GB2210264A

GB2210264A - Antigingival/antiplaque compositions

Info

Publication number: GB2210264A
Application number: GB8723116A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Martin Greensmith
Original assignee: Richardson Vicks Ltd Great Britain
Current assignee: Procter and Gamble Health and Beauty Care Ltd
Priority date: 1987-10-02
Filing date: 1987-10-02
Publication date: 1989-06-07
Also published as: GB8723116D0

Abstract

Oral compositions comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier incorporating (a) from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of an optionally substituted N-tetradecyl pyridinium antimicrobial compound; (b) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of a zinc oral hygiene agent selected from; i) zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc salicylate and mixtures thereof, and ii) other pharmaceutically acceptable, water-soluble zinc salts, provided that in case (ii), the composition additionally comprises; (c) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of an organic acid or salt thereof selected from lactic acid, gluconic acid and salicylic acid, and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium and alkanolammonium salts thereof. The compositions display enhanced antiplaque and antigingivitis activity.

Description

ORAL COMPOSITIONS Technical Field The present invention relates to oral compositions, which term is used to designate products which in the ordinary course of usage are retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the dental and gingival surfaces, but which are not intentionally ingested. Such products include for example mouth washes, dentifrices, sprays, dental gells and lozenges. In particular, the invention relates to oral compositions having improved antigingival/antiplaque activity.

Backaround In normal healthy subjects, the oral gingivae are pink and firmly attached to the underlying alveolar bone.

Gingivitis, which is a condition in which the gingivae become inflamed, swell, and extrude fluid in the crevicular area between the enamel and the teeth, is believed to be related to accumulation of plaque at the enamel/gingival junction as a result of interaction between bacteria in the mouth with nutriants in saliva. It has been suggested that if the accumulation of plaque at the enamel/gingival junction can be prevented or retarded, the severity of gingivitis and periodontitis can be reduced.

The use of antimicrobial agents to reduce plaque has been recognised for many years. It has also been recognised that such agents can promote teeth staining problems, probably by inducing mineralization of plaque. Included among references disclosing oral compositions containing antimicrobials are; US Pat. No 3,937,805, Feb 10, 1976 to Harrison; US Pat. No.

3,937,807, Feb 10, 1976 to Haefele; US Pat. No.

4,080,441, Mar 21, 1978 to Gaffar et al; US Pat. No.

4,118,474, Oct 3, 1978 to Gaffar et al; US Pat. No.

4,370,314, Jan 25, 1983 to Gaffar; US Pat. No.

4,241,049, Dec 23, 1980 to Colodney et al; US Pat. No.

3,925,543, Dec 9, 1975 to Donohue; and US. Pat. No.

4,256,731, Mar 17, 1981 to Curtis et al.

The value of zinc salts and complexes for oral hygiene purposes is also widely known in the art. Pertinent references include US Pat. No. 4,022,880, May 10, 1977 to Vinson et al; US Pat. No. 4,170,634, Oct 9, 1979 to Cordon et al; US Pat. No. 4,082,841, April 4, 1978, to Pader; US Pat. No. 4,289,754, Sept 15, 1981 to Dhabhar et al; EP-A-0162574; EP-A-0075446; GB-A-1373003; and GB-A-2105991.

It now has been found that oral compositions combining certain pyridinium antimicrobial agents and certain zinc oral hygiene agents are especially valuable from the viewpoint of providing enhanced antiplaque and antigingivitis activity and are also effective in controlling stain. While the antimicrobial compounds and zinc oral hygiene agents are individually known for use in oral compositions (see US Pat. No.

4,472,373, Sept 18, 1984 to Ryan and US Pat. No.

4,469,674, Sept 4, 1984 to Shah), it would appear that the value of the combined system for improving antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy has not been previously disclosed or appreciated in the art.

Summary of the Invention Accordingly, the present invention provides an oral composition comprising a pharmaceutically - acceptable carrier incorporating a) from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of an optionally substituted N-tetradecyl pyridinium antimicrobial compound; b) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (theoretical zinc basis) of a zinc oral hygiene agent selected from; i) zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc salicylate and mixtures thereof, and ii) other pharmaceutically acceptable, water-soluble zinc salts, provided that in case (ii), the composition additionally comprises; c) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (acid basis) of an organic acid or salt thereof selected from lactic acid, gluconic acid and salicylic acid, and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts thereof.

All percentages and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified.

The antimicrobial component of the oral compositions herein is an optionally substituted N-tetradecyl pyridinium compound and is preferably selected from the N-tetradecylpyridinium salts, N-tetradecyl4-ethylpyridinium salts and mixtures thereof.

The N-tetradecylpyridinium salt can be represented as follows:

wherein X- is an acid ion constituent such as fluoride chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, acetate, phenylsulfonate among many others. The preferred ions are the fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide with chloride being the most preferred.

The tetradecylethylpyridinium salt has the ethyl group at the "4" position on the ring and can be represented similarly.

wherein X is as defined above.

The amount of pyridinium salt used in the present compositions can be any amount that is safe to use in the mouth and capable of providing reduced plaque/gingivitis and breath odor. This amount will vary depending on the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier selected but generally is in the range of from 0.001% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 7% more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight.

The oral compositions of the invention also incorporate a zinc oral hygiene agent. The zinc oral hygiene agent is selected from.

1) zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc salicylate and mixtures thereof; and 2) other pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble zinc salts such as zinc chloride, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide and zinc acetate In the latter instance, however, the composition additionally comprises an organic acid or salt thereof selected from lactic acid, gluconic acid and salicylic acid and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts thereof. In contrast to other well-known zinc oral hygiene agents such as zinc citrate, surprisingly, no significant incompatability is observed between the defined zinc oral hygiene agents and the pyridinium antimicrobial agent.

In the compositions of the invention, the amount of zinc oral hygiene agent used is sufficient to provide from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the agent on a theoretical zinc basis, preferably from about 0.05% to about 2.0% and more preferably from about 0.08% to about 1% by weight on a theoretical zinc basis. Where the organic acid or salt thereof is present, this comprises from about 0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, more preferably from about 0.08% to about 1% by weight.

The carrier for the active ingredients herein can be any vehicle suitable for use in the oral cavity. Such carriers include the usual components of mouthwashes, dentifrices (e.g., toothpastes, toothpowders, prophylaxis pastes), lozenges, gums and the like and are more fully described below. Dentifrices and mouthwashes are the preferred systems.

The abrasive polishing material contemplated for use in the dentifrice compositions of the present invention can be any material which does not excessively abrade dentin. These include, for example, silicas including gels and precipitates, alkali metal aluminosilicates, calcium carbonate, dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate or the corresponding anhydrous form, calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate, insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate, hydrated alumina, anhydrous alumina, and resinous abrasive materials such as particulate condensation products of urea and formaldehyde, and others such as disclosed by Cooley et al. in US Pat. No. 3,070,510, December 25, 1962.

Silica dental abrasives, of various types, can provide the unique benefits of exceptional dental cleaning and polishing performance without unduly abrading tooth enamel or dentin. Silica abrasive materials are also exceptionally compatible with sources of soluble fluoride. For these reasons they are preferred for use herein.

The silica abrasive polishing materials useful herein, as well as the other abrasives, generally have an average particle size ranging from about 0.1 to about 30 microns, preferably from about 5 to about 15 microns. The silica abrasive can be precipitated silica or silica gels such as the silica xerogels described in Pader et al., US Pat. No. 3,538,230, issued March 2, 1970 and DiGiulio, US Pat. No.

3,862,307, June 21, 1975. Preferred are the silica xerogels marketed under the tradename "Syloid" by the W. R. Grace & Company, Davison Chemical Division, for examples Syloid 63, Syloid 72 and Syloid 74.

Preferred precipitated silica materials include those marketed by the J. M. Huber Corporation under the trademane, "Zeodent", particularly the silica carrying the designation "Zeodent 119". These silica abrasives are described in US Pat. No. 4,340,583, July 29, 1982.

The abrasive in the compositions described herein is generally present at a level of from about 6% to 70%, preferably from about 15% to about 25% when the dentifrice is a toothpaste. Higher levels, as high as 90%, may be used if the composition is a toothpowder.

Flavoring agents can also be added to dentifrice compositions. Suitable flavoring agents include essential oils such as oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove. Sweetening agents which can be used include aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, dextrose, levulose and sodium cyclamate. Flavoring and sweetening agents are generally used in dentifrices at levels of from about 0.005% to about 2% by weight.

Dentifrice compositions can also contain emulsifying agents. Suitable emulsifying agents are those which are reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range, including non-soap anionic, nonionic, cat ionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric organic synthetic detergents. Many of these suitable surfactants are disclosed by Gieske et al., US Pat. No. 4,051,234, September 27, 1977.

It is common to have a water-soluble fluoride compound present in dentifrices in an amount sufficient to give a fluoride concentration of from about 0.0025% to about 5.0% by weight, preferably from about 0.005% to about 2.0% by weight, to provide additional anticaries effectiveness. Preferred fluorides are sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, indium fluoride, and sodium monofluorophosphate. Norris et al., US Pat.

No. 2,946,735, issued July 26, 1960 and Widder et al., US Pat. No. 3,678,154, issued July 18, 1972 disclose such salts as well as others.

Another material useful in the present toothpastes is an anionic anticalculus agent. The anionic calculus inhibitors useful in the compositions of the present invention can be any of the agents which are known to provide calculus reduction. Many of such agents are disclosed in the references listed in the background section. Preferred agents include soluble pyrophosphate salts, soluble polycarboxylic salts (e.g., polyacrylic acid), and polyphosphates among many others. The anionic agent can be present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 1% to about 5%.

Water is also present in the toothpastes of this invention. Water employed in the preparation of commercially suitable toothpastes should preferably be deionized and free of organic impurities. Water generally comprises from about 10% to 50%, preferably from about 20% to 40%, by weight of the toothpaste composition herein. These amounts of water include free water which is added plus that which is introduced with other materials such as with sorbitol.

In preparing toothpastes, it is necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable consistency. Suitable thickening agents include carboxyvinyl polymers such as the Carbopols (RTM), carrageenan (lambda, kappa and iota forms and mixtures thereof), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, starch, starch glycolate, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as gum karaya, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth can also be used.

Thickening agents in an amount from 0.2% to 5.0% preferably from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight of the total composition can be used. Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica such as Silodent 15, Cab-O-Sil M-5, Syloid 244, Syloid 266 and Aerosil D200 can also be added in amounts of from about 0.5% to about 20% to further improve texture.

It is also desirable to include some humectant material in a toothpaste to keep it from hardening.

Suitable humectants include glycerin, sorbitol, and other edible polyhydric alcohols such as polyethylene glycols, mannitols, sugar alcohols and polyoxyethylene alcohols. The humectant is normally present at a level of from about 15% to about 70%, preferably from about 20% to about 50% by weight of composition.

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a mouthwash composition. Conventional mouthwash composition components can comprise the carrier for the agents of the present invention. Mouthwashes generally comprise from about 20.1% to about 2:1 of a water/ethyl alcohol solution and preferably other ingredients such as flavor, sweeteners, humectants and sudsing agents such as those mentioned above for dentifrices. The humectants, such as glycerin and sorbitol give a moist feel to the mouth. Generally, on a weight basis the mouthwashes of the invention comprise 5% to 60% (preferably 5% to 20%) ethyl alcohol, 0% to 20% (preferably 5% to 20%) of a humectant, 0% to 2% (preferably 0.01% to 1.0%) emulsifying agents, 0% to 0.5% (preferably 0.005% to 0.06%) sweetening agent such as saccharin, 0% to 0.3% (preferably 0.03% to 0.3%) flavoring agent, and the balance water. Other optional components described herein earlier for use in dentifrice products are also useful in the mouthwash compositions.

Suitable lozenge and chewing gum components are disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,083,955, April 11, 1978 to Grabenstetter et al.

The pH of the present composition and/or its pH in the mouth can be any pH which is safe for the mouth's hard and soft tissues. Such pH's are generally from about 3 to about 10, preferably from about 4 to about 8.

EXAMPtES I - V The following are representative dentifrice compositions of the present invention. The compositions are prepared by mixing the sorbitol, glycerine, fluoride, sweetener and water in a mix tank at a temperature of from about 600C. to about 800C., adding the remaining components with the antimicrobial last, mixing under vacuum for about 30 minutes and packing.

Components Weight % I II III IV V Sodium fluoride 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Zinc lactate 1.3 - - - 1.3 Zinc gluconate - 1.8 - - Zinc salicylate - - 2 - Zinc chloride - - - 1 Lactic acid - - - 1 Natrosol 250M1 1 1.5 1 1.5 1.4 Glycerine 7 15 8 5 16 Sorbitol (70%) solution 20 38 13 16 40 Calcium pyrophosphate 40 - 40 40 Zeodent 1195 - 25 - - 23 Titanium dioxide 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 PEG40-SD1S2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 3 Acesulfam - K3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Flavour 2 2 2 2 2 Colour 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 HC1 (1M) 0.5 2.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 TDEPC4 0.7 1.1 - 0.9 0.9 Azulene 0.05 - - 0.05 0.05 Double reverse osmosis water ~~~~~~~~~~to to 100 100 1. Natrosol 250M Hydroxyethylcellulose supplied by Hercules Inc.

2. PEG40-SDlS PEG40-Sorbitan diisostearate 3. Acesulfam-K Potassium salt of 3, 4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3, -oxathiazin-4-on-2,2-dioxide 4. TDEPC Tetradecylethylpyridinium chloride.

5. Zeodent Precipitated silica supplied by Huber Inc.

The compositions display excellent antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy and improved stain control.

EXAMPLES VI TO VIII The following are representative mouthwash compositions of the present invention.

Weight % VI VII VIII TDEPC 0.6 1.1 0.9 Ethanol 10 10 10 Glycerine 8 8 8 PEG40-SD1S 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zinc lactate 1.3 Zinc gluconate - 1.5 Zinc salicylate - - 1.7 Acesulfam - K 0.3 0.3 0.3 Flavour 0.08 0.08 0.08 Colour 0.01 0.01 0.01 Double reverse osmosis water To 100 The compositions display excellent antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy and improved stain control.

Claims

1. An oral composition comprising a pharmaceutically - acceptable carrier incorporating a) from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of an optionally substituted N-tetradecyl pyridinium antimicrobial compound; b) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (theoretical zinc basis) of a zinc oral hygiene agent selected from; i) zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc salicylate and mixtures thereof, and ii) other pharmaceutically acceptable, water-soluble zinc salts, provided that in case (ii), the composition additionally comprises; c) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (acid basis) of an organic acid or salt thereof selected from lactic acid, gluconic acid and salicylic acid, and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium and alkanolammonium salts thereof.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial compound is selected from N-tetradecyl pyridinium salts and N-tetradecyl-4-ethylpyridinium salts and mixtures thereof.

3. A composition according to Claim 2 comprising from about 0.01% go about 7%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 1% of the antimicrobial.

4. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3 comprising from about 0.05% to about 2.0% preferably from about 0.08% to about 1.0% by weight (zinc basis) of the zinc oral hygiene agent.

5. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the zinc oral hygiene agent is zinc lactate.

6. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the zinc oral hygiene agent is zinc chloride.

7. A composition according to Claim 6 comprising from about 0.05% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.08% to about 1% by weight (acid basis) of the organic acid or salt thereof.

8. A composition according to Claim 6 or 7 wherein the salt of an organic acid is selected from sodium lactate and sodium gluconate and mixtures thereof.

10. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 9 in the form of a dentifrice which additionally contains an abrasive or in the form of a mouthwash which additionally contains water and alcohol.