GB2205575A - Insulating adhesive tapes suitable for use with pipes placed in the soil - Google Patents
Insulating adhesive tapes suitable for use with pipes placed in the soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2205575A GB2205575A GB08713643A GB8713643A GB2205575A GB 2205575 A GB2205575 A GB 2205575A GB 08713643 A GB08713643 A GB 08713643A GB 8713643 A GB8713643 A GB 8713643A GB 2205575 A GB2205575 A GB 2205575A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- adhesive tape
- adhesive
- adhesion
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical group CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical compound C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GPRYVSOUOYKCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[chloro(fluoro)methoxy]-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)OC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F GPRYVSOUOYKCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940054266 2-mercaptobenzothiazole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000479 mixture part Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001272567 Hominoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282337 Nasua nasua Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000656145 Thyrsites atun Species 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
- C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09J7/383—Natural or synthetic rubber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
- F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
- F16L58/16—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings the coating being in the form of a bandage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/027—Bands, cords, strips or the like for helically winding around a cylindrical object
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873719543 DE3719543A1 (de) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Isolierbaender, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
| GB08713643A GB2205575A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Insulating adhesive tapes suitable for use with pipes placed in the soil |
| JP62146166A JPS63312383A (ja) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | 土中に埋設されるパイプの絶縁用多層テープ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08713643A GB2205575A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Insulating adhesive tapes suitable for use with pipes placed in the soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8713643D0 GB8713643D0 (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| GB2205575A true GB2205575A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
Family
ID=10618732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08713643A Withdrawn GB2205575A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Insulating adhesive tapes suitable for use with pipes placed in the soil |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63312383A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| DE (1) | DE3719543A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| GB (1) | GB2205575A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10876674B2 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2020-12-29 | Saint-Gobain Pam | Iron-based piping element for buried pipeline, comprising an outer coating |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4404955A1 (de) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-24 | Beiersdorf Ag | Klebematerial mit Nachvernetzungsreserve |
| DE10163252A1 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Henkel Teroson Gmbh | Flächenversteifende Kautschuk-Systeme |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB597181A (en) * | 1944-07-22 | 1948-01-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Improvements in and relating to pressure-sensitive adhesives |
| US3716503A (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1973-02-13 | Scholl Inc | Stabilized surgical adhesive |
| US4189419A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-19 | Avery International Corporation | Pressure-sensitive adhesives based on carboxylated SBR emulsion |
| GB2058610A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1981-04-15 | Nichiban Kk | Pressure sensitive adhesives and tapes |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5086538A (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-07-11 | ||
| JPS5914072A (ja) * | 1982-07-14 | 1984-01-24 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | 現金取扱装置 |
-
1987
- 1987-06-11 JP JP62146166A patent/JPS63312383A/ja active Granted
- 1987-06-11 GB GB08713643A patent/GB2205575A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-06-11 DE DE19873719543 patent/DE3719543A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB597181A (en) * | 1944-07-22 | 1948-01-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Improvements in and relating to pressure-sensitive adhesives |
| US3716503A (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1973-02-13 | Scholl Inc | Stabilized surgical adhesive |
| US4189419A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-19 | Avery International Corporation | Pressure-sensitive adhesives based on carboxylated SBR emulsion |
| GB2058610A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1981-04-15 | Nichiban Kk | Pressure sensitive adhesives and tapes |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10876674B2 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2020-12-29 | Saint-Gobain Pam | Iron-based piping element for buried pipeline, comprising an outer coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63312383A (ja) | 1988-12-20 |
| GB8713643D0 (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| JPH0242869B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1990-09-26 |
| DE3719543A1 (de) | 1988-12-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |