GB2204033A - Method of forming superconductive ceramic material - Google Patents
Method of forming superconductive ceramic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2204033A GB2204033A GB08710443A GB8710443A GB2204033A GB 2204033 A GB2204033 A GB 2204033A GB 08710443 A GB08710443 A GB 08710443A GB 8710443 A GB8710443 A GB 8710443A GB 2204033 A GB2204033 A GB 2204033A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- superconductive
- powder
- produce
- gel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007966 viscous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001281 superconducting alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GYIWFHXWLCXGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);ethanolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] GYIWFHXWLCXGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRCKGIUJMFFISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;ethanolate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] CRCKGIUJMFFISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IBSDADOZMZEYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-H oxalate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IBSDADOZMZEYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010951 particle size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
- C01G3/006—Compounds containing, besides copper, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/45—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on copper oxide or solid solutions thereof with other oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
- H10N60/0296—Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers
- H10N60/0324—Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers from a solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/34—Three-dimensional structures perovskite-type (ABO3)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Certain ceramic materials produced by specified heat treatment have been found to exhibit superconductivity at temperatures considerably higher than the liquid helium temperatures previously necessary for superconducting alloys. The forming of such superconducting ceramics into useful shapes and components presents difficulties owing to the inherent inflexible characteristics of ceramics. The present invention overcomes this problem by forming the superconductive ceramic from organic solutions of organic compounds of suitable cations. Such solutions may yield a superconducting ceramic powder directly by pyrolysis or more usefully the solutions may be evaporated to produce a gel which may be applied as a coating on a substrate, reduced to a powder by rapid heat treatment or evaporated slowly to produce a monolithic ceramic. The powder may be combined with an organic binder, and flowed into a sheet which is dried and may be cut into tape. The tape may then be wound to the required shape and fired.
Description
A Method of forming Superconductive Ceramic Material
This invention relates to a method of forming superconductive ceramic material and to electrical components and equipment incorporating such material formed by this method.
Until comparatively recently superconducting materials have consisted of metal alloys, all of which had the considerable disadvantage of requiring liquid helium for their operation, since the transition to the superconducting state is below the boiling point of other coolants. Liquid helium is expensive and requires elaborate and costly cryostatic equipment for its utilisation. Recently, superconductivity has been reported in ceramic materials at or about liquid nitrogen temperatures (77K). This offers a significant increase in scope for superconducting devices. At the same time, however, the development of such refractory materials places restrictions on the use of conventional fabrication methods since ceramics are non-ductile materials, difficult to shape into the thin sheet and wire forms required for practical devices. (See Bednorz J.G., Muller K.A.Z Phys. B64, 189, 1986).
Ceramic superconductors are found in, for example, oxygen deficient perovskite structures, in systems such as Bax Lay Cuz O6 or Bax Yy Cuz O & ; the superconducting transition temperature Tc being dependent largely on 6 , and x, y, z being related. These ceramics have been prepared by conventional powder routes employing, for instance, the carbonates of alkaline earth metals (Ba, Sr, Ca) and oxides of other constitutents, (La, Cu, Y etc).
Some disadvantages of these known methods are:
(i) Extensive milling and attrition is required for mixing
and particle size reduction, resulting in impurity pick-up.
(ii) Particle size dependence.
(iii) There is a practical lower limit to particle size resulting
from a non-linear increase in cost with decreasing size.
This lower limit influences devices that can be produced.
(iv) Difficulty of producing uniform thin films, and coatings on
substrates.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method of manufacturing, and in particular, forming, superconductive ceramic materials which does not suffer from the above disadvantages of the conventional method.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of forming superconductive ceramic materials comprises the steps of providing organic compounds of constituent metals of superconductive ceramics, dissolving these organic compounds in a volatile organic solvent, heating the solution to remove extraneous constituents and shaping and firing the resultant material to form a superconductive ceramic.
The heating of the solution may include a gelling stage in which the solution is converted to a gel. The shaping step may comprise forming the gel into a mass of predetermined shape, the resulting gel mass being then evaporated with a slow increase of temperature to produce a monolithic ceramic body. The slow increase of temperature may extend over a number of days up to a maximum temperature of 100000 in an atmosphere of excess oxygen.
Alternatively, the gel may be rapidly heated to a maximum temperature of 100000 in an atmosphere of excess oxygen to produce a finely divided powder.
The gel may be applied as a coating to a metal or insulator component. In this case, the coating may be locally fired e.g. by a laser or electron beam heat treatment, to produce superconductive tracks.
In another alternative the solution may be pyrolysed in alcohol by ignition at a temperature in excess of 70000 to produce a finely divided powder. In this case the pyrolysed products are preferably continuously agitated in excess air to remove carbonaceous material.
A fluid organic binder may be added to the ceramic powder, the powder/binder mix may be spread onto a film, and the resulting sheet dried and cut into sheet or strip form. The film may alternatively be arranged to move as the mix is applied to it, the thickness of the resulting sheet being controlled by a doctor blade.
Flexible tape may thus be produced in an un-fired state, the tape then being wound and fired to form a superconducting electrical component.
A fluid organic binder may be added to the ceramic powder and the powder/binder mix extruded to produce a wire-like material for winding and firing to form a superconductive electrical component.
The un-fired ceramic material is preferably fired at a temperature between 90000 and 103000 to induce a superconductive state.
Several methods of forming superconductive ceramic material in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example.
The essence of the method is the use of a solution of organic compounds of the constitutents of a superconductive ceramic.
While finely divided superconductive ceramic powders can be produced directly from the solution, as will be explained, the development of a gel from the solution can provide a very versatile material applicable to a wide range of applications. Examples of this 'sol-gel' process will now be given.
As explained above, oxygen deficient perovskite structures have been found to provide ceramic superconductors. Examples of suitable cations for oxygen deficient perovskite structures are La,
Ba, Ca, Si, Nd, U, Ce, Y, and Sc. Copper oxide or another metal oxide which offers several simultaneous coordination states and allows for intercalation of oxygen is a necessary ingredient. Nb203 may be present to assist in grain size control at the later firing steps.
Suitable organic precursors to enable stable 'sols' to be formed are, e.g.,
Yttrium acetate Y(OOCCH3)3 4H20
Yttrium oxalate Y(C204)3 4H20
Barium acetate Ba(0OCCH3)2 Barium ethoxide Ba(0C2H5)2 Copper ethoxide Cu(0C2H5)2 these compounds being selected for solubility in a volatile organic solvent, e.g. isopropanol. Similar organic compounds for the other cations mentioned above will also be suitable.
A typical formulation for a sol would be:
Yttrium acetate 35g
Barium ethoxide 309 Copper ethoxide 259 Isopropanol 1000ml, reacted at c.3O0C.
This sol is subjected to acidification by 0.5 ml of 0.1M HC1 to adjust the pH value and hence the rate of gel formation. With the further addition of 100ml H20, the sol is allowed to evaporate to the onset of gelation, as shown by increasing viscosity. The rate of gelation may be controlled by monitoring viscosity changes with time and altering evaporation rates accordingly through temperature and atmosphere control. The gelled material is then treated in any or all of the following manners: (1) To produce a monolithic ceramic
The gel is evaporated over a period of 10 to 30 days with slow increase of temperature.Above 500 C decomposition and loss of carbon occurs; from 500 C up to 10000C maximum the 0 content of the atmosphere is maintained at between 20X and 100%, to ensure uptake into the structure. Slow solvent removal is essential to maintain a coherent gel, and thus to produce a monolithic ceramic.
(2) To produce a powder
The gel is subjected to rapid drying and heating (atmosphere as in 1) to produce a finely divided powder.
(3) To produce a coating or film
The gel is applied as a low viscosity coating to suitable substrates, for example copper bars, wires, or insulating materials by methods such as spraying, dip coating and, for flat substrates, screen printing and spin coating. Deposited films can be conventionally heat-treated by furnacing and/or controlled drying as in (1).
The coatings may, at certain stages of their production, be sufficiently flexible to permit winding of coils after coating application. Alternatively the coatings may be applied after coil winding operations are complete.
In an alternative to the complete sol-gel process the sol is formed as above but, without producing a gel, is subjected to pyrolysis by igniting the sol at greater than 7000C in propanol.
Continuous agitation of the products ensures removal of carbonaceous material by exposure to excess air. A suitable inert agitator, e.g. a recrystallised alumina rod, has been found suitable. A finely divided powder again results.
Powders of the Cu-perovskite structures prepared as above, i.e., b3. a sol-gel route or by pyrolysis, are further processed by one of the following methods: (a) Tape Casting.
A fluid organic binder is added to the powder, and the mix flowed uniformly on a suitable moving carrier film under a doctor blade to control thickness of the sheet so formed. Drying of the sheet results in a flexible "tape" in an unfired state. This may be cut and/or wound to the required configuration of the electrical device.
(b) Extrusion
Extrusion of the powder suspended in a binder through a nozzle produces flexible, wire-like material which may be wound or shaped in the unfired state to the appropriate configuration.
(c) Screen Printing
A viscous suspension of the powder with, e.g., polyvinyl alcohol is made and applied to a substrate by a screen printing process using a screen of 120 - 240 apertures/inch. The pattern so printed is dried and fired in a manner as described above. One application of such a pattern would be electronic switching devices.
Linear tracks/components of dimensions 10 - 40 microns are quite practicable. ~
The materials and devices formed by the above methods are ceramics of defined shape or form but have not been fired and are not therefore superconductive. Firing of the shaped materals at temperatures between 9000C and 10300C produces ceramics with the necessary superconductivity.
In the process described above in which a gel is applied as a continuous coating to a substrate a specific advantage is that the coating can be locally heat processed by, for example, laser or electron beam treatment so as to write superconductive tracks into the deposited material. Unwanted material may be removed by a suitable treatment, e.g., solvent washing. An optional secondary treatment of the above treated films can also be employed in order to develop a desired property.
Where coatings of these materials are in danger of 'quenching', i.e., reverting to the normal conducting state, a metallic or otherwise normally electrical conductive substrate could be used as a route for the normal (i.e. non superconductive) electrical current.
The materials described above have numerous applications:
Electrical Engineering
- transformers ) both utilising tape cast or
- generators ) extruded superconducting ceramics
- DC magnets )
for accelerators) tape cast, extruded coatings
- tomographs ) and monoliths
levitation )
energy storage )
Electronics
- computers ) coatings
- quantum devices ) cast sheets
(SQUIDS)
- switching devices )
Claims (20)
- CLAIMS 1. A method of forming superconductive ceramic materials comprising the steps of providing organic compounds of constituent metals of superconductive ceramics, dissolving these organic compounds in a volatile organic solvent, heating the solution to remove extraneous constituents and shaping and firing the resultant material to form a superconductive ceramic.
- 2. A method according to Claim 1, wherein said step of heating the solution includes a gelling stage in which the solution is evaporated to provide a gel.
- 3. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the shaping step comprises forming said gel into a mass of predetermined shape, the resulting gel mass being further evaporated with a slow increase of temperature to produce a monolithic ceramic body.
- 4. A method according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein said slow increase of temperature extends over a number of days up to a maximum temperature of 10000C in an atmosphere of excess oxygen.
- 5. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the gel is rapidly heated to a maximum temperature of 10000C in an atmosphere of excess oxygen to produce a finely divided powder.
- 6. A method according to Claim 2, wherein said gel is applied as a coating to a metal or insulation component.
- 7. A method according to Claim 6, wherein said coating is locally fired to produce superconductive tracks.
- 8. A method according to Claim 7, wherein the local firing is performed by a laser or by electron beam heat treatment.
- 9. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the solution is pyrolysed in alcohol by ignition at a temperature in excess of 7000C to produce a finely divided powder.
- 10. A method according to Claim 9 in which the pyrolysed products are continuously agitated in excess air to remove carbonaceous material.
- 11. A method according to any of Claims 5, 9 & 10, wherein a fluid organic binder is added to the ceramic powder, the powder/binder mix is spread onto a film, and the resulting sheet is dried and cut into sheet or strip form.
- 12. A method according to Claim 11, wherein said film is arranged to move as said mix is applied to it, the thickness of the resulting sheet being controlled by a doctor blade.
- 13. A method according to Claim 11 or Claim 12, for producing flexible tape in an un-fired state, winding the tape, and firing the wound tape to form a superconducting electrical component.
- 14. A method according to any of Claims 5, 9 & 10, wherein a fluid organic binder is added to the ceramic powder and the powder/binder mix is extruded to produce a wire-like material for winding and firing to form a superconductive electrical component.
- 15. A method according to any of Claims 5, 9 & 10, wherein the ceramic powder is added to an organic liquid to produce a viscous suspension, the suspension is applied to a sheet or substrate by a screen printing process,and the pattern so printed is dried and fired.
- 16. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the un-fired ceramic material is fired at a temperature between 9000C and 10300C.
- 17. A superconductive ceramic component made by a method according to any preceding claim.
- 18. Electrical equipment including a superconductive ceramic component made by a method according to any of Claims 1 to 15.
- 19. A superconductive ceramic component made by a method as hereinbefore described.
- 20. A method of forming a superconductive ceramic component as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8710443A GB2204033B (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1987-05-01 | A method of forming superconductive ceramic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8710443A GB2204033B (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1987-05-01 | A method of forming superconductive ceramic material |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8710443D0 GB8710443D0 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
GB2204033A true GB2204033A (en) | 1988-11-02 |
GB2204033B GB2204033B (en) | 1991-07-10 |
Family
ID=10616747
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8710443A Expired - Fee Related GB2204033B (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1987-05-01 | A method of forming superconductive ceramic material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2204033B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0360662A1 (en) * | 1988-09-21 | 1990-03-28 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Precursor compositions for superconducting ceramics, their preparation and use |
EP0405352A1 (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-02 | Alcatel | Process for producing a ceramic superconducting shaped article |
GB2248233A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-04-01 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Apparatus for continuous production of ceramic oxide superconductors |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1288644C (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1991-09-10 | Noriyuki Yoshida | Oxide superconductive material and method of manufacturing the same |
-
1987
- 1987-05-01 GB GB8710443A patent/GB2204033B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0360662A1 (en) * | 1988-09-21 | 1990-03-28 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Precursor compositions for superconducting ceramics, their preparation and use |
EP0405352A1 (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-02 | Alcatel | Process for producing a ceramic superconducting shaped article |
FR2649093A1 (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-01-04 | Comp Generale Electricite | PROCESS FOR SHAPING A SUPERCONDUCTIVE CERAMIC |
GB2248233A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-04-01 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Apparatus for continuous production of ceramic oxide superconductors |
GB2248233B (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1994-08-17 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Apparatus for continuous production of ceramic oxide superconductors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8710443D0 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
GB2204033B (en) | 1991-07-10 |
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