GB2203831A - Diagnosis of malignant tumours by fluorescence - Google Patents
Diagnosis of malignant tumours by fluorescence Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2203831A GB2203831A GB08616511A GB8616511A GB2203831A GB 2203831 A GB2203831 A GB 2203831A GB 08616511 A GB08616511 A GB 08616511A GB 8616511 A GB8616511 A GB 8616511A GB 2203831 A GB2203831 A GB 2203831A
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- fluorescence
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- light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N2021/6484—Optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6447—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence by visual observation
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
In a non-invasive apparatus for the diagnosis of malignant tumours by intrinsic fluorescence UV light from a source 1 is transmitted by quartz optic fibres 2 to the surface of the living tissue 3, stimulating its intrinsic fluorescence which is transmitted by ordinary optic fibres 4 for signal processing and subsequent display of the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum by graphical means. The presence of the characteristic wave peak in the graph corresponding to evidence of malignancy permits appropriate diagnosis. The colour of the intrinsic fluorescence of the living tissue which determines the presence or absence of malignancy, may also be made with the naked eye. The apparatus may be used clinically to diagnose body surface malignant tumours, as well as those in body cavities within the reach of the optic fibres. <IMAGE>
Description
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS
OF MALIGNANT TUMOURS
This invention refers to a medical diagnostic apparatus. More particularly, it relates to apparatus for diagnosing malignant tumours and a method of using the apparatus for such diagnosis.
In the prior relevant art reference may be had to the paper entitled "The Study of the Analysis of Laser Stimulated Fluorescence Spectrum of the Digestive System and the Nature of its Fluorescent Material" in "The Journal of the Digestive Organ Endoscopy ofbthe Japanese Association" vol. 26, August 8, 1984, by Tsai Chen-Shi, Tsao po University, Japan.
This paper has demonstrated that, by using an Argon-ion laser with a wavelength of 5145 angstroms as a light source to directly illuminate an isolated specimen from the body, by analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum generated after such illumination, it is possible to diagnose the presence or otherwise of a malignant tumour in the isolated specimen.
The method of Tsai Chen-Shi cannot however be used to diagnose gastric cancer. The conformity rate in the diagnosis of large intestinal cancer is only 30%. This is because, in the prior art, the visible blue-green spectrum of the Argon-ion laser superimposes itself upon the visible light wave band of the fluorescence spectrum, so generated by the stimulation of the isolated specimen, leading to erroneous experimental conclusions and inaccuracy of diagnosis. Moreover, the earlier work is still at the experimental stage. Only resected specimens were made use of for research. So far therefore, there is no apparatus able to effect the general diagnosis of malignant tumours in living tissue.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide diagnostic apparatus for malignant tumours which does not suffer the limitations of the prior art.
Another object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus which may be operated rapidly, simply and non-invasively to diagnose various malignant tumours.
A further object of the present invention is to provide diagnostic apparatus of the above type using a high-energy light source, so as to increase diagnostic sensitivity.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for diagnosing malignant tumours in living tissue comprising a source for providing a beam of radiation in the electro-magnetic spectrum, and means for; irradiating said tissue with said beam, the radiation of said beam being in the invisible spectrum and at a wavelength necessary to stimulate the inherent fluorescence of the tissue, whereby the unique determination of the presence or absence of malignancy in the tissue is possible by analysis of the visible spectrum of said inherent fluorescence.
In comparison with the prior art, the advantage of the present invention is achieved by preferred utilisation of a radiation source of ultraviolet light with emitted wavelengths in the 3000-4000 band. The energy of the stimulated beam is thus greatly increased.
Moreover as the emitted wavelength of the light source may be arranged close to the absorption peak value of 3400 + 200 A by a malignant tumour, diagnostic sensitivity is high, and so the conformity rate of diagnosis is correspondingly higher.
More importantly, the nearby ultraviolet wave band emitted is invisible, while the intrinsic fluorescence stimulated by the light source is visible, therefore the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum stimulated by the ultraviolet light is the single specific spectrum of the tested living tissue itself without the superposition of the light spectrum from the light source.
The diagnostic apparatus according to the invention therefore is able to diagnose malignant tumours of 1-2mm in thickness in mucosa or submucosa, which is of great importance in early diagnosis.
In addition, as soft flexible optic fibre is used to transmit stimulating light and intrinsic fluorescence, the apparatus is easy to operate. It is possible to diagnose not only a malignant tumour on a body surface, but also in a body cavity within the reach of an endoscope, and also can assist the surgeon to define the position and the extent of the malignant tumour for removal purposes.
Being simple, non-invasive, easy to operate and high in conformity rate, the apparatus can be widely used to diagnose malignant tumours clinically and for general investigation. 406 cases of various types of malignant tumours were diagnosed by using the apparatus in six hospitals such as the Central Hospital of Chang ning District Shanghai,
Shanghai Municipal Tumour Hospital, the Obstetrical and Gynecological
Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai First Medical College, etc. The success rate is over 90%.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of diagnosing malignant tumours in living tissue comprising irradiating the living tissue with radiation in the invisible spectrum, choosing the wavelength in the said invisible spectrum necessary to stimulate the living tissue to emit its inherent fluorescence and analysing the spectrum of said inherent fluorescence thereby uniquely to determine the presence or absence of malignancy in the tissue.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein::
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred form of diagnostic apparatus for malignant tumours;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration, in part cross-section of a light source system and light transmitting system of the apparatus of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of a normal living tissue obtained by apparatus according to the invention; and
Figure 4 shows the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum representative of the existence of a malignant tumour in living tissue obtained by apparatus according to the invention.
With reference to Figure 1 a preferred form of diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence of malignant tumours comprises an ultraviolet light source 1 emitting wave lengths of 3000-4000 ansgtrom, connected to quartz optic fibres 2 for transmitting the light emitted from the source 1 to living tissue 3 to be diagnosed. Glass optic fibres 4 receive and transmit the intrinsic fluorescence of the living tissue 3 stimulated by the ultraviolet light from fibres 2 to a colour resolution system 5 which is connected to an electric processing circuit 6 and an 0.5 sec. auto-scanning system 8,the circuit 6 also being connected to a display-recording system 7 which is itself coupled to a digital manifestation-alarm system 9.
As shown in Figure 2 the light source system 1 used in the present embodiment is composed of a mercury lamp 10 and reflecting bowl 11 fixed to an adjustable stand 12. The reflecting bowl 11 through the adjustment of the stand 12 focusses the light emitted from the mercury lamp 10 to a set of ultraviolet wavelength filters 13 designed to provide output stimulating light in the preferable functioning wave band of 3400 + 200 A. The ultraviolet wavelength filter set 13 is composed of 4-12 superposed filter plates each having a thickness of 1-2mm.
The low energy consumption multibundle quartz optic fibres 2 transmit the stimulation light to the surface of a sample of living tissue 3 as shown. The optic fibres 4 being multibundle ordinary optic fibres transmit the intrinsic flourescence from the specimen generated by the stimulation light beam to the colour resolution system 5.
As shown in Figure 2 the axis of the optic fibre bundle 2 is at 450 to the axis of the optic fibre bundle 4, the latter being perpendicular to the surface of the living tissue 3.
The ends of the fibre bundles 2 and 4 are enclosed within a fixed stand 15, enclosed by a similarly sized shade 16 to control the distance between the ends of the optic fibre bundles 2 and 4 and the surface of tissue 3 to within 2-lOmm. When in operation the lower end of the shade 16 is firmly in contact with the surface of the tested tissue 3. The shade 16 must be changed after each use, in order to avoid infection.
As already explained ultraviolet light with a wavelength of between 3000-4000 angstroms emitted from the light source system 1 is transmitted through low energy consumption quartz optic fibres 2 to the surface of the living tissue 3 including normal and malignant tissue which is thereby stimulated to emit intrinsic flourescence.
The reflected intrinsic fluorescence is transmitted by multibundle ordinary glass optic fibres 4 to the colour resolution system 5 through an 0.5 sec. automatic scanning system 8 through the processor 6. Within 0.5 sec. the digital display-alarm system 9 will operate to record the emitted intrinsic flourescence spectrum from the specimen 3.
If the tested living tissue is a normal tissue, the obtained intrinsic fluorescence spectrum as shown in Figure 3, has a single peak in the spectrum graph within the blue colour wave band at 45004800 angstrom. On the contrary, if the tested living tissue is malignant then in the obtained intrinsic fluorescence spectrum as shown in Figure 4, in addition to a peak within the blue colour wave band at 45004800 angstrom belonging to normal living tissue, there also appears a characteristic peak within the red colour wave band of 6000-6900 angstrom indicative of the existence of malignant tissue.
A mercury vapour lamp is practicable to the present invention. It is more simple than the construction of other ultraviolet light sources and is easy in operation, convenient in maintenance, at low cost, and preferable to extend the use.
As an alternative an ultraviolet laser may also be used as a light stimulating source. The advantage of the use of an ultraviolet laser over a mercury vapour lamp is that its energy is greater and the efficiency in stimulating the intrinsic fluorescence from the living tissue is high, so that the demand of the electric circuit system 6 for processing the intrinsic fluorescence output is thereby reduced.
But as the cost of an ultraviolet laser is much higher than that of a mercury vapour lamp, thus the selection of which light source to employ will be determined mainly on the basis of this criterion. The laser apparatus may be nitrogen laser apparatus, krypton laser apparatus, xenon laser apparatus or ultraviolet eximer laser apparatus.
As another alternative of the present embodiment, the efferent end of the optic fibres 2 and the afferent end of the optic fibres 4 can be formed into a coaxial construction, so that the contact surface between the living tissue 3 and the optic is diminished and the space occupied by the optic fibres is decreased. This is convenient to allow deep penetration by an endoscope into inner cavities of the body for diagnoses. The formed coaxial length is determined by the depth of the test position in the body cavity.
In the construction of the coaxial optic fibres, the optic fibres 2 transmitting stimulation light is made of low consumption quartz glass, while the optic fibres 4 transmitting the stimulated intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of living tissue, is made of ordinary optical glass. In a preferred construction the optic fibres 2 being a multibundle of fibres or a single optic fibre with a diameter of 300-600 are evenly surrounded by bundles of optic fibres 4 transmitting the intrinsic fluorescence, or alternatively optic fibres 4 transmitting intrinsic fluorescence evenly, surrounded by bundles of optic fibres 2 transmitting stimulation light.In addition, the coaxial arrangement may be formed by bundles of optic fibres for transmitting the intrinsic fluorescence, and bundles of optic fibres for transmitting stimulation light which are alternately intermixed to form a coaxial complex of optic fibres.
In the above embodiment, the wave spectrum of the intrinsic fluorescence of the living tissue is displayed and recorded to diagnose the presence or absence of malignancy in a tested living tissue. As an alternative, a simple method of direct naked eye observation of the colour of the intrinsic fluorescence emitted by the stimulated living tissue may be used.Thus when using ultraviolet stimulating light within a wavelength range of 3000-4000 angstrom (3400 + 200 angstrom is preferable), which is able to generate stimulated intrinsic fluorescence from the normal living tissue in the 4500-4800 angstrom blue colour wave band, and from malignant tissue the 6000-6900 angstrom red colour wave band therefore, when a sample of living tissue is illuminated by an ultraviolet light source as described herein, is observed by the naked eye, then if the reddish colour of the intrinsic fluorescence emmitting from the tested living tissue is visible, an immediate diagnosis of the existence of malignancy in the living tissue may be made.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Embodiments of the invention may be summarised as follows:
Summary 1. A diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence of a living tissue to determine the existence or absence of malignancy therein comprising a light source (1), a colour resolution system (5), electronic system (6), display-record system (7), 0.5 sec. automatic scanning system (8), digit display alarm system (9). Its characteristics consist of optic fibres transmitting stimulating light (2) and the optic fibres (4) receiving and transmitting the intrinsic fluorescence reflected from the living tissue (3). The stimulating light emitting from the light source (1) is transmitted to the surface of the tested living tissue (3) by stimulating light transmitting optic fibres (2).
The optic fibres transmitting intrinsic fluorescence receives and transmits intrinsic fluorescence to the colour resolution system (5) then scanned by 0.5 sec. automatic scanning system (8) and after the process of electronic system (6) the display-record system (7) displays and records intrinsic fluorescence spectrum and in the meantime the digital display alarm (9) shows alarm and light display. Said light source system (1) is the nearby ultraviolet light source system with a range of stimulating wavelength of 3000-4000 angstroms.
Summary 2. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summary 1, in which said optic fibres (2) transmitting stimulating light from the light source are formed by multibundle low consumptive quartz optic fibres. The optic fibres transmitting and receiving the intrinsic fluorescence are formed by multibundle ordinary glass optic fibres.The incident end of optic fibres (4) for incidence and transmitting of intrinsic fluorescence is perpendicular to the surface of the tested living tissue and is placed in the fix-stand (15) with the emerging end of the optic fibres (2) transmitting stimulating light, forming an acute angle of 450. The distance between the surface of the living tissue (3) and both the emerging and incident ends of the optic fibres (2) transmitting intrinsic fluorescence resoedtively is controlled by the outer shade (16) of the fix-stand (15) within 2-10 mm.
Summary 3. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summary 1 or 2, in which the emerging end of the optic fibres (2) transmitting stimulating light and the incident end of the optic fibres (4) transmitting intrinsic fluorescence can be made in coaxial constructions. The coaxial length depends upon the depth of the tested position in the body cavity. The form of coaxis is that the axial centre is the optic fibres (2) which transmit stimulating light.
It is composed of multibundle optic fibres with a diameter of 300Ju - 600, evenly surrounded by multibundle optic fibres (4) transmitting intrinsic fluorescence as axis evenly surrounded by multibundle optic fibres (2) transmitting stimulating light, or it is composed of multibundle optic fibres (4) transmitting intrinsic fluorescence and the multibundle optic fibres (2) transmitting stimulating light which are alternately arranged in coaxial complex optic fibres.
Summary 4. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summary 1, in which the light source system (1) including a mercury lamp (10) fixed on the adjustable stand (12) a reflecting bowl (11) and a colour filter set (13) fixed on the frame (14), is that the illuminating light from the mercury lamp (10) reflected by the reflecting bowl (11) is focussed to the centre of the colour filter set by adjusting the distance of mercury lamp (10) and reflecting bowl (11) in relation to colour filter set (13) with adjustable stand (12).
Summary 5. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summary 4, in which the colour filter set (13) is composed of 4-12 ultraviolet light plates each with 1-2 mm in thickness superposed together.
Summary 6. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summary 1, in which the light source system is an ultraviolet stimulation apparatus, which may be nitrogen laser apparatus, krypton laser apparatus, xenon laser apparatus or ultraviolet eximer laser apparatus.
Summary 7. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summaries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, in which the light source system is that the preferred functioning wave length is at 3400 + 200 angstrom.
Summary 8. The diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluorescence according to summaries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, it can be used to diagnose the malignant tumour both at the body surface of patients and in the inner cavity of the body where endoscope can reach. The malignant tumour exposed in the field during operation can also be diagnosed.
Summary 9. The diagnostic apparatus according to summary 1, in which the intrinsic fluorescence diagnostic apparatus can diaplay and record not only the wave graph of the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum to diagnose the malignant tumour but also can be used to observe directly by naked eye the colour of intrinsic fluorescence emitted from the stimulated living tissue so as to make a diagnosis of malignancy by direct visual method.
Claims (19)
1. Apparatus for diagnosing malignant tumours in living tissue
comprising a source for providing a beam of radiation in the
electro-magnetic spectrum, and means for irradiating said tissue
with said beam, the radiation of said beam being in the invisible
spectrum and at a wavelength necessary to stimulate the inherent
fluorescence of the tissue, whereby the unique determination of
the presence or absence of malignancy in the tissue is possible
by analysis of the visible spectrum of said inherent fluorescence.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said source of radiation
is ultraviolet radiation in the 3000-4000 A wave band.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said means for irr
adiating said beam is optic wave guide means in the form of a
quartz optic fibre bundle.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said spectrum
of inherent fluorescence is transmitted from said living tissue
for subsequent analysis by means of a second optic wave guide
means in the form of a glass optic fibre bundle.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 including colour-resolution
means for receiving said transmitted inherent fluorescence
spectrum from said second optic wave guide means, and means for
recording and displaying said fluorescence spectrum to permit
analysis thereof.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein control means are
provided for adjusting afferent and efferent end portions of said
quartz optic fibre and glass optic fibre bundles, axially with
respect to the surface of said living tissue.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein said axial adjustment is
450 with respect to said afferent end portion, and 900 with
respect to said efferent end portion.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein efferent and afferent
end portions of said quartz and glass optic fibre bundles are
joined coaxially, to provide a coaxial optic wave guide portion
for insertion within a body cavity.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said coaxial optic wave
guide portion is composed of alternatively wound quartz and glass
optic fibres transmitting the stimulating light and inherent
fluorescence respectively.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said coaxial optic wave
guide means is composed of multibundle quartz optic fibres surrounded by glass optic fibres of 300 to 600 t diameter.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said source is
a mercury vapour lamp.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein means are provided for
focussing the output radiation from said lamp to radiation filter
means disposed in the path of the focussed beam, said filter means
being designed to filter said radiation to provide an output beam
of stimulating light in the 3000 to 4000 A wave band of ultraviolet
light.
13. A method of diagnosing malignant tumours in living tissue com
prising irradiating the living tissue with radiation in the invis
ible spectrum, choosing the wavelength in the said invisible
spectrum necessary to stimulate the living tissue to emit its
inherent fluorescence and analysing the spectrum of said inherent
fluorescence and anlysing the spectrum of said inherent fluorescence
thereby uniquely to determine the presence or absence of malig
nancy in the tissue.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein said wavelength is chosen
to be 3400 + 200 A in the ultraviolet wave band.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein said ultraviolet beam is
directed at 450 to the surface of living tissue, and the beam of
inherent fluorescence transmitted from the said surface at 900
thereto.
16. A medical non-invasive diagnostic method for intrinsic fluores
cence of a malignant tumour that comprises transmitting ultra
violet light by quartz optic fibres to the surface of the living
tissue to stimulate its intrinsic visible light fluorescence,
receiving the fluorescent light by optic fibres, and either or
both electrically processing the received light and displaying an
electrical signal corresponding thereto to detect the presence of
a characteristic peak indicative of a malignant tumour, or
directly observing the colour of intrinsic fluorescence to dis
criminate between normal tissue and malignant tumour fluorescence
colours.
17. A medical non-invasive diagnostic apparatus for intrinsic fluores
cence of a malignant tumour having, in combination, quartz fibre
means for transmitting ultraviolet light to the surface of the
living tissue to stimulate its intrinsic visible light fluorescence,
optic fibres means for receiving the fluorescent light means for
electrically processing the -received light and displaying an
electrical signal corresponding thereto to detect the presence of
a characteristic peak indicative of a malignant tumour while
providing means for directly observing the colour of intrinsic
fluorescence to discriminate between normal tissue and malignant
tumour fluorescence colours.
18. Apparatus for diagnosing malignant tumours in living tissue
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
19. A method of diagnosing malignant tumours in living tissue
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8616511A GB2203831B (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | Apparatus and method for the diagnosis of malignant tumours |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8616511A GB2203831B (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | Apparatus and method for the diagnosis of malignant tumours |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8616511D0 GB8616511D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 |
| GB2203831A true GB2203831A (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| GB2203831B GB2203831B (en) | 1991-02-06 |
Family
ID=10600679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8616511A Expired - Fee Related GB2203831B (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | Apparatus and method for the diagnosis of malignant tumours |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2203831B (en) |
Cited By (26)
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| WO1990006718A1 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | A method for laser induced fluorescence of tissue |
| WO1990012536A1 (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-11-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Spectral diagnosis of diseased tissue |
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| WO1990006718A1 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | A method for laser induced fluorescence of tissue |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8616511D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 |
| GB2203831B (en) | 1991-02-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970707 |