GB2201484A - Piston and piston ring - Google Patents
Piston and piston ring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2201484A GB2201484A GB08803899A GB8803899A GB2201484A GB 2201484 A GB2201484 A GB 2201484A GB 08803899 A GB08803899 A GB 08803899A GB 8803899 A GB8803899 A GB 8803899A GB 2201484 A GB2201484 A GB 2201484A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- piston ring
- nickel
- coating
- radial faces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 241000282337 Nasua nasua Species 0.000 claims 1
- LFYMLMKKOJHYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Al+3].[Ni+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Ni+2] LFYMLMKKOJHYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000907 nickel aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-NJFSPNSNSA-N nickel-61 Chemical compound [61Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001596072 Rimula Species 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical class OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/12—Details
- F16J9/22—Rings for preventing wear of grooves or like seatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
- Y10T29/49252—Multi-element piston making
- Y10T29/49254—Utilizing a high energy beam, e.g., laser, electron beam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
- Y10T29/49256—Piston making with assembly or composite article making
- Y10T29/49263—Piston making with assembly or composite article making by coating or cladding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
- Y10T29/49265—Ring groove forming or finishing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49274—Piston ring or piston packing making
- Y10T29/49281—Piston ring or piston packing making including coating or plating
Description
220 14 ? 4 74 t 1 Piston and Pi. ston Ring The present invention relates
to pistons and piston rings.
It is well-known to provide piston rings with caatings which improve the wear-resistance or compatability Of the working face against an associat, ed cylinder wall and'also the wear-resistance of the piston ring faces which co-operate with the faces of the piston ring groove in the piston-. Coatings such as chromium and molybdenum are frequently used on the face which rubs against the cylinder wall whilst-coatings such as those produced by nitro-carburising arie frequently used on the other working f a c e s.
Simi-larly -i-t is also well-known in the case of aluminium alloy pistons to include inserts cast into the piston such as, for example, Ni-resist cast iron inserts incorporated by the Alfin process. Other techniques which have -'been include local alloying of-the basic piston alloy to w-ear-resistance or the incorporation of porous used enhance - 2.- i k inserts by various pressure casting techniques. A technique for local alloying is described by Hiller in GB 2 026 649 whilst an example of the inclusion of porous inserts is described in US 4 334 507. Other methods of enhancing piston ring-groove performance include surface treatments such as anodising.
Heretofore performing judged on a perfo rmance basis, the best technique of improving wear- resistance of the piston ring groove has been the incorporation of solid Ni-resist cast iron inserts by the Alfin technique. Unfortunately this is also the most expensive technique and adds most weight.
The surface coating techniques such as anodising give good wearresistance for a limited period but the coating eventually wears away allowing the wear rate to rise dramatically.
The porous insert technique, whilst giving good results, is inherently expensive as it necessitates the use of a pressure casting. technique such as squeeze-casting, for example.
Local alloying is economic and gives a significant improvment over thewear rate of the untreated aluminium alloy but has not proved to be as wear-resistant Alfin bonded insert.
a s a n 1 - 3 f A, It h-as now been discovered that unexpectedly superior wear-resistance of both the piston ring faces and the piston ring groove may be achieved by a combination of local alloying of the piston ring groove region and coating of.the piston ring.
According to a first aspect of the present invention a method of reducing wear between the radial faces of a -piston ring and the radial faces of the co-operating piston ring groove in an aluminium - alloy piston comprises the steps_ of locally alloying the region in which the piston ring groove radial faces are located to increase the concentration of at least one strengthening element and coating at. least the co-operating radial faces of a piston ring with a_compatible material.
In -one embo diment of the present invention it has- been found that the local alloying step is advantageously carried out by an energy beam melting and alloying process Preferably an electron-beam melting process may be used as this has been found to produce substantially homogeneously alloyed material with a minimum of defects such as.. for example, oxide inclusions and porosity. Other method,s-such as laser beam me,Iting or TIG welding, for example., may be employed.
k aluminium therewith to compounds, are wire and powder In one preferred embodiment the piston ring groove region may be alloyed with nickel or with an alloy having a r e 1 a t i v e 1 y high nickel content. Nickel and nickel a 1 l oys have been found to be particularly advantageiou-s with alloy piston materials as they readily alloy form hardp wear-resistance intermetallic readily available in suitable forms such as and are economic. Cobalt and cobalt alloys may alternatively be employed as similar properties are produced but, however, the cost of cobalt is significantly greater than nickel.
A nickel content in the range of 5 to 25 wt% has been found to have excellent properties. A preferred range is 8 to 20 wt% whilst the most preferred range is 10 to 17 wt%.
It has surprisingly been found that a piston ring coating also comprising a relatively high proportion of nickel has produced the best wear results when tested in combination with an aluminium alloy piston having a locally alloyed piston ring groove region containing nickel as described above.
A particularly good coating has been found to be one of nickel which also contains phosphorus. The_ phosphorus may in the range from 3 to 15 wt%. A preferred however, may.lie in the range from 8 to 13 wt% of phosphorus.
be present content k 1 0 The piston ring may be coated by any known technique such as, for example, by electro-plating, composite electroplating (eg nickel-alumina, nickel- silicon carbide, cobalt-chromium carbi-de), physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition. It-has been found that the well-known electroless plating technique may advantageously be_ used. Coating s applied by this process 1 have been found to give superior wear-resistance in conjunction with a piston locally alloyed as described above and the technique is very economic to perform.
Piston rings so coated may be heat treated temperature between 300 and 6000C. Preferably the treatment may be for more than 15 minutes preferably be for between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
a s a heat and' more The wear-resistance of anodised aluminium alloy piston material is. very good but due to the coating being thin the life is relatively short. It is considered, however, that anodised coatings, either hard or soft, may be applied to the locally alloyed-piston ring region. Thus even after the anodised coating has been penetrated there is still the wear-resistant locally alloyed material below.
There is also provided according to a second aspect of the present invention a piston and piston ring combination when made by the method of the first aspect.
In order that understood the present invention may be more fully an example will now be described by way of illustration only with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for the local alloying of the piston ring groove region of a pi ston; Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a section through the ring groove region of a locally alloyed piston; and Figure 3 which shows a histogram of wear test results of different material combinations.
Referring now to-Figure 1. A piston 10 to be reinforced is mounted-on a suit.able support apparatus 11 with the piston axis lying in the horizontal plane. Means are provided by a motor and gearbox-unit 12 to rotate the p-iston 10 about its axis, speed control being provided by the control unit 13. The pi-ston 10, support 11 and motor/gearbox unit 12 are all mounted on an X-Y table 14 having control means i 1 1 Q 1 26, to allow precise positioning of the piston 10. A wire feed unit 15 feeds Nickel 61 (trade mark) wire 16 from spool 17 via a flexible feed conduit 18 _to the piston 10. The wire-feed- unit 15 is'controlled by a control unit 19._ The piston and drive apparatus and wire-feed system are all contained within a vacuum chamber 20 having a pumping port 21 connected to a pump (not shown). In the top- of the chamber 20 is a port 22 having a valve 23, the port 22 being- positioned-ve'rtically above the area occupied by the piston _10. A know electron- beam welding apparatus 24 is associated with the chamber 20 via the port 22 such: that when the valve 23 is-displaced, an electron-beam- 25 may impinge = on the desired area of the piston 10.
In operation, a cast 78mm di,ameter piston blank 10, of a known Lo-ex (trade mark) alloy and in the proof turned, solution treated an-d aged condition and having a nominal composition in wtX of:
Cu 1.1 M g 1.2 S i - 12.5 F e 1 max Ni 1.5 max. Kn 0.5 max. Zn 0.5 ma,x. Pb 0,.1 max.
Sn 0.1 max. Ti 0.2 max. Balance is mounted on the support 11. Nickel 61 wire 16 of 0.8mm diameter and nominal composition in wt% of:
N i 93 min. Mn 1 co 1.0 Si 0.75 S 0.01 Cu 0.25 C 0.15 Fe 1 max.
AL 1.5 Ti 2-3.5 P 0.03 is fed from the spool 17 via the feed unit 15 and the conduit 18 to the point on the piston 10 where the molten metal pool 27 will be formed. The chamber 20 is pumped down to 10-3 Torr via the port 21. The valve 23 is displaced and a low power electron-beam 25 from the apparatus 24 is generated to sight the piston 10 with respect to the beam 25. Any necessary pos-itional adjustment is made to the table 14 by the remote control means 26. The piston 10 is then rotated at 2 rev.lmin. and the beam power increased to 50KV and 50 mA to produce a molten pool 27. The wire 16 is fed into the pool 27 at approximately 2 m/min. for one complete revolution, whereupon the wire feed is stopped. The electronbeam power is maintained for one further complete revolution to promote further mixing and alloying and hence homogeneity.
LocaLLy alloyed pistons produced as described typically possess at indicated in Figure 2 a generally V-shaped section 30 of between 35 and 45 sq/mm of alloyed material. The section is substantially free of porosity and also substantiaLLy free of gross intermetaLLic particuLes or V 1 b? 1 1 undissolved pieces of wire. The resulting structure is substantially uniform showing a distribution of fine needles of nickel aLuminides.
Composition analyses on typical areas taken from around the treated periphery-of a piston gave the results shown in the Table.
Area 1 2 3 4 E 1 e m e n t Mg 0.73- 0.69 0.64 0.74 AI 71.06 70.35 71.75 71.14 si 13.79 14.07 14.18 13.94 Fe 0.30 0.41 _0.28 0.36 Ni 12.85 13.01 11.99 12.58 c U 1.28- 1.38 1.15 1.25 Hardness of the alloyed areaproduced in the example lies within the range 150 to 180 VPN.
Piston rings of S.G. iron material were electroless pAated using the following procedure and materials.
(1) Vapour degrease (2) Electroclean - anodic alkaline cleaner 4-6V at 410 AlcIm 2 1-3 mins. at 60-950 c (3) Acid dip - immerse in 20-30% hydrochloric acid-rinse (4) Ni strike- - rinse (5) Electroless Ni plate (85-9500 30-60 mins.
Temperature and pH control vary composition of coating.
The coating produced had a composition in wt% of Ni 91% P 9%. Coating carried out at 900C pH 5.0 in Nifoss 3000 (trade mark).
The plated rings were heat treated at 4000C for 1 hour The samples of the prepared materials were then tested under the conditions described below to determine the wear-resistance of the mating surfaces.
Other material combinations were also tested under the same conditions. The results of these wear tests are given in the histogram of Figure 3.
1 J 11 v Test conditions were: Pi-n on Flat Boundary Wear Test -Frequency Stroke Load Temperature Oi 1.
16.67 Hz 0. 5mm 6 kg 2 0 c Rimula x 30 (trade ma-rk) -The pin was 6mm diameter having a rounded end of.25mm radius of curvature.
The different piston groove materials were:
(1) Alfin = Ni-rest austenitic cast iron.
(2) Hyp.Al. Hypereutectic aluminium-silicon piston al loy.
(3) Hyp.AL+Ni As (2) plus local alloying with _Ni by electron"beam mel-ting.
(4) Lo-ex = Eutectic alumin ium-silicon piston alloy.
(5) Lo-ex + -Ni = As (4) plus local alloying with Ni by electron-beam melting.
(6) Hard Anodised = As (4) treated by hard anodising.
(7)- Soft Anodised =.As (4) treated by soft anodising.
The different piston ring materials were:
(8) Electroless Nickel Electroless nickel/phosphorus as described.
p 1 a t e d m 1 12 - (9) Nitro-carburised = Nitro-carburised S.G. iron.
(10) Standard S.G. iron piston ring material - as commonly used in many piston ring applications.
As may be seen from Figure 3 the combination of locally alloyed Lo-ex (5) with the electroless nickel plated ring material (8) gave wear results which were superior to all other combinations except electroless nickel against soft anodised Lo-ex (7). The latter materials, however, is only a thin coating and the life of such a coating is relatively short.
Although a 11 o y i n g a pressure reinforcement f a 11 s w i t h i n t h e not locally-alloyed by a localised melting and process as described above it is considered that cast piston having a porous ring groove substituted for the locally alloyed region scope of the invention. The porous reinforcement may., for example, comprise a sintered nickel-containing stainless steel or other nickel-containing alloy body. The body may be incorporated by, for example, squeeze-casting.
Subsequent heat-treatment of the cast piston may generate wear-resistant nickel aluminide in the ring groove region which in combination with a piston ri ng as described above may also-produce superior wear-resistance.
a l R The technique of squeeze-casting of a particular piston may be d-esirable for other reasons, for example, to incorporate a ceramic _fibre reinforcement in the region of the combustion. bowl. The' incorporation of a porous -ring groove - reinforcement would, therefore, in such circumstances be the most economic route i ill i
Claims (1)
1.
A method of reducing wear between the radial faces of a piston ring and the radial faces of the co-operating piston ring groove in an aluminium alloy piston, the method comprising the steps of locally alloying at least.the region in which the piston ring groove radial faces are located to increase the concentration of at least one strengthening element and coating at least the co-operating radial faces of a piston ring with a compatible material.
A method according to Claim 1 wherein the local alloying, is carried out by an energy beam melting and alloying process.
3. A method according to Claim 2 wherein the energy beam is an electronbeam.
4. A method according to Claim 2 wherein the energy beam is a laser beam.
A method according to any one preceding claim wherein the piston is locally alloyed with nickel or a nickel-containing alloy.
a - 1 q - A:- A method according to any one claim from 1 to 4 wherein the piston is locally alloyed with cobalt or a cobalt-containing alloy.
A method according to either Claim 5 or C 1 a i m 6 wherein the content of Ni or Co in the locally alloyed region lies in the range from 5 to 25 wt%.
8. -A method according to either Claim 5 or Claim 6 wherein the content of NI or Co lies in the range from 8 to 20 wt%.
9. A method according to either Claim 5 or Claim 6 wherein- the content of Ni or Co lies in the range from 10 to 17 wt%,. - 10. A method according to any one preceding claim wherein the piston ring is coated with a material having a relatively high content of Ni.
11. A method acco-rding to any one preceding claim from 1 to 9 where in the piston ring is coated with a material having a relatively high content of Co.
12. A method according to Claim 10 wherein the piston ring coati:ng comprises a nickel alloy having from 3 to 15 wt% phosphorus therein.
13. A method according to Claim 10 wherein the piston ring coating comprises a nickel alloy having from 8 to 13 wt% phosphorus therein.
11 nQ 14. A method according to any one claim from Claim 10 to Claim 13 wherein the piston ring coating is deposited by the technique of electroless plating.
15. A method according to any one of Claims 12 to 14 wherein the piston ring is heat treated after coating.
16. A method according to Claim 15 wherein the heat treatment lies in the temperature range from 300 to 600 0 C for more than 15 minutes.
17. A method according to any one claim from 1 to 9 wherein the piston ring has a composite eLectro-pLated coating thereon.
18. A method according to Claim 17 wherein the composite coating is selected from the group comprising nickel-aluminium oxide, nickel-siticon carbide and cobalt-chronium carbide.
z f. ' t k 19. A method according to any one claim from 1 to 9 wherein the piston ring is coated by a physical vapour deposition process.
20. A method according to any one preceding claim wherein the piton ring groove faces in th.e locally 1 alloyed region in the pisto,n are anodised.
t 21. A method according to any one preceding claim from 1 to 20 wherein the piston comprises an aluminium-silicon alloy of substantially eutectic composition.
22. A method of reducing wear between the radial faces of a piston ring and the radial faces of the co-operating piston ring groove in an aluminium alloy piston, the method comprising the steps of incorporating a po-rous insert into the.piston ring -groove region by a pressure casting technique and coating at least the co-operating radial faces of a piston ring with a compatible material.
A method according to Claim 22 wherein the porous insert -c-omprises a sintered nickel-containing alloy body.
1 1 1 A method according to either Claim 22 or Claim 23 wherein the pressure casting technique is a squeeze-casting technique.
25. A method according to any one of Claims 22 to 24 wherein the piston is heat-treated after squeeze-casting.
26. A piston and piston ring when made by the method of any one of Claims 1 to 25.
A method of reducing wear between the radial faces of a piston ring and the radial faces of the co-operating piston ring groove in an aluminium alloy piston substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying specification and drawings.
28. A piston and piston ring substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying specification and drawings.
Published 1988 at The Patent OVIce, State House. 68/71 High Holborn, London WClR 4TP. Further eoples may be obtained from The Patent Offloe, Sales Branch, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD. Printed by Multiplex techniques ltd, St Mary Cray, Kent Con. 1/87.
l t 5Z Q
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878704325A GB8704325D0 (en) | 1987-02-24 | 1987-02-24 | Piston & ring |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8803899D0 GB8803899D0 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| GB2201484A true GB2201484A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
| GB2201484B GB2201484B (en) | 1991-09-04 |
Family
ID=10612847
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878704325A Pending GB8704325D0 (en) | 1987-02-24 | 1987-02-24 | Piston & ring |
| GB8803899A Expired - Fee Related GB2201484B (en) | 1987-02-24 | 1988-02-19 | Piston and piston ring |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878704325A Pending GB8704325D0 (en) | 1987-02-24 | 1987-02-24 | Piston & ring |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5743012A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0284118B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3861882D1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8704325D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752720C2 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2000-07-06 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Process for producing an oil scraper ring |
| DE19809659C1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-23 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Process for the production of piston rings |
| US5970617A (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 1999-10-26 | Chang; Jung-Hsien | Stepped tree pruner |
| DE19851424A1 (en) * | 1998-11-07 | 2000-05-11 | Nagel Masch Werkzeug | Piston ring used for I.C. engines consists of a multiphase material in the region of the ring outer surface containing finely divided hard material particles in a matrix |
| DE10045174B4 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2004-03-11 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Method of making a piston |
| SE521471C2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2003-11-04 | Koncentra Holding Ab | Piston ring and coating on a piston ring comprising a composite material of a ceramic and an intermetallic compound |
| US6606983B2 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2003-08-19 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Ferrous pistons for diesel engines having EGR coating |
| JP2004092714A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Combination of piston and piston ring |
| US7051645B2 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-05-30 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Piston for an engine |
| DE102008048978A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-02 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Reinforcing an annular groove of a piston for an internal combustion engine |
| DE102009002653B3 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-05-27 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Method and device for producing a piston for an internal combustion engine and piston for an internal combustion engine |
| CN104040225A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-09-10 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Piston ring with a wear-resistant cobalt coating |
| US20140014061A1 (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | High-phosphorous electroless nickel (hfen) treatment for bushingless connecting rod |
| BR102013019686B1 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2020-11-03 | Mahle Metal Leve S/A | piston ring and its manufacturing process |
| CN109332891B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-15 | 佛山市宏石激光技术有限公司 | Laser welding method of inner-cooling insert ring |
| DE102019133522B4 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-04-20 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Method of manufacturing a piston for an internal combustion engine and Pistons for an internal combustion engine |
| DE102020210036B4 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2022-06-09 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Method of manufacturing a piston for an internal combustion engine and Pistons for an internal combustion engine |
| CN116783416A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2023-09-19 | 万腾荣公司 | Piston ring groove embedded ring and manufacturing method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1326480A (en) * | 1971-12-31 | 1973-08-15 | Trw Inc | Piston ring grooves |
| GB1449162A (en) * | 1973-05-25 | 1976-09-15 | Wellworthy Ltd | Method for reinforcing pistons |
| GB1501342A (en) * | 1975-09-02 | 1978-02-15 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Aluminium piston with reinforced piston ring grooves and method of making same |
| GB2023765A (en) * | 1978-05-16 | 1980-01-03 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Pistons |
| GB2026649A (en) * | 1978-08-11 | 1980-02-06 | Steigerwald Stahltechink Gmbh | Piston having at least one piston ring groove |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1069875A (en) * | 1963-07-19 | 1967-05-24 | Hepworth & Grandage Ltd | Improvements in or relating to piston rings |
| GB1132351A (en) * | 1965-01-07 | 1968-10-30 | Wellworthy Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sealing rings, particularly piston rings |
| GB1309752A (en) * | 1969-04-24 | 1973-03-14 | Hepworth & Grandage Ltd | Piston rings |
| GB1257757A (en) * | 1970-07-29 | 1971-12-22 | ||
| US3936295A (en) * | 1973-01-10 | 1976-02-03 | Koppers Company, Inc. | Bearing members having coated wear surfaces |
| DE2639294C2 (en) * | 1976-09-01 | 1982-05-13 | Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Pressed aluminum piston for internal combustion engines with inserts made of a different material |
| JPS5425232A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1979-02-26 | Riken Piston Ring Ind Co Ltd | Sliding parts having wearrresistant jet coated layer |
| DE3029420C2 (en) * | 1980-08-02 | 1982-05-19 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Piston rings for internal combustion engines |
| US4432313A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1984-02-21 | Trw Inc. | Aluminum base material with hard facing deposit |
| JPS6088848A (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-05-18 | Riken Corp | Combination of piston and piston ring |
-
1987
- 1987-02-24 GB GB878704325A patent/GB8704325D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-02-19 EP EP88200300A patent/EP0284118B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-19 GB GB8803899A patent/GB2201484B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-19 DE DE8888200300T patent/DE3861882D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-08-16 US US08/106,759 patent/US5743012A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1326480A (en) * | 1971-12-31 | 1973-08-15 | Trw Inc | Piston ring grooves |
| GB1449162A (en) * | 1973-05-25 | 1976-09-15 | Wellworthy Ltd | Method for reinforcing pistons |
| GB1501342A (en) * | 1975-09-02 | 1978-02-15 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Aluminium piston with reinforced piston ring grooves and method of making same |
| GB2023765A (en) * | 1978-05-16 | 1980-01-03 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Pistons |
| GB2026649A (en) * | 1978-08-11 | 1980-02-06 | Steigerwald Stahltechink Gmbh | Piston having at least one piston ring groove |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8803899D0 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| DE3861882D1 (en) | 1991-04-11 |
| EP0284118B1 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| EP0284118A3 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| GB8704325D0 (en) | 1987-04-01 |
| US5743012A (en) | 1998-04-28 |
| GB2201484B (en) | 1991-09-04 |
| EP0284118A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20010219 |