GB2198628A - Textile armour - Google Patents
Textile armour Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2198628A GB2198628A GB08630460A GB8630460A GB2198628A GB 2198628 A GB2198628 A GB 2198628A GB 08630460 A GB08630460 A GB 08630460A GB 8630460 A GB8630460 A GB 8630460A GB 2198628 A GB2198628 A GB 2198628A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- textile
- armour
- textile armour
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000561 Twaron Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004762 twaron Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
- F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/744—Non-slip, anti-slip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
In textile armour to protect against projectiles it has been found that the outer layers slow the projectile down by breaking of the yarn or fibre of the layer, whereas the inner layers stop the projectile by absorbing its energy by fibre or yarn slippage. The present invention provides textile armour in which one or more inner layers is more resistant to yarn slippage than one or more outer layers.
Description
TEXTILE ARMOUR
The present invention relates to textile armour comprising layers of woven textiles which has improved ballistic performance.
Textile armour, such as a fragmentation-resistant jacket, is commonly made from a plurality of textile layers, typically using about 20 layers of material. The fibres used in the textile of such armour are typically high strength, high modulus fibres such as aramids (aromatic polyamides) e.g. those sold under the trade marks Kevlar,
Twaron and HM50, or materials such as nylon, glass, polypropylene, polyethylene or polybenzothiazole. Commonly the fibres are spun into yarns which are woven to give the textile material used.
Such textile armour is generally used to protect the wearer against projectiles such as low velocity bullets and flying fragments. Research has shown that when a projectile is stopped by such multi-layer textile armour, the outer and inner layers function differently in stopping the projectile. In the front or outer layers, the yarn breaks, allowing the projectile through but slowing it down, whereas the back or inner layers act to stop the projectile by absorbing energy and in doing so the yarns slip slightly.
When textile armour fails i.e. the projectile breaks through all the layers, this is often due to excessive side-ways slippage of the yarns in the inner layers of textile.
Accordingly, the present invention provides textile armour for protection against projectiles comprising a plurality of textile layers comprising fibres in which one or more of the inner layers is more resistant to fibre slippage than one or more of the outer layers when the armour is hit by a projectile.
The reduction in fibre slippage in an inner layer can be achieved in several ways:
(i) the inner layer of the textile may be impregnated with a resin; this may be done for example by pre-impregnating yarn which forms the textile, or melting a thermoplastic sheet onto the surface of the layer in which fibre slippage is to be reduced; resins which may be used include: [EXAMPLES OF RESINS]
(ii) compressed felt may be used as an inner layer; this is particularly good at stopping projectiles which are small fragments such as are commonly produced by many modern weapons; a stronger felt, i.e. one with less fibre slippage may be produced by needle-punching the felt, that is to say using needles to draw or push some of the felt fibres across the median plane of the felt;
(iii) inner layer which comprises yarns woven in the usual way i.e. with a warp and a weft may be replaced by a layer in which the yarns are woven in a leno weave; in such a weave the warp yarns are twisted together in pairs between the weft yarns, or the weave contains extra yarns woven across the warp and/or weft yarns producing a tightly woven textile in which the weave has a locking structure which reduces the fibre slippage;
(iv) the inner layer may be made from nylon which has greater frictional properties than e.g. Kevlar; preferably the nylon yarn is woven tightly so that there is very little slippage.
Textile armour may incorporate several layers whose resistivity to fibre slippage has been increased in different ways.
The inner layers described in (i), (ii) and (iii) above may be made from any fibres known to be used in textiles used in armour e.g. aramids, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polybenzothiazole.
Typically multi-layer textile armour contains about 20 layers of textile material. In such armour in which one or more inner layers is more resistant to fibre slippage, preferably 40 to 60% e.g. 8 to 12 of the layers are of the more resistant type. For example armour may be made from ten layers of Kevlar in front of ten layers of tightly woven nylon. This will give a similar ballistic performance to textile armour comprising 20 layers of Kevlar but is much cheaper to produce and more reliable. The nylon layers may be, say, the ten innermost layers or they may be interleaved with Kevlar layers.
Preferably the inner layers which are more resistant to fibre slippage allow some very slight movement of the fibres to prevent too great a shock from the projectile reaching the wearer of the armour.
The layers making up the textile armour may be sewn together and armour of this type is particularly suited for protection against low velocity bullets, but it is preferred that the layers are not sewn together if the armour is to be used e.g. to protect against flying fragments.
Claims (12)
1. Textile armour for protection against projectiles, comprising a plurality of textile layers in which one or more of the inner layers is more resistant to fibre slippage than one or more of the outer layers when the armour is hit by a projectile.
2. Textile armour as claimed in claim 1 in which a slip-resistant inner layer is a layer of woven yarns, and is impregnated with a resin.
3. Textile armour as claimed in claim 1 in which a slip-resistant inner layer is a layer of woven yarns which has a thermoplastic sheet melted onto its surface.
4. Textile armour as claimed in claim 1 in which a slip-resistant inner layer comprises yarns woven with a leno weave.
5. Textile armour as claimed in claim 1 in which a slip-resistant inner layer is felt.
6. Textile armour as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the fibres of the-slip-resistant inner layer or layers comprise an aramid, nylon, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene or polybenzothiazole.
7. Textile armour in which a resistant inner layer is a layer of nylon yarns woven together.
8. Textile armour as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which fibres of the outer layer or layers comprise an aramid, nylon, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene or polybenzothiazole.
9. Textile armour as claimed in any one o the preceding claims in which 40 to 60% of the textile layers are inner layers of greater resistance to fibre slippage than the other outer 60 to 40% of layers.
10. Textile armour as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the layers are sewn together.
11. Textile armour according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the inner layers comprise interleaved layers of higher and lower resistance to fibre slippage.
12. Textile armour according to claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08630460A GB2198628A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Textile armour |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08630460A GB2198628A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Textile armour |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8630460D0 GB8630460D0 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
| GB2198628A true GB2198628A (en) | 1988-06-22 |
Family
ID=10609331
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08630460A Pending GB2198628A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Textile armour |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2198628A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993004336A2 (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-03-04 | Coppage Edward A Jr | Protective fabric |
| FR2697626A1 (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1994-05-06 | Gallet Sa | Armoured material, esp. for protective helmet - has several layers of filaments in different directions, impregnated or coated with a resin matrix |
| GB2276933A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-10-12 | Courtaulds Aerospace Ltd | Composite ballistic armour |
| ES2064187A2 (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1995-01-16 | Gil Rafael Ferrer | Process for making bullet-proof vests |
| ES2073374A2 (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-08-01 | Parafly Sa | New polylaminar arrangement applicable to the manufacture of ballistic and anti-fragment protection. |
| WO1996013696A1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-09 | Parafly, S.A. | Laminated material for bullet-proof jackets |
| US5619748A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1997-04-15 | Safariland Ltd., Inc. | Ballistic vest |
| US5724670A (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-03-10 | Safariland Ltd., Inc. | Multi-component ballistic vest |
| WO1998026924A2 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Bps Bowas Protection Systems Ges.M.B.H. & Co. Kg. | Layered bullet-resistant and shock-resistant material |
| US5926842A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1999-07-27 | Safariland Ltd., Inc. | Ballistic vest |
| WO2000018573A1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-04-06 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| WO2000037876A1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| US6162746A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-12-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| WO2002059412A2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-01 | Auburn University | Impact absorbing material |
| DE102004022848A1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2005-12-01 | Busch, Egon, Dipl.-Ing. | Ballistic protective armor as well as ballistic protective helmet and protective vest |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3891996A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1975-07-01 | Burlington Industries Inc | Ballistic vest |
| US4200677A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1980-04-29 | Emilio Bottini | Bullet-proof composite material mouldable into flat and curved plates or into hollow bodies of complex shape |
| US4287607A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1981-09-08 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Ballistic vests |
| US4413357A (en) * | 1979-11-07 | 1983-11-08 | Michael Sacks | Protective shields |
| GB2124887A (en) * | 1982-06-19 | 1984-02-29 | Personnel Armoured Designs Lim | Protective shield |
| EP0122857A1 (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-24 | Daniel Moriceau | Bullet-resistant multilayered structure |
| GB2144973A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-03-20 | Figgie Int Inc | Ballistic resistant armour panel and method of constructing the same |
-
1986
- 1986-12-19 GB GB08630460A patent/GB2198628A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3891996A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1975-07-01 | Burlington Industries Inc | Ballistic vest |
| US4200677A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1980-04-29 | Emilio Bottini | Bullet-proof composite material mouldable into flat and curved plates or into hollow bodies of complex shape |
| US4287607A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1981-09-08 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Ballistic vests |
| US4413357A (en) * | 1979-11-07 | 1983-11-08 | Michael Sacks | Protective shields |
| GB2124887A (en) * | 1982-06-19 | 1984-02-29 | Personnel Armoured Designs Lim | Protective shield |
| EP0122857A1 (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-24 | Daniel Moriceau | Bullet-resistant multilayered structure |
| GB2144973A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-03-20 | Figgie Int Inc | Ballistic resistant armour panel and method of constructing the same |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993004336A2 (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-03-04 | Coppage Edward A Jr | Protective fabric |
| WO1993004336A3 (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-08-05 | Edward A Coppage Jr | Protective fabric |
| US5395671A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1995-03-07 | Coppage, Jr.; Edward A. | Protective fabric |
| ES2064187A2 (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1995-01-16 | Gil Rafael Ferrer | Process for making bullet-proof vests |
| FR2697626A1 (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1994-05-06 | Gallet Sa | Armoured material, esp. for protective helmet - has several layers of filaments in different directions, impregnated or coated with a resin matrix |
| GB2276933A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-10-12 | Courtaulds Aerospace Ltd | Composite ballistic armour |
| GB2276933B (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1997-01-08 | Courtaulds Aerospace Ltd | Composite ballistic armour |
| US5619748A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1997-04-15 | Safariland Ltd., Inc. | Ballistic vest |
| ES2073374A2 (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-08-01 | Parafly Sa | New polylaminar arrangement applicable to the manufacture of ballistic and anti-fragment protection. |
| WO1996013696A1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-09 | Parafly, S.A. | Laminated material for bullet-proof jackets |
| US5926842A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1999-07-27 | Safariland Ltd., Inc. | Ballistic vest |
| US5724670A (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-03-10 | Safariland Ltd., Inc. | Multi-component ballistic vest |
| WO1998026924A3 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-08-13 | Bps Bowas Prot Systems G | Layered bullet-resistant and shock-resistant material |
| WO1998026924A2 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Bps Bowas Protection Systems Ges.M.B.H. & Co. Kg. | Layered bullet-resistant and shock-resistant material |
| WO2000018573A1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-04-06 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| US6147018A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-11-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| US6162746A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-12-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| WO2000037876A1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| AU755697B2 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| EP1496331A1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2005-01-12 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid protective composite |
| WO2002059412A2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-01 | Auburn University | Impact absorbing material |
| WO2002059412A3 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-02-06 | Univ Auburn | Impact absorbing material |
| US6846545B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2005-01-25 | Auburn University | Impact absorbing material |
| DE102004022848A1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2005-12-01 | Busch, Egon, Dipl.-Ing. | Ballistic protective armor as well as ballistic protective helmet and protective vest |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8630460D0 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
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