GB2196568A - A metal-ceramic seal - Google Patents

A metal-ceramic seal Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2196568A
GB2196568A GB08723321A GB8723321A GB2196568A GB 2196568 A GB2196568 A GB 2196568A GB 08723321 A GB08723321 A GB 08723321A GB 8723321 A GB8723321 A GB 8723321A GB 2196568 A GB2196568 A GB 2196568A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
metal
ceramic oxide
layer
oxidisable
metal body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08723321A
Other versions
GB2196568B (en
GB8723321D0 (en
Inventor
Klaus Bente
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fischer and Porter GmbH
Original Assignee
Fischer and Porter GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fischer and Porter GmbH filed Critical Fischer and Porter GmbH
Publication of GB8723321D0 publication Critical patent/GB8723321D0/en
Publication of GB2196568A publication Critical patent/GB2196568A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2196568B publication Critical patent/GB2196568B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/584—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters constructions of electrodes, accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/122—Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/123—Metallic interlayers based on iron group metals, e.g. steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/125—Metallic interlayers based on noble metals, e.g. silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/403—Refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/60—Forming at the joining interface or in the joining layer specific reaction phases or zones, e.g. diffusion of reactive species from the interlayer to the substrate or from a substrate to the joining interface, carbide forming at the joining interface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

In a method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body, for example a platinum wire, and a ceramic oxide body, for example a sintered Al2O3 body, for example in the production of a measuring tube for a magnetic-induction flowmeter, the metal body, at least on those parts which are to be joined to the ceramic oxide body, is provided with a layer of an oxidisable metal, for example Al, Ni, Cr, or Fe, which layer is oxidised either before or during sintering of the metal body to the ceramic oxide body. When the metal layer is oxidised it increases in thickness to give a more powerful clamping of the metal body by the ceramic oxide body. The metal layer may be applied to the metal body by vapour deposition or electrodeposition.

Description

SPECIFICATION A metal-ceramic seal The invention relates to a method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body.
For magnetic-induction flowmeters it is known to produce measuring tubes from sintered Al203, and to sinter platinum wires to serve as electrodes in the wall of such tubes.
The procedure for this is as follows: 1. The starting materials for the production of the measuring tube (Al203 etc.) are pelletised with the addition of organic compounds.
2. The measuring tube is coarsely formed from the pelletised starting material by isostatic moulding.
3. Subsequently, the measuring tube is finely machined mechanically and the wall of the measuring tube is bored to form holes for the insertion of the electrodes.
4. The measuring tube with the electrodes inserted in the holes is sintered at temperatures just below the melting temperature of the electrode material.
Attempts have been made to achieve a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between the metal electrodes and measuring tube ceramic oxide material by relying on the mechanically clamping of the electrodes as a resuit of shrinkage of the ceramic oxide material during the sintering operation. Sometimes this procedure has been successful but very frequently it has not been so. In any case high proportions of waste arise.
According to this invention there is provided a method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body into which the metal body is sintered, in which the metal body, at least on those parts which are to be joined to the ceramic oxide body, is provided with a layer of an oxidisable metal.
The invention provides a method of producing a joint, which has an extremely low proportion of waste, if any at all, while making it possible to achieve a reliable vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint.
As a result of the method a direct interface is formed between the metal body, for example a platinum wire, and the layer of oxidisable metal. Before or during any subsequent sintering operation, the oxidisable metal layer is oxidised, and thus undergoes an increase in thickness which counteracts, from a geometrical aspect, any simultaneous shrinking of the ceramic oxide body, to give a more powerful mechanical clamping of the metal body. The powerful mechanical clamping of the metal body, which is thereby achieved, is further increased by the sintering together of the oxidised layer and the ceramic oxide body.
A particularly intimate transition between the oxidisable metal layer and the metal body can be achieved if the oxidisable metal layer is vapour deposited in a high vacuum on to the metal body, to given an oxidisable metal layer with a thickness of, for example, up to 0.002mm.
This can be achieved by vapour deposition of a high purity oxidisable metal (99.99%), for example Al, Ni, Cr or Fe, at a vacuum of greater than 10 exp-8 bar.
Otherwise the oxidisabie metal layer can be applied by electrodeposition, to give a thickness of, for example, up to 0.1 mum, and in particular about 0.02mm.
As mentioned above, the ceramic oxide body can be sintered Al2O3, and the metal body can be a platinum wire.
The layer of oxidisable metal can be oxidised prior to joining of the metal body to the ceramic oxide body, or otherwise it can be oxidised as the metal body is joined to the ceramic oxide body by sintering.
If, for example, a magnetic-induction flow meter is being produced, then the ceramic oxide body can be a tube, the metal body being secured in a hole in the wall of the tube.
1. A method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body into which the metal body is sintered, in which the metal body, at least on those parts which are to be joined to the ceramic oxide body, is provided with a layer of an oxidisable metal.
2. A method according to Claim 1, in which the oxidisable metal layer is vapour-deposited in a high vacuum on to the metal body.
3. A method according to Claim 1, in which the oxidisable metal layer is applied by electro-deposition.
4. A method according to claim 2, in which the oxidisable metal layer has a thickness of up to 0.002mm.
5. A method according to Claim 3, in which the layer of oxidisable metal has a thickness of up to 0.1 mum.
6. A method according to Claim 5, in which the layer of oxidisable metal has a thickness of about 0.02mm.
7. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the oxidisable metal is Al, Ni, Cr, or Fe.
8. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the ceramic oxide body is of sintered Al2O3.
9. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the metal body is a platinum wire.
10. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the layer of oxidisable metal is oxidised prior to joining of the metal body to the ceramic oxide body.
11. A method as claimed in any one of
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (13)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION A metal-ceramic seal The invention relates to a method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body. For magnetic-induction flowmeters it is known to produce measuring tubes from sintered Al203, and to sinter platinum wires to serve as electrodes in the wall of such tubes. The procedure for this is as follows: 1. The starting materials for the production of the measuring tube (Al203 etc.) are pelletised with the addition of organic compounds. 2. The measuring tube is coarsely formed from the pelletised starting material by isostatic moulding. 3. Subsequently, the measuring tube is finely machined mechanically and the wall of the measuring tube is bored to form holes for the insertion of the electrodes. 4. The measuring tube with the electrodes inserted in the holes is sintered at temperatures just below the melting temperature of the electrode material. Attempts have been made to achieve a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between the metal electrodes and measuring tube ceramic oxide material by relying on the mechanically clamping of the electrodes as a resuit of shrinkage of the ceramic oxide material during the sintering operation. Sometimes this procedure has been successful but very frequently it has not been so. In any case high proportions of waste arise. According to this invention there is provided a method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body into which the metal body is sintered, in which the metal body, at least on those parts which are to be joined to the ceramic oxide body, is provided with a layer of an oxidisable metal. The invention provides a method of producing a joint, which has an extremely low proportion of waste, if any at all, while making it possible to achieve a reliable vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint. As a result of the method a direct interface is formed between the metal body, for example a platinum wire, and the layer of oxidisable metal. Before or during any subsequent sintering operation, the oxidisable metal layer is oxidised, and thus undergoes an increase in thickness which counteracts, from a geometrical aspect, any simultaneous shrinking of the ceramic oxide body, to give a more powerful mechanical clamping of the metal body. The powerful mechanical clamping of the metal body, which is thereby achieved, is further increased by the sintering together of the oxidised layer and the ceramic oxide body. A particularly intimate transition between the oxidisable metal layer and the metal body can be achieved if the oxidisable metal layer is vapour deposited in a high vacuum on to the metal body, to given an oxidisable metal layer with a thickness of, for example, up to 0.002mm. This can be achieved by vapour deposition of a high purity oxidisable metal (99.99%), for example Al, Ni, Cr or Fe, at a vacuum of greater than 10 exp-8 bar. Otherwise the oxidisabie metal layer can be applied by electrodeposition, to give a thickness of, for example, up to 0.1 mum, and in particular about 0.02mm. As mentioned above, the ceramic oxide body can be sintered Al2O3, and the metal body can be a platinum wire. The layer of oxidisable metal can be oxidised prior to joining of the metal body to the ceramic oxide body, or otherwise it can be oxidised as the metal body is joined to the ceramic oxide body by sintering. If, for example, a magnetic-induction flow meter is being produced, then the ceramic oxide body can be a tube, the metal body being secured in a hole in the wall of the tube. CLAIMS
1. A method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body into which the metal body is sintered, in which the metal body, at least on those parts which are to be joined to the ceramic oxide body, is provided with a layer of an oxidisable metal.
2. A method according to Claim 1, in which the oxidisable metal layer is vapour-deposited in a high vacuum on to the metal body.
3. A method according to Claim 1, in which the oxidisable metal layer is applied by electro-deposition.
4. A method according to claim 2, in which the oxidisable metal layer has a thickness of up to 0.002mm.
5. A method according to Claim 3, in which the layer of oxidisable metal has a thickness of up to 0.1 mum.
6. A method according to Claim 5, in which the layer of oxidisable metal has a thickness of about 0.02mm.
7. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the oxidisable metal is Al, Ni, Cr, or Fe.
8. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the ceramic oxide body is of sintered Al2O3.
9. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the metal body is a platinum wire.
10. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the layer of oxidisable metal is oxidised prior to joining of the metal body to the ceramic oxide body.
11. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the layer of oxidisable metal is oxidised as the metal body is joined to the ceramic oxide body by sintering.
12. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the ceramic oxide body is a tube, the metal body being secured in a hole in the wall of the tube.
13. A method of producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight joint between a metal body and a ceramic oxide body, substantially as hereinbefore described by way of example.
GB8723321A 1986-10-09 1987-10-05 A metal-ceramic seal Expired - Fee Related GB2196568B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863634492 DE3634492C2 (en) 1986-10-09 1986-10-09 Method for producing a vacuum-tight and pressure-tight connection between a body made of metal and a body made of sintered oxide ceramic

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8723321D0 GB8723321D0 (en) 1987-11-11
GB2196568A true GB2196568A (en) 1988-05-05
GB2196568B GB2196568B (en) 1991-03-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8723321A Expired - Fee Related GB2196568B (en) 1986-10-09 1987-10-05 A metal-ceramic seal

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE3634492C2 (en)
GB (1) GB2196568B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0434312A2 (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-06-26 General Electric Company Bonding a conductor to a substrate
US5273203A (en) * 1989-12-21 1993-12-28 General Electric Company Ceramic-to-conducting-lead hermetic seal
EP1404517B1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2017-11-15 Alfred E. Mann Foundation for Scientific Research Application and manufacturing method for a zirconia ceramic to titanium alloy metal seal

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3706582A (en) * 1968-09-20 1972-12-19 Gte Sylvania Inc Glass frit-ceramic powder composition
GB1409867A (en) * 1972-08-28 1975-10-15 Buckbee Mears Co Bonding of members to ceramic articles
EP0080535B1 (en) * 1981-11-27 1985-08-28 Krohne AG Measuring head for an electro-magnetic flow meter
US4500383A (en) * 1982-02-18 1985-02-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Process for bonding copper or copper-chromium alloy to ceramics, and bonded articles of ceramics and copper or copper-chromium alloy
DE3318585A1 (en) * 1983-05-21 1984-11-22 Friedrichsfeld Gmbh, Steinzeug- Und Kunststoffwerke, 6800 Mannheim Process for making a vacuum-tight bond, and a composite produced thereby

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0434312A2 (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-06-26 General Electric Company Bonding a conductor to a substrate
EP0434312A3 (en) * 1989-12-21 1992-11-19 General Electric Company Bonding a conductor to a substrate
US5241216A (en) * 1989-12-21 1993-08-31 General Electric Company Ceramic-to-conducting-lead hermetic seal
US5273203A (en) * 1989-12-21 1993-12-28 General Electric Company Ceramic-to-conducting-lead hermetic seal
EP1404517B1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2017-11-15 Alfred E. Mann Foundation for Scientific Research Application and manufacturing method for a zirconia ceramic to titanium alloy metal seal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2196568B (en) 1991-03-27
DE3634492C2 (en) 1995-04-13
DE3634492A1 (en) 1988-04-14
GB8723321D0 (en) 1987-11-11

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20051005