GB2195339A - Refining of wax alcohols - Google Patents
Refining of wax alcohols Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2195339A GB2195339A GB08622966A GB8622966A GB2195339A GB 2195339 A GB2195339 A GB 2195339A GB 08622966 A GB08622966 A GB 08622966A GB 8622966 A GB8622966 A GB 8622966A GB 2195339 A GB2195339 A GB 2195339A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- wax alcohols
- mixture
- calcium
- soaps
- refining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B11/00—Recovery or refining of other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
- C11B11/005—Lanolin; Woolfat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A method of extracting and refining wax alcohols, particularly wool wax alcohols, from a mixture containing the same comprises dissolving the mixture in alcohol at elevated temperatures, adding an ethanolic calcium salt to the hot solution to precipitate calcium soaps and filtering off the precipitated soaps. Preferably the excess calcium ions are removed from the filtrate by treating with carbon dioxide. After this the alcohol can be boiled off to yield pure wax alcohols.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Refining of wool wax alcohols
This invention relates to the extraction and refining of wax alcohols in particular of wool waxalcohols.
Wool wax alcohols are produced by the saponification of wool grease with an alakline reagent. Previously this reaction was carried out in aqueous alcohol at elevated temperatures for extended periods of time, for example up to eight hours under reflux. Our
UK patent publication No. 2170507 discloses an improved process of saponifying wool grease employing phase transfer catalysts and ultrasonic energy in order to speed up the process.
In either case the final reaction mixture obtained is normally extracted with petroleum spirit or hexane at temperatures of 50 or 60it:. for up to ten times to remove all the wool wax alcohols into the petroleum solvent phase and leave the sodium fatty acid esters (sodium soaps) in the aqueous alcohol phase.
This extraction procedure can lead to impurities in the wool wax alcohols, for example sodium soaps being present, and is in any event tedious and inconvenient.
The invention seeks to provide an improved method of extracting and refining wax alcohols.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of extracting and refining wax alcohols from a mixture containing wax alcohols which comprises dissolving the mixture in alcohol at elevated temperature, adding an ethanolic calcium salt to the hot solution to precipitate calcium soaps, filtering off precipitated soaps and, optionally, removing excess calcium ions by treating with carbon dioxide.
After filtering any precipitated calcium carbonate from the last step the mixture can be evaporated to yield pure wax alcohols. The feedstock mixture can be wax alcohols extracted by conventional methods, in which case the method of the invention will produce a more refined product, or indeed may be the saponification reaction mixture in which case the previously used extraction can be eliminated entirely.
The process of the invention has the advantage of producing a product with good colour since it removes many of the dark coloured soaps which normally contaminate wool wax alcohols. Furthermore the process of the invention results in a good removal of acids and gives a good yield of the wax alcohols.
The process is especially suitable for use with the saponification process of our above mentioned UK patent publiation No. 2170507.
The process of the invention may be applied to the reaction mixture of the publication instead of the liquid liquid extraction referred to in that publication. The process is considerably simpler and more convenient than the liquid liquid extraction formerly used.
While the invention has been described with reference to the extraction and refining. of wool wax alcohols, it will be appreciated that it can be so applied to wax alcohols from other sources.
The invention is illustrated further by the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1reflux saponification technique followed by purification.
93.8 g wool wax was heated and mixed with ethanol (750 ml) a 60"C. 14.4 g of sodium hydroxide in 250 ml water was added and the mixture refluxed for 8 hours.
The reaction mixture was cooled to 55-60"C and extracted with petroleum ether (220 ml). Eight extractions were necessary to remove most of the wool wax alcohols into the petroleum layer and these were then recovered as a brown waxy solid after rotary evaporation of the petroleum ether solution.
The wool wax alcohols were purified and refined by dissolving 50 g in 300 ml ethyl alcohol at 60"C. The solution was well stirred at this temperature and then ethanolic calcium chloride solution (0.5M) added in excess to the above hot solution at 55"C. The mixture was. well stirred and the insoluble calcium soaps filtered off while still hot (55"C). Carbon dioxide gas was then bubbled through the filtrate and the excess calcium ion precipitated as calcium carbonate. This was then filtered off and the filtrate final!y evaporated to dryness to yield the purified wool waxs alcohols of light yellow colour and MPt. of 52-55"C.
EXAMPLE 2-Ultrasonic saponification technique followed by purification
93.8 g wool wax was heated with stirring with 750 ml ethanol, 14.4 g sodium hydroxide in 150 ml water and tricaprylylmethylamonium chloride (2 g) as phase transfer catalyst.
The reaction mixture was heated to 75-80"C and then passed though a Minisonic ultrasonic homogeniser (supplied by Lucas
Dawes, Ultrasonics Ltd Type 4005, frequency 24.6 kHz) for 5 mins. The reaction mixture was then transferred to a 2 lit. conical flask fitted for reflux and heated to 90-95"C for a further 5 mins, when the reaction was complete.
The wool wax alcohols were extracted with petroleum ether and recovered as in example
1 to give 47 gm of a brown product consisting mainly of the wool wax alcohols. The acids were also recovered by acidifying the final alcoholic reaction mixture after petroleum ether extraction with hydrochloric acid to pH 2 and then extracting these with petroleum ether.
The brown wool wax alcohols were purified by taking 46 g and dissolving in 300 ml ethanol, heating to 60"C and stirring. Any residual
sodium soaps were precipitated by addition of
excess 0.5M alcohoiic calcium chloride solu
tion at 55"C. The insoluble calcium soaps
were filtered off while still hot (55"C) and any
residual calcium ions precipitated by bubbling
carbon dioxide through the filtrate. The cal
cium carbonate produced was then filtered
from the solution and the wool wax alcohols
produced by evaporation to dryness as a
slightly yellow product in good yield.
EXAMPLE 3-Ultrasonic saponification tech
nique without recovery of wool wax acids
The same procedure was carried out as in
example 2 but in this case the saponified
wool wax reaction mixture was not extracted
with petroleum ether but purified immediately
using the calcium chloride purification method.
After ultrasonic (Minisonic) treatment and
refluxing, excess calcium chloride (0.5M) in
ethanol was added to the hot reaction mixture with stirring. After being well stirred, the in
soluble calcium soaps were filtered off at 50-55"C. Carbon dioxide gas was bubbled through the filtrate and the excess calcium ion
precipitated as calcium carbonate. This was
then filtered off and the filtrate evaporated to
dryness to yield wool wax alcohols in good
yield as a light yellow product.
It can be seen that in each case a refining
and purification of the wool wax alcohols was achieved by the method of the invention. In the cases where the recovery of the lower value fatty acids is not required, the liquid
liquid extraction step can be dispensed with completely.
Claims (6)
1. A method of extracting and refining wax alcohols from a mixture containing wax alco
hols which comprises dissolving the mixture in alcohol at elevated temperatures, adding an ethanolic calcium salt to the hot solution to precipitate calcium soaps, and filtering off precipitated soaps.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein excess calcium ions are removed from the filrate by treating with carbon dioxide.
3. A method as claimed in either of claims
1 and 2 in which the mixture is evaporated to yield pure wax alcohols after filtering any precipitated any calcium carbonate.
4. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 in which the feedstock mixture is a sapo -nification reaction mixture.
5. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 in which the feedstock mixture is a wool grease saponification mixture.
6. A method of extracting and refining wax alcohols substantially as hereinbefore particularly described with reference to the foregoing examples.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08622966A GB2195339A (en) | 1986-09-24 | 1986-09-24 | Refining of wax alcohols |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08622966A GB2195339A (en) | 1986-09-24 | 1986-09-24 | Refining of wax alcohols |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8622966D0 GB8622966D0 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| GB2195339A true GB2195339A (en) | 1988-04-07 |
Family
ID=10604708
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08622966A Withdrawn GB2195339A (en) | 1986-09-24 | 1986-09-24 | Refining of wax alcohols |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2195339A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107927536B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-09-03 | 广州玉婷阁医药科技有限公司 | Health product containing octacosanol |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB607309A (en) * | 1941-11-28 | 1948-08-27 | Veenendaalsche Sajet En Vijfsc | Improvements in and relating to the production of sterols and their addition products from sterol-containing starting materials |
-
1986
- 1986-09-24 GB GB08622966A patent/GB2195339A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB607309A (en) * | 1941-11-28 | 1948-08-27 | Veenendaalsche Sajet En Vijfsc | Improvements in and relating to the production of sterols and their addition products from sterol-containing starting materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8622966D0 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |