GB2194256A - Strain indication in webbing straps and ropes - Google Patents
Strain indication in webbing straps and ropes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2194256A GB2194256A GB08718685A GB8718685A GB2194256A GB 2194256 A GB2194256 A GB 2194256A GB 08718685 A GB08718685 A GB 08718685A GB 8718685 A GB8718685 A GB 8718685A GB 2194256 A GB2194256 A GB 2194256A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- webbing
- rope
- strain
- sensitive material
- webbing strap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/10—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using electrical means
- G01L5/102—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using electrical means using sensors located at a non-interrupted part of the flexible member
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/04—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion incorporating energy absorbing means
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/148—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising marks or luminous elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/06—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring the permanent deformation of gauges, e.g. of compressed bodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/047—Specific indicating or recording arrangements, e.g. for remote indication, for indicating overload or underload
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2301/00—Controls
- D07B2301/30—Signals indicating failure or excessive conditions, e.g. overheating
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
A webbing strap or rope is provided with means for indicating when it has been subjected to excessive tensile loading, by the incorporation of strain-sensitive material either applied to its surface as a label patch or sheath, or within its structure as one or more threads or strands. The strain-sensitive material may conveniently be a plastics material which undergoes permanent stress-whitening when a predetermined tensile load in the webbing or rope is exceeded. The stress-whitening polymer may be arranged so as to cause warning lettering or markings to become visible or to be obscured.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to webbing straps and ropes
Background to the Invention
Webbing straps are widely used to carry tensile loads, in applications such as safety harnesses, parachute harnesses, load restraint straps and industrial lifting slings. In all these applications there is the possibility that the webbing will be weakened by overloading, and that in subsequent use it will fail at a lower tensile load than similar but undamaged webbing. In other applications ropes are used, and may suffer from similar weakening by overloading. In many applications the maximum load which should be applied to the webbing strap or rope is defined by a design code or code of practice, and should not be exceeded for fear of breakage.
It - is the object of the present invention to provide an improved method of making articles incorporating webbing straps or ropes, which provides a readily apparent indication if the article or its webbing or rope parts have been subjected in use to a load greater than a certain threshold.
Summary of the Invention
According to the present invention there is provided either attached to the exterior of or incorporated into the structure of the webbing strap or rope a device which will indicate by means of a readily detectable and irreversible change when some part of such webbing strap or rope has been subjected to a tensile load exceeding a certain threshold. Such device may be applied either during the manufacture of the webbing or rope or article fabricated from such webbing or rope, or may be applied as a post-manufacturing step.
Such overload indicating device may conveniently be in the form of a patch, label or sleeve of a strain-sensitive material applied to the exterior of the rqpe or webbing and affixed by stitching, adhesive bonding, crimping of ferrules or in some other way. Alternatively it may be in the form of one or more strands or threads of strain-sensitive material piaited, woven or braided with the other strands to form the rope or webbing. In a component formed by a warp and weft weave, such as woven webbing, one or more of the warp threads Fan be formed from or contain a strain-sensitive material.
The strain-sensitive material typically comprises a polymerised plastics material which on being subjected to strain beyond a certain limit exhibits the phenomenon of "stress-whitening". Such materials, for example poly(vinyl chloride), tend to change from a relatively dark colour to a lighter colour or even to a white appearance, or from transparent to opaque, when subjected to strains beyond a certain threshold. Such colour or transparency changes tend to be permanent.
The strain-sensitive material provides a readily observable indication, through permanent change in its visual appearance, when a certain threshold load has been exceeded in the webbing or rope. This change can be detected by the user or by an inspector, and can be used to indicate that the webbing or rope or component incorporating such webbing or rope has been loaded beyond a predetermined safe limit and so should be removed from service.
By careful choice of material so the stresswhitening may be employed to render visible or to obscure lettering or other marks. For example, by suitable choice of weaving patterns for the strain-sensitive threads, lettering may be created on the surface of webbing which becomes visible when the threads change in appearance by stress-whitening.
Since it is possible by choice of stress-whitening material for a patch, label or sleeve to effect a change from black to grey or even to white, it is possible to reveal printing or other marking, such as a warning, which is coloured black and is not normally visible in the surface of the material while it is black, but immediately becomes visible when the stress-sensitive material becomes grey or white throwing the black lettering or other marking into relief.
Black or other coloured lettering on an initially transparent stress-whitening material may be obscured by providing a backing layer to the material of a matching colour. When the material becomes opaque grey or white, the lettering or marking is thrown into relief.
The load in the webbing or rope at which the change in appearance of the stress-sensitive material occurs may conveniently be chosen to be lower by some suitable factor of safety than the load at which tensile failure of the webbing or rope occurs; such factor of safety or load may be specified by a design code or other specification. The visual indication may be arranged to occur at the appropriate load by suitable choice of material for the stress-sensitive component, or by suitable geometrical arrangement of the fibres or label with respect to the tensile axis of the webbing or rope. For example, a strip patch applied to the surface of a webbing strap may be attached at a suitable angle to the tensile axis to ensure that the change in appearance occurs at the appropriate tensile load in the webbing.
In some embodiments of the invention it may be convenient to protect the stress-whitening material from damage or distortion by bending, indentation, impact or abrasion. In such embodiments it may be convenient to provide a protective sleeve or sheath wholly or partly surrounding the length of webbing or rope carrying the strain-sensitive material. The protective sleeve may be rigid or flexible, and
may be made from a transparent material, or
be made with a window or aperture, so that
the change in appearance of the strain-sensi
tive material is visible.
Although the invention has been described
so far almost exclusively with reference to
stress-whitening polymer, it is to be under
stood that the invention is in no way limited
to such materials.
The invention thus lies in any component or article when manufactured in accordance with
the present invention and in any rope or
webbing strap or article incorporating such
having as part of its structure or having ap
plied or bonded to at least part of its surface
a strain-sensitive material which changes its
visual appearance if subjected to a strain of
greater than a predetermined amount.
The invention will be described further by
way of example only, with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a length of webb
ing, which may for example form part of a
vehicle seat belt or lifting sling or restraint
strap;
Figure 2 is an edge view thereof;
Figure 3 is a graphical representation of
force versus extension for the webbing strap
of Figs. 1 and 2;
Figure 4 is a view of ropes to which stress
whitening material has been applied, and
Figure 5 is a sectional view of an arrange
ment to render printing visible by stress-whi
tening.
In Fig. 1 a webbing strap 10 has stitched to
its surface a strip or patch of stress-whitening
polymer 12, a double line of stitching being
denoted at 14 and 16. By choice of material
and thickness, so the strip can be made to
change its appearance due to the stress-whi
tening phenomenon if the overall tensile load
on the webbing strap 10 causes greater than
a predetermined lengthwise extension of the
webbing.
The graph of Fig. 3 demonstrates the force
which is needed to cause actual fibre break
age in the webbing (ie 3.3 kN for the material
in question) and the level of 1.9 kN beyond
which it is felt that the webbing should not be
loaded in normal use. Having defined this
force, it is a simple matter to select an appro
priate strip of stress-whitening polymer which
if subjected to the unit extension exhibited by
the webbing from no load to 1.9 kN will itself
exhibit a stress-whitening change at or beyond
1.9 kN loading, and to stitch the appropriate
strip onto the surface of the webbing 10 to
form a patch 12. The latter -may for example
be a label containing the manufacturer's name
or other information or it may simply be a
warning strip to indicate if the safe loading
limit of the webbing has been exceeded.The
values shown in Fig. 3 are derived from tests
on webbing 30 mm wide. The actual values
will obviously vary with the type of webbing and its dimensions and tests are needed to ascertain the appropriate values for different types of webbing, as used for example in lifting slings or vehicles seat belts.
It is then a simple matter for an inspector to spot that a webbing component, such as a lifting sling or vehicle seat belt, has been subjected to an undesirable level of loading and to withdraw the component from service.
Similar considerations apply to the application of the invention to ropes and hawsers as illustrated in Fig. 4 where the strand or sheath of stress-whitening material will indicate if the rope or hawser has been subjected to overloading. A strand of stress-whitening material 40 may be woven into the structure of a rope, or may be incorporated into the weave of a braided rope or braided rope covering, or more than one strand may be used. Alternatively, a sleeve partly or wholly of stress-whitening material 42 may be attached to the rope, by adhesive bonding or by stitching or by crimping of ferrules or by some other method.
Fig. 5 illustrates how stress-whitening can be used to render visible previously obscured printing. A piece of suitable transparent poly mer 50, which may be in the form of a sheet, strip or sleeve or other shape, is coated on the one side with a black coating 52 and is marked with printing or other markings of black or any other colour on the other side 54. The material is viewed from the latter side, and the markings are invisble against the black background. When the polymer stresswhitens, it becomes opaque and light in colour, rendering the markings 54 visible.
Claims (9)
1. A webbing strap or rope to which is affixed a sleeve, patch or label made in whole or in part from a strain-sensitive material which changes in visual appearance on being strained beyond a certain predetermined limit.
2. A webbing strap or rope incorporating in its structure at least one thread or strand made in whole or in part from a strain-sensitive material which changes in visual appearance on being strained beyond a certain predetermined limit.
3. A webbing strap or rope according to either of the preceding claims wherein the strain-sensitive material is arranged so as to render visible or invisible lettering or other markings when the load on the webbing or rope exceeds a certain level.
4. A webbing strap or rope according to one of the preceding claims wherein the strain-sensitive material is protected against damage by a sleeve, patch or sheath or some other protective device.
5. A webbing strap or rope according to one of the preceding claims wherein the strain-sensitive material is a plastics material which exhibits the phenomenon of stress-whi tening.
6. A webbing strap or rope according to claim 5 in which the plastics material is composed wholly or in part of poly(vinyl chloride).
7. A webbing strap substantialy as herein described and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
8. A rope or hawser substantially as herein described and illustrated in Fig. 4.
9. A lifting sling, safety harness, vehicle seat belt or other assembly or article containing or composed of at least one webbing strap or rope according to one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB868619723A GB8619723D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-08-13 | Load detection & indication |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8718685D0 GB8718685D0 (en) | 1987-09-16 |
GB2194256A true GB2194256A (en) | 1988-03-02 |
GB2194256B GB2194256B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
Family
ID=10602666
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB868619723A Pending GB8619723D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-08-13 | Load detection & indication |
GB878703824A Pending GB8703824D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-02-18 | Vehicle seat belts |
GB8718685A Expired - Lifetime GB2194256B (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-08-07 | Improvements in and related to webbing straps and ropes |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB868619723A Pending GB8619723D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1986-08-13 | Load detection & indication |
GB878703824A Pending GB8703824D0 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-02-18 | Vehicle seat belts |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (3) | GB8619723D0 (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993003219A1 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-18 | University Of Strathclyde | Improvements in and relating to ropes |
EP0557031A1 (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-08-25 | D.B. Industries, Inc. | Fall indicator for use with fall arresting devices |
FR2690492A1 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-10-29 | Colmant Cuvelier | Transmission belt with incorporated mounting tension indicator. |
EP0785163A2 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-23 | Dennis St. Germain | Roundsling construction comrising a fiber optic signal strand |
DE19605036C2 (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 2000-12-21 | Heicks Industrieelektronik Gmb | Rope load cell |
US6442316B1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-08-27 | Alcatel | Stress sensor based on periodically inserted color-changing tactile films to detect mishandling of fiber optic cables |
EP1502498A2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-02 | Thorsten A. Fabritz | Rope for securing trees or the like |
DE102005056610A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Siemens Ag | Parking brake cable`s tractive force determining method for motor vehicle, involves connecting sensor support with longitudinal sensor whose signal voltage depends on elongation and parameter of force, and determining force from voltage |
CN101486329B (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-02-22 | 浙江双友物流器械股份有限公司 | Binding machine |
DE102012014033A1 (en) * | 2012-07-14 | 2014-01-16 | Carsten Jacobs | Line/wire tension indicator for indicating tension in e.g. cordage utilized as mooring line for ship, has display for colored displaying of load, and three signal threads changing color during changing of applied tension |
EP1691750B1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2016-04-27 | SCA Hygiene Products AB | Disposable absorbent article having tension indicators |
US9707433B1 (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-07-18 | Steven Paul McGibbons | Exercise handles and band |
FR3104714A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-18 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | FRAGILE PART CONTROL DEVICE |
WO2024134343A1 (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-27 | Continental - Indústria Têxtil Do Ave, S.A. | Strain sensing smart label |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106087500B (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-05-11 | 青岛华凯海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of rope for prompting degree of fatigue |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB768942A (en) * | 1952-12-31 | 1957-02-27 | Rolf Von Zur Gathen | Improvements in means for the care of the hair and skin |
GB1332148A (en) * | 1969-12-27 | 1973-10-03 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of indicating the expenditure of the fatigue life of materials |
GB1373057A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1974-11-06 | Stece Ab Ind | Strap anchorage buckles for safety belts |
GB1413200A (en) * | 1972-12-28 | 1975-11-12 | Takata Kojyo Co | Strain indicating web for use in a safety belt |
US4111459A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1978-09-05 | General Motors Corporation | Seat belt utilization recorder |
US4253544A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1981-03-03 | Inco Safety Products Company | Energy absorbing lanyard |
GB2125683A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1984-03-14 | Vni Vatelsky I Textilno Galant | Device for damping impact load |
GB2130611A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-06-06 | Dr A T Ratcliffe | Synthetic fibre rope: monitoring strain using optical fires |
GB2152088A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-31 | Bridon Plc | Detection of deterioration in rope |
-
1986
- 1986-08-13 GB GB868619723A patent/GB8619723D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-02-18 GB GB878703824A patent/GB8703824D0/en active Pending
- 1987-08-07 GB GB8718685A patent/GB2194256B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB768942A (en) * | 1952-12-31 | 1957-02-27 | Rolf Von Zur Gathen | Improvements in means for the care of the hair and skin |
GB1332148A (en) * | 1969-12-27 | 1973-10-03 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of indicating the expenditure of the fatigue life of materials |
GB1373057A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1974-11-06 | Stece Ab Ind | Strap anchorage buckles for safety belts |
GB1413200A (en) * | 1972-12-28 | 1975-11-12 | Takata Kojyo Co | Strain indicating web for use in a safety belt |
US4111459A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1978-09-05 | General Motors Corporation | Seat belt utilization recorder |
US4253544A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1981-03-03 | Inco Safety Products Company | Energy absorbing lanyard |
GB2125683A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1984-03-14 | Vni Vatelsky I Textilno Galant | Device for damping impact load |
GB2130611A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-06-06 | Dr A T Ratcliffe | Synthetic fibre rope: monitoring strain using optical fires |
GB2152088A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-31 | Bridon Plc | Detection of deterioration in rope |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993003219A1 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-18 | University Of Strathclyde | Improvements in and relating to ropes |
US5605035A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1997-02-25 | University Of Strathclyde | Rope with strain damage indicator |
EP0557031A1 (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-08-25 | D.B. Industries, Inc. | Fall indicator for use with fall arresting devices |
AU658477B2 (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1995-04-13 | D B Industries, Inc. | Fall indicator for use with fall arresting devices |
FR2690492A1 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-10-29 | Colmant Cuvelier | Transmission belt with incorporated mounting tension indicator. |
EP0568450A1 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-03 | Colmant Cuvelier Societe Dite : | Drive belt with built-in tension indicator |
EP0785163A2 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-23 | Dennis St. Germain | Roundsling construction comrising a fiber optic signal strand |
EP0785163A3 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-12-29 | Dennis St. Germain | Roundsling construction comrising a fiber optic signal strand |
DE19605036C2 (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 2000-12-21 | Heicks Industrieelektronik Gmb | Rope load cell |
US6442316B1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-08-27 | Alcatel | Stress sensor based on periodically inserted color-changing tactile films to detect mishandling of fiber optic cables |
EP1502498A2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-02 | Thorsten A. Fabritz | Rope for securing trees or the like |
EP1502498A3 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-01-18 | Thorsten A. Fabritz | Rope for securing trees or the like |
EP1691750B1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2016-04-27 | SCA Hygiene Products AB | Disposable absorbent article having tension indicators |
DE102005056610A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Siemens Ag | Parking brake cable`s tractive force determining method for motor vehicle, involves connecting sensor support with longitudinal sensor whose signal voltage depends on elongation and parameter of force, and determining force from voltage |
CN101486329B (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-02-22 | 浙江双友物流器械股份有限公司 | Binding machine |
DE102012014033A1 (en) * | 2012-07-14 | 2014-01-16 | Carsten Jacobs | Line/wire tension indicator for indicating tension in e.g. cordage utilized as mooring line for ship, has display for colored displaying of load, and three signal threads changing color during changing of applied tension |
US9707433B1 (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-07-18 | Steven Paul McGibbons | Exercise handles and band |
FR3104714A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-18 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | FRAGILE PART CONTROL DEVICE |
WO2024134343A1 (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-27 | Continental - Indústria Têxtil Do Ave, S.A. | Strain sensing smart label |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8718685D0 (en) | 1987-09-16 |
GB8703824D0 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
GB2194256B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
GB8619723D0 (en) | 1986-09-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930807 |