GB2191753A - Protection of dangerous substances - Google Patents
Protection of dangerous substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2191753A GB2191753A GB08714526A GB8714526A GB2191753A GB 2191753 A GB2191753 A GB 2191753A GB 08714526 A GB08714526 A GB 08714526A GB 8714526 A GB8714526 A GB 8714526A GB 2191753 A GB2191753 A GB 2191753A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- water
- anyone
- diisocyanate
- polyol
- polyisocyanate prepolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0058—Shaping the mixture by casting a curable composition, e.g. of the plastisol type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
Abstract
Explosive substances are encapsulated in a gel formed by reacting a hydrophilic polymer, such as a polyisocyanate prepolymer, and an aqueous reactant, such as water. Nitroglycerine and trinitrotoluene may be protected in this manner. Preferably the polyisocyanate prepolymer is obtained by end capping a water miscible polyol such as glycerine polymerised with ethylene oxide and optionally propylene oxide with a diisocyanate to give a final isocyanate functionality of greater than 2.
Description
GB 2 191 753 A 1
SPECIFICATION
Protection of dangerous substances This invention relatestothe protection of dangerous, particularly explosive, substances. 5 An obvious problem with the use of some explosives is their tendency to detonatewhen subjectedto shock, for example, by impactsuch ascluring transportation orhandling. Much care hasto betakenwhen explosives aretransported and usedto guard against undesired detonation. Thus, it is beneficialfor packaging for explosives to be ableto absorb impactshocks.
The objectof this invention isto provide a means of packaging dangerous, particularly explosive, 10 substances in orderto eliminate orat least reducethe inherent hazardsthereof and alsoto reduce flammability.
Accordingtothis invention dangerous, particularly explosive, water insoluble substances are encapsulated in a gel formed by mixing a hydrophilic polymerwith an aqueous reactant.
In one aspectthe invention provides a method of encapsulating a dangerous substance comprising mixing is the dangerous substancewith or adding sameto a gel-forming mixture of a hydrophilic polymer and an aqueous reactant and allowing the mixture to set.
In another aspect the invention provides a dangerous substance encapsulated in a gel formed by mixing a hydrophilic polymer and an aqueous reactant.
Anysuitable gel forming hydrophilic polymeror mixture of polymers may be used in the invention. 20 Examples of suitable hydrophilic polymers include polyisocyanates, acrylic based polymers and cellulose based polymers.
The gel formed by mixing the hydrophilic polymer and aqueous reactant is typically sufficiently dense to retain the explosive substance but sufficiently resilientto attenuate shock waves caused by impact. Thus, explosive substances maybe handled and transported in greater safety. 25 The aqueous reactant maybe water or maybe a mixture of water and other suitable substances.
Typical of such other substances would be water miscible organic liquids, such as polyols, solvents, dyes and inorganic fillers.
The method of the invention may be applied to anydangerous substance, particularly explosives including, for example, trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerine and products basedthereon. Aswell as explosive 30 substances, it may be possibleto usethe method of the invention on corrosive or poisonous substances.
Thegels used in the invention are desirably inertto the substances being encapsulated, sothatjor example, explosive substances do not have their detonation properties impairedwhen mixed directlywith thegel forthe period of time overwhich the encapsulated substancewill bestored.
Preferred gels used in this invention possess a three-dimensional polymer network produced by reacting a 35 water miscible polyisocyanate prepolymer with an aqueous reactant. The polyisocyanate prepolymer may be produced by end-capping a suitable water miscible polyol with a dissocyanate to give a final isocyanate functionality preferably greaterthan two. Typicallythe water miscible polyol is the product of the polymerisation of ethylene oxide with orwithout propylene such as glycerine. The average molecularweight of the water miscible polyol is preferably in the range 200-20000, especially 600-6000, with a hydroxyl 40 functionality of two or more and preferably containing at least 40% by weight of ethylene oxide adducts. The diisocyanate maytypically be one of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'- diphenyimethane diisocyanate (M131), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). The polyisocyanate prepolymer may be produced by reacting 0.55 - 1.5, preferably 0.75 - 1.25, moles of diisocyanate with each equivalentof hydroxyl group in the water miscible polyol. 45 Gels can be produced by mixing the water miscible polyisocyanate prepolymerwith eitherwater alone or with a mixture of water and other suitable substances such as inorganic fillers and water miscible polyols, solvents and dyes. With water alone, the proportion of water is preferably designed to give a Water Index Value in the range 40,00030,000, especially 80,000 - 170,000, where:
so 50 Water IndexValue = Equivalents of Water X 100 Equivalents of lsocyanate The properties of the gels may be modified by replacing part of the aqueous phase with one or more 55 additives. For example, surface tack and tear resistance of the gel may be improved by incorporation of a low molecularweight glycol, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol.
When the polyisocyanate prepolymer is blended with the aqueous reactant, mix times, dependent on the gel time of the system, are typically 10-60 seconds.
Gel times are a function of the Water Index Value, the nature of any additives in addition to the dangerous 60 substances to be encapsulated and the temperature of the reactants and are typically 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Gel times are longer at lowertemperatures.
Gels used in this invention may lose water and dimensional stability over a period of time. Therefore, it is preferred thatthe encapsulated substance be protected within a suitable impermeable membrane, such as of plastics film, e.g. polyethylene, or alternatively in its own water-tight container. If the gel is not intended for 65 2 GB 2 191 753 A 2 immediateuse, itis recommended that storage temperatures do notexceed 25dogreesC. Geiswhich containa modifying glycol such as propylene glycol, can be stored ato degrees C, or belowwith reduced risk offreezing orcracking thegel.
The invention will now befurther described with reference to the following Examples:
5 Example 1
For encapsulating an explosive substance, such astrinitrotoluene or nitroglycerine a gel was prepared by firstforming a polyisocyanate prepolymer by reacting 11.15% byweight of toluene diisocyanate (80120 mixture of 2,412,6 isomers) with 88.85% byweightof a 5000 molecular weight trifunctional polyol based on úlycerine, extended with propylene oxide and capped with ethylene oxide. The resultant prepolymer 10 c _intaining 3.2% byweightof isocyanate (as NCO) was mixed with water in the weight ratio of 10 parts p --epo!5 mertc, 90 parts water. This blendwas then poured into a mould containing the explosive substance and allowed to set.
1"-,e product could then be handled, packaged and transported.
15 This Example repeated Example 1 exceptthat instead of mixing the prepolymer poiyisocyanate with water, a mixture of water and propylene glycol in theweight ratio of 1: 1 was used. 10 parts by weight of prepolymer x,,.,ere mixed with 90 parts byweight ofithe water propylene glycol mixture.
20 E-za mp les 3 a n d.1 Th ese Exa m p 1 es re p eated Exa m p 1 es 1 a n d 2 res pective ly exce pt th at th e exp i os ive s u bsta n ce wa s m ixed d,, rectl y with th. e 9 e 1 fo rn i n 9 m ixt u re.
Claims (26)
1. A method of encapsulating a dangerous, particularly explosive substance, comprising mixing the dangerous substance with or adding same to a gel-forming mixture of a hydrophilic polymer and an aqueous reactant and allowing the mixture to set.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is a polyisocyanate prepolymer. 30
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the aqueous reactant is water.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the aqueous reactant is a mixture of water and anyof water miscible organic liquids, solvents, dyes and inorganic fillers.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water miscible organic liquid is a polyol.
6. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 2to 5, wherein the polyisocyanate prepolyrner is produced 35 L,F end-,3app'pg awater miscible polyof with a diisocyanate.
A met'b-i,:)d as claimed in claim 6, wherein the polyisocyanate prepolymer has an isocyanate functionality greater than two.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or7, wherein the water-miscible polyol is the product of the polymerisation of ethylene oxide with or without propylene oxide in the presence of a polyfunctiona 1 40 p recu rso r.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the polyfunctional precursor is glycerine.
10. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 6 to 9, wherein the average molecular weight of thewater r.1scible polyol is in the range 200 to 20,000.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the average molecular weight of the water miscible polyol 45 ir. in the range 600 to 6000.
12. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 8to 11, wherein the water miscible polyol contains at least 4J% byweightof ethylene oxide adducts.
13. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 6 to 12, wherein the diisocyanate is selected from toluene dlisocyanate, 4,4'-diplienyimethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone 50 ciisocyanate.
14. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 6to 13, wherein the polyisocyanate prepolymer is produced by reacting 0.55 to 1.5 moles of diisocyanate with each equivalent of hydroxyl group in the water miscible polyol.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the polyisocyanate prepolymer is produced by reacting 55 0.75 to 1.25 moles of diisocyanate with each equivalent of hydroxyl group in the water miscible polyol.
16. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 3 and 5to 15 wherein the proportions of water mixed with the polyisocyanate prepolymer is designed to give a water index value (as herein before defined) of 40,000 to 300,000.
6()
17. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the water index value is 80,000 to 170000. 60 8.
A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the gel is modified bythe addition of a low n o i ecu 1 a r we i g ht 9 lyco 1.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the glycol is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol ordipropylene glycol.
65 3 GB 2 191 753 A 3
20. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 19, wherein the mix time for the polymer and aqueous reactant is from 10 to 60 seconds.
21. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 20 comprising the further step of enclosing the gel in an impermeable membrane andlor a water-tight container.
22. A method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the impermeable membrane is of polyethylene. 5
23. A method as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 22, wherein the dangerous substance is nitroglycerine ortrinitrotoluene.
24. An encapsulated dangerous substance, such as an explosive, produced by a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23.
25. A method of encapsulating a dangerous substance substantially as hereinbefore described with 10 reference to any of the Examples.
26. An encapsulated dangerous substance substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of the Examples.
Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by Croydon Printing Company (UK) Ltd, 11187, D8991685. Publishedby The Patent Office, 25Southampton Buildings, London WC2A I AY, from which copies maybe obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868615212A GB8615212D0 (en) | 1986-06-21 | 1986-06-21 | Protection of dangerous substances |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8714526D0 GB8714526D0 (en) | 1987-07-29 |
| GB2191753A true GB2191753A (en) | 1987-12-23 |
Family
ID=10599894
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868615212A Pending GB8615212D0 (en) | 1986-06-21 | 1986-06-21 | Protection of dangerous substances |
| GB08714526A Withdrawn GB2191753A (en) | 1986-06-21 | 1987-06-22 | Protection of dangerous substances |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868615212A Pending GB8615212D0 (en) | 1986-06-21 | 1986-06-21 | Protection of dangerous substances |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0251606A3 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8615212D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006114597A2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Oztech Pty Ltd | Pressure impulse mitigation |
| GB0510490D0 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2005-06-29 | Oztech Pty Ltd | Pressure impulse mitigation |
| KR102597650B1 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2023-11-01 | 배 시스템즈 피엘시 | Molded explosive composition |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3160538A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1964-12-08 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Aqueous explosive gel composition and process |
| US4115165A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1978-09-19 | Atlas Powder Company | Hydrophobic aluminum sensitizing agents for explosives |
| US4456494A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1984-06-26 | Energy Sciences Partners, Ltd. | System for making an aqueous slurry-type blasting composition |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3586551A (en) * | 1968-08-27 | 1971-06-22 | Du Pont | Water-degradable cap-sensitive selfsupporting explosive |
| DE3125768A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-13 | Központi Bányászati Fejlesztési Intézet, 1027 Budapest | Protection sleeve, which is flameproof and resistant to coal dust, for explosive materials |
| ATE16794T1 (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1985-12-15 | Prb Nobel Explosifs | CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SYRUP EXPLOSIVES WHICH CAN BE LOADED IN CARTRIDGE CASES BY MACHINE AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THIS WAY. |
| FR2577919B1 (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1987-02-20 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE WITHOUT SOLVENT OF COMPOSITE PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS WITH THERMOSETTING BINDER AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED, IN PARTICULAR COMPOSITE PROPULSIVE POWDERS |
-
1986
- 1986-06-21 GB GB868615212A patent/GB8615212D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-06-22 EP EP19870305495 patent/EP0251606A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-06-22 GB GB08714526A patent/GB2191753A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3160538A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1964-12-08 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Aqueous explosive gel composition and process |
| US4115165A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1978-09-19 | Atlas Powder Company | Hydrophobic aluminum sensitizing agents for explosives |
| US4456494A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1984-06-26 | Energy Sciences Partners, Ltd. | System for making an aqueous slurry-type blasting composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8714526D0 (en) | 1987-07-29 |
| EP0251606A2 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| EP0251606A3 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| GB8615212D0 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |