EP0251606A2 - Protection of dangerous substances - Google Patents
Protection of dangerous substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0251606A2 EP0251606A2 EP87305495A EP87305495A EP0251606A2 EP 0251606 A2 EP0251606 A2 EP 0251606A2 EP 87305495 A EP87305495 A EP 87305495A EP 87305495 A EP87305495 A EP 87305495A EP 0251606 A2 EP0251606 A2 EP 0251606A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- diisocyanate
- glycol
- polyisocyanate prepolymer
- gel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0058—Shaping the mixture by casting a curable composition, e.g. of the plastisol type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to the protection of dangerous, particularly explosive, substances.
- An obvious problem with the use of some explosives is their tendency to detonate when subjected to shock, for example, by impact such as during transportation or handling. Much care has to be taken when explosives are transported and used to guard against undesired detonation. Thus, it is beneficial for packaging for explosives to be able to absorb impact shocks.
- The object of this invention is to provide a means of packaging dangerous, particularly explosive, substances in order to eliminate or at least reduce the inherent hazards thereof and also to reduce flammability.
- According to this invention dangerous, particularly explosive, water insoluble substances are encapsulated in a gel formed by mixing a hydrophilic polymer with an aqueous reactant.
- In one aspect the invention provides a method of encapsulating a dangerous substance comprising mixing the dangerous substance with or adding same to a gel-forming mixture of a hydrophilic polymer and an aqueous reactant and allowing the mixture to set.
- In another aspect the invention provides a dangerous substance encapsulated in a gel formed by mixing a hydrophilic polymer and an aqueous reactant.
- Any suitable gel forming hydrophilic polymer or mixture of polymers may be used in the invention. Examples of suitable hydrophilic polymers include polyisocyanates, acrylic based polymers and cellulose based polymers.
- The gel formed by mixing the hydrophilic polymer and aqueous reactant is typically sufficiently dense to retain the explosive substance but sufficiently resilient to attenuate shock waves caused by impact. Thus, explosive substances may be handled and transported in greater safety.
- The aqueous reactant may be water or may be a mixture of water and other suitable substances.
- Typical of such other substances would be water miscible organic liquids, such as polyols, solvents, dyes and inorganic fillers.
- The method of the invention may be applied to any dangerous substance, particularly explosives including, for example, trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerine and products based thereon. As well as explosive substances, it may be possible to use the method of the invention on corrosive or poisonous substances.
- The gels used in the invention are desirably inert to the substances being encapsulated, so that, for example, explosive substances do not have their detonation properties impaired when mixed directly with the gel for the period of time over which the encapsulated substance will be stored.
- Preferred gels used in this invention possess a three-dimensional polymer network produced by reacting a water miscible polyisocyanate prepolymer with an aqueous reactant. The polyisocyanate prepolymer may be produced by end-capping a suitable water miscible polyol with a diisocyanate to give a final isocyanate functionality preferrably greater than two. Typically the water miscible polyol is the product of the polymerisation of ethylene oxide with or without propylene oxide in the presence of a polyfunctional precursor such as glycerine. The average molecular weight of the water miscible polyol is preferably in the range 200-20000, especially 600-6000, with a hydroxyl functionality of two or more and preferably containing at least 40% by weight of ethylene oxide adducts. The diisocyanate may typically be one of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4, 4ʹ - diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). The polyisocyanate prepolymer may be produced by reacting 0.55 - 1.5, preferably 0.75 - 1.25, moles of diisocyanate with each equivalent of hydroxyl group in the water miscible polyol.
- Gels can be produced by mixing the water miscible polyisocyanate prepolymer with either water alone or with a mixture of water and other suitable substances such as inorganic fillers and water miscible polyols, solvents and dyes. With water alone, the proportion of water is preferably designed to give a Water Index Value in the range 40,000 - 300,000, especially 80,000 - 170,000 where:
- The properties of the gels may be modified by replacing part of the aqueous phase with one or more additives. For example, surface tack and tear resistance of the gel may be improved by incorporation of a low molecular weight glycol, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol.
- When the polyisocyanate prepolymer is blended with the aqueous reactant, mix times, dependent on the gel time of the system, are typically 10-60 seconds.
- Gel times are a function of the Water Index Value, the nature of any additives in addition to the dangerous substances to be encapsulated and the temperature of the reactants and are typically 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Gel times are longer at lower temperatures.
- Gels used in this invention may lose water and dimensional stability over a period of time. Therefore, it is preferred that the encapsulated substance be protected within a suitable impermeable membrane, such as of plastics film, e.g. polyethylene, or alternatively in its own water-tight container. If the gel is not intended for immediate use, it is recommended that storage temperatures do not exceed 25 degrees C. Gels which contain a modifying glycol such as propylene glycol, can be stored at 0 degrees C, or below with reduced risk of freezing or cracking the gel.
- The invention will now be further described with reference to the following Examples:
- For encapsulating an explosive substance, such as trinitrotoluene or nitroglycerine a gel was prepared by first forming a polyisocyanate prepolymer by reacting 11.15% by weight of toluene diisocyanate (80/20 mixture of 2, 4/2,6 isomers) with 88.85% by weight of a 5000 molecular weight trifunctional polyol based on glycerine, extended with propylene oxide and capped with ethylene oxide. The resultant prepolymer containing 3.2% by weight of isocyanate (as NCO) was mixed with water in the weight ratio of 10 parts prepolymer to 90 parts water. This blend was then poured into a mould containing the explosive substance and allowed to set.
- The product could then be handled, packaged and transported.
- This Example repeated Example 1 except that instead of mixing the prepolymer polyisocyanate with water, a mixture of water and propylene glycol in the weight ratio of 1:1 was used. 10 parts by weight of prepolymer were mixed with 90 parts by weight of the water propylene glycol mixture.
- These Examples repeated Examples 1 and 2 respectively except that the explosive substance was mixed directly with the gel forming mixture.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB868615212A GB8615212D0 (en) | 1986-06-21 | 1986-06-21 | Protection of dangerous substances |
GB8615212 | 1986-06-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0251606A2 true EP0251606A2 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
EP0251606A3 EP0251606A3 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
Family
ID=10599894
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19870305495 Withdrawn EP0251606A3 (en) | 1986-06-21 | 1987-06-22 | Protection of dangerous substances |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0251606A3 (en) |
GB (2) | GB8615212D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006114597A3 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-12-14 | Oztech Pty Ltd | Pressure impulse mitigation |
US9175931B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2015-11-03 | Flexiblast Pty Ltd. | Pressure impulse mitigation |
KR20180035207A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2018-04-05 | 배 시스템즈 피엘시 | Molded explosive composition |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3586551A (en) * | 1968-08-27 | 1971-06-22 | Du Pont | Water-degradable cap-sensitive selfsupporting explosive |
DE2320357A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Porous explosives prodn. from polyurethane components - using solid explosive and giving selectable detonation rate and pressure |
DE3125768A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-13 | Központi Bányászati Fejlesztési Intézet, 1027 Budapest | Protection sleeve, which is flameproof and resistant to coal dust, for explosive materials |
EP0084766A1 (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1983-08-03 | Prb Nobel Explosifs | Continuous process for the production of sirupeous explosive compositions that can be cartridged on a cutting machine, and products so obtained |
EP0194180A1 (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-09-10 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs | Process for the solventless production of pyrotechnical products having a thermosetting binder |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3160538A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1964-12-08 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Aqueous explosive gel composition and process |
US4115165A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1978-09-19 | Atlas Powder Company | Hydrophobic aluminum sensitizing agents for explosives |
US4456494A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1984-06-26 | Energy Sciences Partners, Ltd. | System for making an aqueous slurry-type blasting composition |
-
1986
- 1986-06-21 GB GB868615212A patent/GB8615212D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-06-22 EP EP19870305495 patent/EP0251606A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-06-22 GB GB08714526A patent/GB2191753A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3586551A (en) * | 1968-08-27 | 1971-06-22 | Du Pont | Water-degradable cap-sensitive selfsupporting explosive |
DE2320357A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Porous explosives prodn. from polyurethane components - using solid explosive and giving selectable detonation rate and pressure |
DE3125768A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-13 | Központi Bányászati Fejlesztési Intézet, 1027 Budapest | Protection sleeve, which is flameproof and resistant to coal dust, for explosive materials |
EP0084766A1 (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1983-08-03 | Prb Nobel Explosifs | Continuous process for the production of sirupeous explosive compositions that can be cartridged on a cutting machine, and products so obtained |
EP0194180A1 (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-09-10 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs | Process for the solventless production of pyrotechnical products having a thermosetting binder |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
G.W. Becker and D. Braun: "Polyurethane, Kunststoff Handbuch vol. 7" 1983, Carl Hanser Verlag, M}nchen, West-Germany * |
J.H. Saunders and K.C. Frisch: "Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology" 1978, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co., Inc., Huntington, New York, USA. * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006114597A3 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-12-14 | Oztech Pty Ltd | Pressure impulse mitigation |
US8828134B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2014-09-09 | Flexiblast Pty Ltd. | Pressure impulse mitigation |
US9175931B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2015-11-03 | Flexiblast Pty Ltd. | Pressure impulse mitigation |
KR20180035207A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2018-04-05 | 배 시스템즈 피엘시 | Molded explosive composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8714526D0 (en) | 1987-07-29 |
GB2191753A (en) | 1987-12-23 |
EP0251606A3 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
GB8615212D0 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19900702 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WOSLEY, MARTIN Inventor name: PARR, ALAN JAMES |