GB2180853A - Method and device for the identification of fungal diseases of plants - Google Patents
Method and device for the identification of fungal diseases of plants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2180853A GB2180853A GB08623047A GB8623047A GB2180853A GB 2180853 A GB2180853 A GB 2180853A GB 08623047 A GB08623047 A GB 08623047A GB 8623047 A GB8623047 A GB 8623047A GB 2180853 A GB2180853 A GB 2180853A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ppm
- growth
- medium
- fusarium
- rhizoctonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/10—Starch-containing substances, e.g. dough
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/37—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from fungi
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A method for the identification of cereal foot diseases parts of a diseased stem are contacted with a series in in vitro nutrient media selective for the growth of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Fusarium sp and Rhizoctonia sp respectively. The disease is identified by the extent to which fungus grows in each medium. The media are made selective by the use of fungicides.
Description
SPECIFICATION Method and device for the identification of fungal diseases of plants
The present invention relates to a method for the identification or diagnosis of fungal diseases of plants and to a device for the implementation of this method.
It is known that cereals are affected by certain diseases called cereal foot diseases, viz:
eyespot due to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides
sharp eyespot due to Rhizoctonia cerealis
fusarium diseases due to Fusarium nivale, Fusarium roseum.
These diseases, which constitute what is commonly called the cereal foot disease complex, are often difficult to determine by simple observation of symptoms, as these resemble one another to a great extent, are often atypical, and vary according to the strains of the pathogens.
Additionally, these diseases often occur together on plants.
The determination of the cause of necroses on cereals is required for different purposes:
for seeking active molecules against these diseases for the choice of sites for the trials, that is, plots infected with the appropriate pathogen, for the interpretation of the efficiency of the treatments applied- on the- plants. For the farmer, for the right choice of treatment chemicals.
Therefore, there is' a need for the availability of a practical test for the determination of cereal foot diseases.
This test must be the simplest and quickest possible so that it can be used in an experimental station or in the field with convenient and reliable equipment.
The Applicant Company has now discovered that the identification of the diseases of this disease complex can be made in a foolproof and convenient way by means of a device comprising a battery of in vitro tests on selective nutrient media, each allowing the specific development of each of the fungi.
Accordingly the present invention provides a method for the identification of a cereal foot disease, which comprises bringing into contact parts of a diseased cereal stem with three in vitro culture media respectìvely, the media being:
a) an , "eyespot" medium, selective for Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, which inhibits or suppresses the- growth of Fusarium sp and Rhizoctonia sp and optionally other pathogenic or non-pathogenic furigi, without -suppressing the growth of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,
b) a "sharp- eyespot" medium, selective for Rhizoctonia sp, especially for Rhizoctonia cerealis, which inhibits or suppresses the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp and of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, and optionally other pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi, without suppressing the growth of Rhkoctonia sp, and
c) a "Fusarium" medium, selective for Fusarium sp, which inhibits or suppresses the growth of
Rhizoctonia sp and of- Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, and optionally other pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi, without suppressing the growth of Fusarium sp, especially F. nivale and F.
roseum and iderstifying the disease as that in whose selective medium fungus grows.
These media comprise a nutrient medum appropriate to each of the fungi, preferably common, and containing particular fungicide mixtures, viz:
a) For the "eyespot" medium, either from 160 to 240 ppm of O,O-diethyl phthalimidophosphonothioate or ditalimfos and (i) from 4 to 6 ppm of 1-isopropylcarbamoyl-3-(3,5-dichloro- phenyl) hydantoin or iprodione or (ii) an equivalent dose of an N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,2-dicar- boximide of formula A:
in which R is either the radical;
in which R, is the methoxymethyl (in which case, the product is commonly called myclozolinj or ethoxy-carbonyl (in which case the product is commonly called chlozolinate) or vinyl (in which case, the product is commonly called vinclozolin) radical, or the radical:
in which::
either R2 and R5 are methyl radicals and R3 and R4 together form a methylene chain (in which case the product is commonly called procymidone), or R2, R4 and R5 are each a hydrogen atom,
R3 is the vinyl, hydrogen or methoxymethyl radical (in which case, the latter two products are commonly called dimetaclon and metomeclan respectively), or (iii) 24 to 36 ppm of 2,6-dichlorop-tolyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate or tolclophos-methyl.
or from 24 to 36 ppm of tolclophos methyl and from 24 to 36 ppm of pentachloronitrobenzene (or PCNB).
b) For the "sharp eyespot" medium: 0.4 to 0.6 ppm of methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (or carbendazim) or an equivalent dose of one of its precursors, such as methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl) benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (or benomyl), dimethyl or diethyl 4,4,-(o-phenylene)bis(3-thioallophan- ate) (or thiophanate-methyl or thiophanate-ethyl respectively) and 2-(2-furyl)benzimidazole (or fuberidazole), the carbendazim or its precursors being combined with 0.4-2 ppm of 1-[N-propyl-N- 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethylcarbamoyl]imidazole or prochloraz.
c) The "fusarium" comprises either (il from 1.6 to 2.4 ppm of 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)n pentyl]-1-H-1,2,4-triazole (or penconazol) or 4 to 6 ppm of (RS) -2,-4-difluoro-(1 H, 1,2,4-triazol1-ylmethyl) benzhydryl alcohol (or flutriafol) and (ii) from 4 to 6 ppm of iprodione or of an equivalent dose of a N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1 2-dicarboximide of formula A above, or comprises a combination of 16 to 24 ppm of polyoxin and 56 to 84 ppm of tetrachloroisophthalonitrile or chlorothalonil.
According to one variation of the invention, the "eyespot" medium may also contain 8 to 12 ppm of carbendazim or one of its precursors indicated above in order to detect strains which are resistant to this type of fungicide.
Any suitable agar medium for the culture of the fungi concerned, ezg. Sabouraud mixture or
P.D.A. (Potato Dextrose Agar) may be used as the nutrient medium.
The invention also relates to a device which can be used for the implementation of the identification method according to the invention.
The device is characterized in that it comprises at least 3 regions (hereinafter called-selective regions) containing one of the three selective media for eyespot, sharp eyespot and fusarium respectively, and optionally at least one other region called control witout fungicide (but may contain an antibiotic) and, optionally, a region containing a selective medium for eyespot containing from 5 to 50 ppm of carbendazim or one of its precursors.
According to one variation of this device, the various regions are simply juxtaposed (selective nutrient media in contact with one another) or separated into distinct compartments each containing one of the said selective nutrient media.
Therefore, this can be a battery of vessels containing the reactive (selective nutrient) media in the form of a unit which can be easily handled or transported.
It can be a vessel made of an inert substance, e.g. glass or plastic, comprising a base and sides defining at least three compartments.
Each of the selective regions of the device according to the invention usually contains a mixture of nutrient medium with each of the media described above. These culture media are first obtained by carefully mixing the nutrient media which may also contain antibiotics such as streptomycin, penicillin, aureomycin, pimaricin and the like, with solutions, e.g. in acetone or aqueous dispersions of the fungicidal active substances above. The filling of each compartment is carried out manually or automatically by injection (e.g. under pressure and in the heated state, which allows a good homogeneity of the mixture. Moreover, this is checked with a coloured solution).
According to one variation of the invention, the selective nutrient medium impregnates a porous base, such as a blotting paper. Moreover, this arrangement can be obtained either by pouring a selective nutrient medium on the porous base, or by wetting a porous base which has been impregnated and then dried.
The device described above is generally equipped with a lid (or any other means of isolation from outside): it may consist of a Petri dish with compartments, and it is then ready for use.
This use, which forms the method for the identification or for diagnosis according to the invention, consists in taking a piece of stem of the diseased cereal, which is washed with water and then immersed in a surface disinfectant such as bleach, potassium permanganate, ethanol or similar. After rinsing, the stem is cut into three parts, each of them then being placed in each of the compartments.
The device is covered with the lid and allowed to incubate for 10 days at the ambient temperature in natural or artificial light.
After ten days, the growth of the fungi sought is noted by visual estimation of the mycelial growth in each compartment, expressed as a percentage relative to the growth of the control.
This percentage may optionally be converted into a notation by means of an observation grid which may form part of the device according to the invention.
When a device according to the invention containing several selective regions with a common point is used, the device according to the invention enables a single plant fragment to be deposited on this common point, and in this case, the observation of growth (or absence of growth) is restricted to at least one of the selective regions in contact with the plant fragment deposited.
According to yet another variation of the invention, the selective nutrient media are prepared immediately before use by brinign a simple (that is non-selectively, or without fungicide) nutrient medium into contact with a porous (blotting paper or other) base impregnated with the identification fungicides (and water, if required).
The following examples illustrate the implementation of the method according to the invention using an adapted device.
Example 1:
A series of Petri dishes each containing a P.D.A. nutrientmedium containing an antibiotic mixture of 100 ppm streptomycin, 50 ppm penicillin and 50 ppm aureomycin and the following ingredients respectively is used:
a) for the dish containing the "eyespot" medium, a mixture of 200 ppm of ditalimphos and 5 ppm of iprodione;
b) for the dish containing the ''sharp eyespot", a mixture of 0.5 ppm of carbendazim and 0.5 ppm of prochloraz;
c) for the dish containing the "fusarium" medium, 2 ppm of penconazol and 5 ppm of iprodione.
These three dishes are either used in the laboratory or kept in a larger container which can be conveniently transported outside.
3 stem sections, 0.3 to 0.5 cm each, of wheat, variety NEBRASKA, showing undifferentiated cereal foot disease symptoms are taken, they are rinsed with water and then washed with a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 2% active chlorine for two minutes, then washed with water and dried on filter paper.
One section is introduced into each of the three dishes and the contents are incubated for 10 days at ambient temperature, in natural light.
Observations are then made on the appearance of the thalluses and their radius. The evaluation of mycelial development in each dish is carried out with the naked eye and- the determinations carried out are checked under the microscope.
The operations are carried out in June and July, on three series of wheat stems, varieties
Nebraska, Lutin and Corin, each sampled on the basis of a first empirical evaluation, assuming the presence of one of the three foot diseases rather than the other two.
Under these conditions, the following percentage inhibition distribution is obtained for the diagnosis carried out, for the diseases under study:
4 4 Single disease Combination Miscellaneous, of 2 diseases bacteria, yeast, no effect I E S F E+F +F E 80X 8% 8X 4X S 90X 4X 3X ZX 1% F 90X 8X 2X E = Eyespot S = Sharp eyespot F = Fusarium
Example 2::
Very satisfactory results are obtained by following the procedure of Example 1, replacing the iprodione' in the "eyespot" medium with 30 ppm of tolclophos-methyl.
Example 3:
The procedure of Example 1 is followed, adding 10 ppm of carbendazim to the eyespot medium as defined. Additionally, by.applying laboratory strains of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides which are resistant to carbendazim, it is observed that this fungus develops well on the "eyespot" medium according to the invention.
Example 4;
The procedure of Example 1 is followed, using 20 ppm of polyoxin and 70 ppm of chlorothalonil as the fungicidally active substances in the Fusarium medium.
These examples show clearly the simplicity and convenience of the method according to the invention which can easily be carried out by a relatively inexperienced person. This method can be applied to the identification of the diseases above in all plants concerned, in particular, wheat, oats, barley and rye.
This technique is particularly effective for early determinations at a stage where the distinctive identification of each of the diseases of the disease complex of cereal foot diseases is very difficult, even impossible for the average farmer.
Claims (19)
1. A method for the identification of a cereal foot disease, which comprises bringing into contact parts of a diseased cereal stem with three in vitro culture media respectively, the media being:
a) an "eyespot" medium, selective for Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, which inhibits or suppresses the growth of Fusarium sp and Rhizoctonia sp and optionally other pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi, without suppressing the growth of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,
b) a "sharp eyespot" -medium, selective for Rhizoctonia sp, which inhibits or suppresses the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp and of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, and optionally other pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi, without suppressing the growth of Rhizoctonia sp., and
c) a "Fusarium" medium, selective for Fusarium sp, which inhibits or suppresses the growth of
Rhizoctonia sp and of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, and optionally other pathogenic or non-pathogenic fungi, wihout suppressing the growth of Fusarium sp, and identifying the disease as that in whose selective medium fungus grows.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which'the "eyespot" medium comprises either from 160 to 240 ppm of ditalimfos and (i) from 4 to 6 ppm of iprodione or (ii) an equivalent dose of a N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)- 1 2-dicarboximide of formula A:
in which R is either the radical:
in which R1 is the methoxymethyl or ethoxycarbonyl or vinyl radical, or the radical:
in which:
either R2 and R5 are methyl radicals and R3 and R4 together form a methylene chain, or R2, R4 and R5 are each a hydrogen atom, R3 is the vinyl, hydrogen or methoxymethyl radical, or (iii) 24 to 36 ppm of 2,6-dichloro-p-tolyl 0,0-dimethyl phosphorothioate, or from 24 to 36 ppm of tolclophos-methyl and from 24 to 36 ppm of pentachloronitrobenzene.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which the ''eyespot medium" additionaly comprises from 8 to 12 ppm of carbendazim or an equivalent dose of a carbendazim precursor.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the "sharp eyespot medium" comprises from 0.4 to 0.6 ppm of carbendazim or an equivalent dose of a carbendazim precursor and 0.4 to 2 ppm of prochloraz.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the "Fusarium medium'' either comprises (i) from 1.6 to 2.4 ppm of penconazol or 4 to 6 ppm of flutriafol and (ii) from 4 to 6 ppm of iprodione or an equivalent dose of compound A as defined in claim 2, or comprises from 16 to 24 ppm of polyoxin and 56 to 84 ppm of chlorothalonil.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims which further comprises, as a control, bringing a part of the diseased cereal stem into contact with a fourth in vitro culture medium which does not inhibit or suppress the growth of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,
Rhizoctonia sp. or Fusarium sp.
7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims which further comprises bringing a part of the diseased cereal stem into contact with a fifth in vitro culture medium which comprises 5 to 50 ppm of carbendazim, or an equivalent dose of a precursor of carbendazim.
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the culture media comprise a nutrient medium which contains one or more antibiotics.
9. A method for identification of a cereal foot disease which method is substantially as hereinbefore described.
10. A device suitable for the implementation of the method according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises 3 regions (hereinafter called selective regions) which respectively contain the culture media (a), (b) and (c) as defined in claim 1.
11. A device as claimed in claim 10 which further comprises a control region which comprises the culture medium as defined in claim 6.
12. A device as claimed in claim 10 or 11 which further comprises a region containing an eyespot selective medium containing from 5 to 50 ppm of carbendazim or of one of its precursors.
13. A device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, in which the various regions are juxtaposed such that the culture media are in contact with one another.
14. A device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, in which the various regions are separated into distinct compartments each containing one of the culture media.
15. A device according to any one of claims 10 to 14, which comprises a portable unit which comprises a series of vessels containing the culture media.
16. A device according to any one of the preceding claims in which the regions are marked with lines by which the extent of fungus which grows in the region may be measured.
17. A device for use in a method for identification of a cereal foot disease which device is substantially as hereinbefore described.
18. A substrate comprising at least three regions, the regions being impregnated with fungicides which inhibit or suppress the growth of Fusarium sp and Rhizoctonia sp without suppressing the growth of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides; inhibit or suppress the growth of Fusarium sp and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides without suppressing the growth- of Rhizoctonia sp. and Pseudocerosporella herpotrichoides without suppressing the growth of Fusarium sp.
respectively, and optionally impregnated with one or more antibiotics.
19. A substrate as claimed in claim 18 which further comprises a fourth region, which may optionally be impregnated with one or more antibiotics, but which is not impregnated with a fungicide which will inhibit or suppress the growth of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,
Rhizoctonia sp or Fusarium sp.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8514403A FR2587722B1 (en) | 1985-09-25 | 1985-09-25 | METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING FUNGAL DISEASES OF PLANTS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8623047D0 GB8623047D0 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| GB2180853A true GB2180853A (en) | 1987-04-08 |
| GB2180853B GB2180853B (en) | 1989-12-13 |
Family
ID=9323348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8623047A Expired GB2180853B (en) | 1985-09-25 | 1986-09-25 | Method and device for the identification of fungal diseases of plants |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE905482A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3630329A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK454786A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2587722B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2180853B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8602384A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990002948A1 (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1990-03-22 | Pegasus Lab. Ab | A method and a compositon for the determination of microbial contamination in grain using polymeric two-phase systems |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2663192B1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1994-01-14 | Schering Sa | EARLY DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR CONTAMINATION OF CEREAL PLANTS BY A MUSHROOM AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1248197A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1971-09-29 | Abbott Lab | Diagnostic method and apparatus for the detection of bacteria |
| GB1434092A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1976-04-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Diagnostic devices for detecting the presence of bacteria |
| GB1554193A (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1979-10-17 | Boehringer Sohn Ingelheim | Nutrient media for microbiological testing |
| GB2037811A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1980-07-16 | Orion Yhtymae Oy | Identification of Microorganisms |
| GB2141136A (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-12 | Basildon Moulding Company Limi | Dip slide |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1331874A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1963-07-05 | Mast Lab Ltd | Device for studying the action of chemical compounds on microorganisms |
| GB1132455A (en) * | 1965-10-30 | 1968-11-06 | Albert John Oliver | Means for testing the action of chemical compounds on micro-organisms |
-
1985
- 1985-09-25 FR FR8514403A patent/FR2587722B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-09-05 DE DE19863630329 patent/DE3630329A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-09-22 NL NL8602384A patent/NL8602384A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-09-24 BE BE0/217203A patent/BE905482A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-24 DK DK454786A patent/DK454786A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-09-25 GB GB8623047A patent/GB2180853B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1248197A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1971-09-29 | Abbott Lab | Diagnostic method and apparatus for the detection of bacteria |
| GB1434092A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1976-04-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Diagnostic devices for detecting the presence of bacteria |
| GB1554193A (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1979-10-17 | Boehringer Sohn Ingelheim | Nutrient media for microbiological testing |
| GB2037811A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1980-07-16 | Orion Yhtymae Oy | Identification of Microorganisms |
| GB2141136A (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-12 | Basildon Moulding Company Limi | Dip slide |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ARCH. FUR. LEBENMITTELHYGIENE (1982)33(6)PP160-4 CORRY. J ET AL * |
| MEDED FAC LANDBOUWWET RIJKSUNIV GENT (1983)48(3)PP531-9 MEUNIER ET AL * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990002948A1 (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1990-03-22 | Pegasus Lab. Ab | A method and a compositon for the determination of microbial contamination in grain using polymeric two-phase systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2587722A1 (en) | 1987-03-27 |
| GB2180853B (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| GB8623047D0 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| BE905482A (en) | 1987-03-24 |
| NL8602384A (en) | 1987-04-16 |
| FR2587722B1 (en) | 1988-05-20 |
| DK454786D0 (en) | 1986-09-24 |
| DE3630329A1 (en) | 1987-04-02 |
| DK454786A (en) | 1987-03-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Lockwood et al. | Responses of fungi to nutrient-limiting conditions and to inhibitory substances in natural habitats | |
| Brake et al. | Effect of a quaternary ammonium sanitizer for hatching eggs on their contamination, permeability, water loss, and hatchability | |
| Gadd | Toxicity screening using fungi and yeasts | |
| Mandels et al. | A rapid cell volume assay for fungitoxicity using fungus spores | |
| Lin et al. | A nylon membrane bag assay for determination of the effect of chemicals on soilborne plant pathogens in soil | |
| Scott et al. | Screening sanitizing agents and methods of application for hatching eggs III. Effect of concentration and exposure time on embryo viability | |
| Maehara et al. | Effect of blue-stain fungi on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) | |
| GB2180853A (en) | Method and device for the identification of fungal diseases of plants | |
| Brant et al. | Some physical factors related to egg spoilage | |
| Trinci | Effect of validamycin A andl-sorbose on the growth and morphology ofRhizoctonia cerealis andRhizoctonia solani | |
| Lowings | The fungal contamination of Kentish strawberry fruits in 1955 | |
| Mauldin et al. | Rearing two subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes and Coptotermes formosanus, on artificial diets | |
| Oukhouia et al. | In-vitro study of anti-Fusarium effect of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and menthol | |
| Van Gestel et al. | Vapour phase activity of imazalil | |
| Barrington et al. | A method for rearing Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant)(Coleoptera Cerambycidae) larvae on a modified artificial diet | |
| NL9500378A (en) | Paste-like compositions for controlling unwanted animal organisms and fungal diseases in plants. | |
| Rosenberger et al. | Fungicide strategies for control of benomyl-tolerant Penicillium expansum in apple storages | |
| El Kichaoui | Safe approach to the biological control of the fusarium oxysporum by soil isolates of Bacillus species from Gaza strip | |
| Lustig et al. | Effect of Tribolium castaneum infestation on fat acidity, seed germination, and microflora of stored wheat | |
| Robertson et al. | TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): I. CONTACT AND FEEDING TOXICITY12 | |
| Drong et al. | Calorimetric investigations of pollution by xenobiotics | |
| Plumbley et al. | The effect of imazalil in the control of decay in yellow yam caused by Penicillium sclerotigenum | |
| Kirby | A comparison of serial washing and surface sterilization | |
| Samra | Relative value and mode of action of some fungicides used as seed disinfectants and protectants | |
| Forney et al. | Reduction of adenosine triphosphate in eggs of Fuller rose beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) induced by lethal temperature and methyl bromide |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |