GB2174625A - Trailing blade web coater - Google Patents
Trailing blade web coater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2174625A GB2174625A GB08610706A GB8610706A GB2174625A GB 2174625 A GB2174625 A GB 2174625A GB 08610706 A GB08610706 A GB 08610706A GB 8610706 A GB8610706 A GB 8610706A GB 2174625 A GB2174625 A GB 2174625A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- web
- gap
- orifice plate
- coating liquid
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
- D21H23/34—Knife or blade type coaters
- D21H23/36—Knife or blade forming part of the fluid reservoir, e.g. puddle-type trailing blade or short-dwell coaters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
- D21H5/0012—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by bringing paper into contact with an excess of fluids, the paper carrying away only a part of the fluid material, e.g. by passing through liquids, gases or vapours
- D21H5/0015—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by bringing paper into contact with an excess of fluids, the paper carrying away only a part of the fluid material, e.g. by passing through liquids, gases or vapours only one side of the paper being in contact with the treating medium, e.g. paper carried by support
Abstract
A trailing blade web coater is modified in that the orifice plate (52) is provided with a shear plate (62) which has an elongate upper surface (70) so that the reverse flow of liquid coating material out of the gap (72) is sheared against the web for an extended distance and time. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in applicators for pager coaters
This invention reiates to applicators for applying liquid coating material to a moving web of paper, for example as disclosed in US Patent
No. 4,250,211.
In that applicator, coating material is introduced in excess into a relatively narrow application zone for being applied on a web carried through the zone. A forward wall of the applicator defines a relatively narrow gap with the web at the upstream end of the application zone, and excess material in the zone overflows through the gap and forms therein a liquid seal, so that coating material in the zone and as applied to the web is maintained under pressure. The speed of the web is adjusted for a relatively short dwell time in the zone, and a flexible coater blade doctors the web at the downstream end of the zone, thereby removing excess material from the web and uniformly spreading the material on the web.In consequence of the short dwell time of the pressurized application of coating material on the web, an appropriate yet lightweight amount of coating may be applied without need for high blade pressures.
A desirable characteristic of applicators of the type disclosed in Patent No. 4,250,211 is that coating material be uniformly applied onto the web, so that the material is doctored evenly to produce a very uniform coat weight on the web with less tendency for streaking of the coating.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved applicator of the type discussed above.
According to this invention, such an improved applicator is characterised by the features set out in appended Claim 1.
The foregoing and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent upon a consideration of the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is fragmentary, cross sectional, side elevation view of one embodiment of applicator in accordance with the invention, having an orifice plate with a configured upper end to provide an extended length of passage through the gap through which excess coating fluid flows to form a liquid seal.
Figure 2 is generally similar to Figure 1, and illustrates another contemplated configuration of the upper end of the orifice plate;
Figure 3 is also similar to Figure 1, and shows a further contemplated configuration of the upper end of the orifice plate which both decreases the volume of the application zone and provides an extended length of passage through the gap; and
Figure 4 is a fragmentary cross sectional illustration of a two-sided coater which has increased length passages through gaps leading from application zones.
Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of applicator, or coater portion of a paper coating machine, with which the teachings of the present invention may advantageously be used.
The applicator, indicated geneally at 20, is elongate and extends parallel to, transversely of, and coextensively with, a backing roll 22, which rotates in the direction shown by an arrow 24 and supports a web of paper 26 during its travel through an application zone.
The applicator has rear and front walls 28 and 20 forming a coating material supply chamber 32 therebetween for reception of liquid coating material under pressure, and the walls converge upwardly toward one another and define a narrow outlet orifice or metering slot 34 which extends upwardly adjacent to, transversely across, and facing the web support surface of the roll.
The applicator also includes a main support beam 36 extending parallel to and coextensively with the backing roll 22. The applicator rear wall 28 has a lip 38 at its upper end, and a flexible doctor or coater blade 40 at the downstream or trailing end of the application zone is held against a rearward surface of the lip by a pneumatic tube 42 contained within a channel in the support member 44, the tube being expandable by the introduction of fluid under pressure therein to press against the blade. The blade extends upwardly into engagement with the web 26 supported on the backing roll and serves to meter and level coating applied onto the web.A tip 46 of the blade is urged or loaded against the web by a second pneumatic tube 48 contained within a channel in an upper support member 50, and the amount of coating applied to the web is influenced by the force of the blade tip against the web.
An elongate orifice plate 52, extending transversely of the applicator, is mounted on the front wall 30 and is vertically adjustable thereon, and converges at its upper end toward the roll supported web. The orifice plate, which is relatively thin and nominally 1/4" thick, has a tapered upper end 54 terminating in a free upper edge or point 56 juxtaposed to, but slightly spaced from, the web, such that a space or gap 58 between the upper edge and the web at the forward, leading or upstream end of an application zone 60 is relatively small and less than one inch. As will be described, excess liquid coating material introduced into the zone from the chamber 32 and through the metering slot 34 overflows from the zone through the gap and forms a liquid seal in the gap at the forward end of the zone, thereby enabling pressurized application of coating material onto the web in the zone.At the two side ends of the application zone 60, the spaces between the coater blade 40 and orifice plate 52 are sealed off by edge dams (not shown) in a manner weil known in the art, thereby to define the generally closed coating material application zone downstream from the metering slot 34 and between the web, doctor blade and gap 58.
To the extent described, the applicator is generally of the type disclosed in detail in US
Patent No. 4,250,211 discussed above, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. For a more specific description of the applicator, reference is made to that Patent.
In operation of the applicator, to the extent described and as taught by Patent No.
4,250,211, coating liquid is introduced into the chamber 32 under sufficient pressure and in sufficient quantity to completely fill the chamber, metering slot 34 and application zone 60 defined by the doctor blade 40, orifice plate 52 and end dams, and to cause a continuous, copious flow of coating material reversely of the direction of web travel through the narrow space or gap 58 defined between the upper edge 56 of the orifice plate and the web. This forms a liquid seal between the edge and web and causes the coating liquid to be applied to the web in a very narrow, transverse band under a continuous positive pressure.The copious excess of coating liquid that flows through the gap reversely of the direction of web travel forms a nonabrasive liquid seal with the web at the upstream or forward end of the coating application zone; causes the coating liquid in the zone to be maintained under pressure and to be applied to the web under pressure; seals off the forward edge of the zone against entry of air and foreign matter; strips air from the high speed web and prevents such air from causing streaks or skips in the coating on the web; and results in the coater blade 40 doctoring the coating liquid while the liquid is held under pressure.
As mentioned, to produce a uniform weight of coating material on the web with less tendency for streaking of the coating, it is necessary that the coating be very uniformly appied.
Although the applicator disclosed in US Patent
No. 4,250,211 uniformly applies liquid coating material onto the web, it has been found that even further improvements may be obtained by increasing the surface area of the orifice plate facing the web, so that the length of the gap in the direction of web flow is increased and the reverse flow of coating liquid flowing out of the gap is sheared against the web for a longer period of time. In the applicator of
Figure 1, the conventional orifice plate 52 is, as described, only of the order of 1/4" thick and has the free upper end 54 which tapers to the point 56 defining the gap with the web.The tip of the orifice plate therefore presents only a very limited surface area adjacent to and facing the web, with the result that the reverse flow of coating material flowing out of the gap is sheared against the web for only a very limited distance and time.
Accordingly, to increase shearing of the coating liquid against the web in the gap, an illustrated in Figure 1 a shear plate, indicated generally at 62 and configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, is mounted on the upper end of the orifice plate 52. The shear plate may include a main body portion 64 and a flange 66 connected to the main body by a plurality of fasteners 68, and extends transversely of the web coextensively with the upper end of the orifice plate.As compared with the limited surface area facing the web as presented by the pointed tip 56 of the orifice plate in Figure 1, an upper surface 70 of the shear plate is elongate in the direction of web travel and defines with the web a gap 72 having an extended passage length, whereby the reverse flow of liquid coating material flowing out of the application zone 60 through the gap is sheared against the web for an increased time and distance.
The surface 70, although extending generally parallel to the surface of the roll 22, advantageously slightly diverges from the roll from its downstream to its upstream end and is radiused at 73, so that the pressure of liquid coating material flowing through the gap is gradually reduced from that in the application zone 60 to atmospheric pressure as it exits the gap and there is a very smooth outflow of coating from the gap. The surface may be flat or slightly convex, and if desired grooves may be provided in the cross machine direction to enhance shearing action of the coating liquid against the web.
Accordingly, coating liquid flowing through the gap is placed under an increased shearing stress or internal friction, which causes the web surface to be covered more uniformly and be free of coating skips. Also, the coating liquid flowing from the gap is a more uniform, less turbulent, flow than is obtainable with a gap, one side of which is defined by a pointed tip of an orifice plate, which further enhances the resulting uniformity of the coating applied onto the web.
The increased shear stress or internal friction placed upon the coating liquid issuing through the gap 72 is based upon the formula:
F = nvA/1 where: F is the force resisting flow of the coating liquid through the gap in the direction opposite to flow; A is the area of the shear plate surface 70 plus the area of the portion of the web opposite therefrom; 1 is the distance between the surface and the web, or the average thickness of the gap; n is the viscosity of the coating liquid; and v is the speed of the web. Thus, for any values of 1, v and n, if A is increased then F is also increased, since F is proportional to A, whereby the increased shear plate surface area places the coating liquid in the gap under a much greater shearing stress or internal friction than would otherwise be the case with a conventional orifice plate.Desirably, the length of the shear plate surface in the direction of web travel is on the order of 1-1/4" + 1/4".
Among the advantages obtained in use of the shear plate are that, due to coating liquid being more intimately held in contact with the web surface, less coating liquid needs to be pumped to prevent coating skip on the web, and with a gap thickness of about 3/8" a flow rate of about 1.7 gpm/inch of machine width has been found to provide very good coverage. Also, since the coating liquid overflow from the coater head through the gap is an even, uniform flow and not wild and turbulent, boundary layer air is removed from the web surface more completely than when a conventional orifice plate arrangement is used.
Figure 2 illustrates a unitary shear plate 74 structured according to another embodiment of the invention, carried on the upper end of the orifice plate 52 by means of a slot 76 in the shear plate which receives the tip 56 of the orifice plate. The shear plate has a surface 78 positioned closely adjacent to and facing the web to define therewith a gap 80, and the surface is radiused at 81 and elongate and slightly diverging from the web in the direction of coating liquid flow through the gap to provide a passage of increased length through the gap. Except for the shear plate being unitary, it is structurally similar to and functions as does the shear plate 62.
Figure 3 illustrates a shear plate 82 having a member 84 connected with the shear plate for mounting it on the orifice plate. In this embodiment, the shear plate not only provides a shear zone in a gap 86 defined between an elongate surface 88 of the shear plate and the web, but also reduces the volume of the application zone cavity by virtue of being positioned therein. The purpose of reducing the application zone volume is to restrict the path of coating liquid flows that it is more laminar and less turbulent in the zone.Studies indicate that impulse pressure forces of turbulent coating liquid in the application zone may affect blade tip doctoring forces and therefore coating weight on the web in localized areas, and the more laminar flow provided by placement of the shear plate in the zone reduces such impulse pressure forces and results in improved uniformity of coating weight on the paper web. At the same time, the upper surface 88 of the shear plate, which is radiused at 89, provides an increased length passage through the gap, and in combination with the laminar flow of coating liquid in the application zone the result is an even, uniform overflow which removes boundary layer air from the surface of the web to an extent considerably greater than may be accomplished in the absence of the shear plate.
In Figure 4 there is a fourth embodiment of the invention in which a pair of applicators 20 are on opposite sides of a paper web 90 carried upwardly therebetween. The applicators are generally mirror images of one another with the web disposed between them, so that both sides of the web can be coated simultaneously. Of particular advantage is that no backing roll is needed, since one of the applicators supports the web for the other, which permits the applicators to be located on a coating machine in a location where there is no backing roll.
In operation of the applicators as a twosided coater, and as taught by US Patent No.
4,250,211, coating liquid is introduced into the chambers 32 under sufficient pressure and in sufficient quantity to completely fill the chambers, metering slots 34 and application zones 60 defined by and between the doctor blades 46, orifice plates 52 and web 90, to cause a continuous, copious outflow of coating material through the narrow spaces or gaps defined between the ends 54 of thme orifice plates and opposite sides of the web.
This forms liquid seals in the gaps and causes coating liquid to be applied to opposite sides of the web in a transverse band under a constant positive pressure.
Absent more, the length of the passages through the gaps would be very short. However, according to the invention, a shear plate 94 on the outer surface of each orifice plate 52 defines with the web a relatively long gap 96 through which coating liquid exiting the application zone flows and forms a liquid seal.
The shear plates are radiused at 98 and configured so that the gaps progressively increase in thickness from their downstream to their upstream ends, thereby to gradually reduce the pressure of coating liquid to atmospheric pressure as it exits the gaps, while at the same time placing the coating liquid under greater shear stress or internal friction to cause opposite surfaces of the web to be covered more uniformly.
While embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, various modifications and other embodiments thereof may be devised by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended Claims. For example, while the shear plates of Figures 2-4 are structured for mounting on the upper tapered end of a conventional orifice plate, they could just as readily be integral portions of orifice plates. In the alternative, the upper tapered end of a conventional orifice plate could be cut off and either a shear plate according to the invention, or a member defining the conventional tapered end of an orifice plate, could then be mounted on the remaining por tion of the plate as desired.
Claims (10)
1. An applicator for applying liquid coating material to a moving web of paper of the type including an elongate body defining an elongate chamber therein with an elongate opening thereto positionable adjacent to and transversely across the web; doctor means extending from said body downstream of said opening, in the direction of web travel, against and transversely across the web; an orifice plate extending from said body upstream of said opening to an end thereof facing and closely toward but spaced from and transversely of the web to define a gap therewith; and means for introducing a copious excess of coating liquid under pressure into said chamber for being directed through said opening into an application zone defined by the web and said doctor means and orifice plate for application onto the web and for flow through said gap to form a liquid seal therein, characterized in that said end of said orifice plate extending toward the web is enlarged and provided with a surface which faces the web and is elongate generally in the direction of web travel and defines said gap with the web, so that said gap has an increased length in the direction of coating liquid flow therethrough to increase the shear force of the coating liquid against the web as it travels through said gap for uniform application of coating liquid onto the web.
2. An applicator according to Claim 1, wherein said elongate surface gradually diverges from the web from its downstream to its upstream end, so that said gap increases in size from its downstream to its upstream end and the pressure of coating liquid is reduced as it flows through said gap.
3. An applicator according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the web is carried on a backing roll through said gap and said elongate surface is curved generally in conformity with the curvature of the roll.
4. An applicator according to Claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein said elongate surface has a length on the order of 1/2 inch to 2 inches in the direction of web travel.
5. An applicator according to any preceding
Claim, wherein said elongate surface has a length on the order of 1 inch to 1 1/2 inches in the direction of web travel.
6. An applicator according to any preceding
Claim, wherein said enlarged end of said orifice plate is removably mounted on said orifice plate.
7. An applicator according to any preceding
Claim, wherein said enlarged end of said orifice plate is integral with said orifice plate.
8. An applicator according to Claim 6, wherein said shear plate extends into said application zone to decrease the volume of said zone to provide a laminar flow of coating liquid through said zone and gap to uniformly apply coating liquid onto the web.
9. A coating arrangement comprising two applicators according to any preceding Claim, which are arranged symmetrically on each side of the moving web opposite to each other.
10. An applicator for applying liquid coating material to a moving web of paper constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73208785A | 1985-05-09 | 1985-05-09 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8610706D0 GB8610706D0 (en) | 1986-06-04 |
| GB2174625A true GB2174625A (en) | 1986-11-12 |
| GB2174625B GB2174625B (en) | 1989-08-31 |
Family
ID=24942141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8610706A Expired GB2174625B (en) | 1985-05-09 | 1986-05-01 | Improvements in applicators for paper coaters |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0783854B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8602272A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3612248C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI83734C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2581570B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2174625B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1189112B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5266114A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-11-30 | Yasui Seiki Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for supplying gravure coating material |
| EP0752497A2 (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1997-01-08 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH | Apparatus for applying a fluid material onto a web |
| EP0796002A1 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-17 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Method for enhanced print quality on print engines with at least one high resolution dimension |
| US5885350A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1999-03-23 | J.M. Voith Gmbh | Coating device for webs of paper or board |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3734900A1 (en) * | 1987-05-07 | 1988-12-01 | Voith Gmbh J M | DEVICE FOR COATING A RUNNING PAPER OR CARDBOARD |
| DE3942590C2 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1996-02-01 | Voith Gmbh J M | Coating device |
| EP0406529B1 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1994-06-29 | J.M. Voith GmbH | Coating device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2107222A (en) * | 1981-10-07 | 1983-04-27 | Beloit Corp | A fountain coating applicator |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4250211A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1981-02-10 | Consolidated Papers, Inc. | Paper coating method and apparatus |
| US4396648A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1983-08-02 | Consolidated Papers, Inc. | Paper coating apparatus and method |
| US4452833A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1984-06-05 | Consolidated Papers, Inc. | Paper coating method |
| JPH0653245B2 (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1994-07-20 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Coating equipment |
| AT394668B (en) * | 1984-11-17 | 1992-05-25 | Voith Gmbh J M | DEVICE FOR COATING CONTINUOUS GOODS WITH A COATING MEASUREMENT |
-
1986
- 1986-04-11 DE DE3612248A patent/DE3612248C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-21 FI FI861663A patent/FI83734C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-01 GB GB8610706A patent/GB2174625B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-08 IT IT20371/86A patent/IT1189112B/en active
- 1986-05-09 BR BR8602272A patent/BR8602272A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-09 FR FR868607013A patent/FR2581570B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-09 JP JP61105068A patent/JPH0783854B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2107222A (en) * | 1981-10-07 | 1983-04-27 | Beloit Corp | A fountain coating applicator |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5266114A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-11-30 | Yasui Seiki Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for supplying gravure coating material |
| US5885350A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1999-03-23 | J.M. Voith Gmbh | Coating device for webs of paper or board |
| EP0752497A2 (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1997-01-08 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH | Apparatus for applying a fluid material onto a web |
| EP0752497A3 (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1997-05-21 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Apparatus for applying a fluid material onto a web |
| AT409349B (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 2002-07-25 | Voith Ag J M | APPLICATION DEVICE FOR APPLYING FLOWABLE SUBSTANCES ON MATERIAL RAILS |
| EP0796002A1 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-17 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Method for enhanced print quality on print engines with at least one high resolution dimension |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3612248A1 (en) | 1986-11-27 |
| IT1189112B (en) | 1988-01-28 |
| DE3612248C2 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
| JPS6242763A (en) | 1987-02-24 |
| FI861663A0 (en) | 1986-04-21 |
| JPH0783854B2 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| FR2581570B1 (en) | 1989-12-01 |
| IT8620371A0 (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| FI83734B (en) | 1991-05-15 |
| GB2174625B (en) | 1989-08-31 |
| IT8620371A1 (en) | 1987-11-08 |
| FR2581570A1 (en) | 1986-11-14 |
| GB8610706D0 (en) | 1986-06-04 |
| FI861663A (en) | 1986-11-10 |
| FI83734C (en) | 1991-08-26 |
| BR8602272A (en) | 1987-01-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19960501 |