GB2170795A - Composite mulch - Google Patents
Composite mulch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2170795A GB2170795A GB08503313A GB8503313A GB2170795A GB 2170795 A GB2170795 A GB 2170795A GB 08503313 A GB08503313 A GB 08503313A GB 8503313 A GB8503313 A GB 8503313A GB 2170795 A GB2170795 A GB 2170795A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- mulch
- composite
- peat
- composite mulch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A composite mulch is made from cellulose fibre and lignin, a solid fertilizer which will only release its nutrient content slowly, a weed suppressant which will only kill seeds as they germinate, shredded or pulverized bark, and peat in the preferred but not essential proportions, by weight, 23.50%, 30.00%, 1.50%, 30.00% and 15.00% respectively. The cellulose fibre and lignin may be made from waste newspapers, magazines, books, cardboard or kraft paper. The solid fertilizer may be chemical of the "controlled release" type or may be organic fertilizer made from rotted (composted) waste from poultry rearing deep-litter houses; crushed feathers or bones or heads or feet of poultry; cow or horse manure and the incorporated bedding material from cow-sheds or stables; said waste being milled into small fragments or particles and dried. The aforementioned constituents are mixed together and incorporated as uniformly as possible.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Composite mulch
This invention relates to a composite mulch.
Flower, vegetable, shrub and tree growers have used various types of mulch, such as farmyard manure, straw, peat, compost, grass cuttings, sawdust, bark and black polythene sheet to control weeds by smothering them, and to assist plant growth by conserving moisture, keeping the roots cool and supplying nutrients as the material decomposes. They all have one or more inherent disadvantages in that they are malodourous, unsightly, unhygienic, lack nutrients or have to be used in large quantities to be effective.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a mulch that is free from the aforementioned disadvantages.
Accordingly, the present invention consists of a composite mulch which comprises a solid fertilizer, which only disperses slowly, a weed suppressant, peat, and shredded or pulverized bark, all of said fertilizer, said weed suppressant, said peat and said bark being incorporated in a cellulose fibre and lignin binder. Said weed suppressant should be of the pre-emergence residual type of herbicide that is only effective against freshly germinated weed seeds, and is not harmful to established plants. Said solid fertilizer may be either wholly organic or a chemical "controlled release" or encapsulated fertilizer.
It has been found that a composite mulch according to the invention is far more efficient than existing mulches discussed in the second paragraph of this description because the composite mulch need only be spread to a thickness of five millimetres instead of at least twenty millimetres for existing mulches.
The weed suppressant effectively kills any weed seeds as they germinate and because the fertilizer is maintained in an evenly dispersed condition in the composite mulch, it releases nutrients evenly to existing plants.
It is at present considered that the following percentages by weight, give a satisfactory composition from which a composite mulch according to the present invention can be made
Cellulose fibres and lignin from 10% to 80% but preferably 23.50%
Fertilizer from 10% to 60% but preferably 30.00%
Peat from 10% to 60% but preferably 15.00%
Bark from 10% to 60% but preferably 30.00%
Weed suppressant from 0.1% to 10% but preferably 1.50%
The organic fertilizer which is mentioned by way of example and which has been used so far, with excellent results, is waste material from deep litter houses in which poultry are intensively reared. This waste is wood shavings and poultry manure; this is allowed to rot down or compost for about one to three months, and is then milled into small fragments and particles and dried.Solid chemical fertilizers are, however, available which are of a so called "controlled release" or encapsulated kind and it is thought that these could be used instead of, or to supplement, a wholly organic fertilizer with excellent results.
The fertilizer is then mixed with the peat, bark, and weed suppressant and is incorporated as uniformly as possible into the mass of cellulose fibres and lignin binder obtained from waste newspapers, magazines, books, cardboard or kraft paper by suitable treatment. In one form, said suitable treatment is by passing the said materials through a suitable hammer mill and granulator to break them down into a fibrous mixture.
When required for use the composition can be spread evenly over the surface to be mulched and then saturated by spraying water gently over it. Another method of application is to mix the composition with sufficient water to form a pulp. This pulp is then spread, or sprayed, evenly on the surface to be mulched. The water will drain and evaporate from the pulp to leave a mulch having all the advantages of this present invention.
According to a further method of carrying the invention into effect the dry composition is formed into compressed pellets of 2mm to 6mm in diameter. Said pellets are then spread evenly over the surface to be mulched and are soaked with water from a suitable appliance to bed them down and to activate the ingredients in the composite mulch.
The composite mulch may be pigmented, either by the inclusion of a pigment added to the dry composition, or by addition of a pigment when the composition is pulped with water.
According to a further method of carrying the invention into effect a fibrous sheet material is manufacture from the composition on a paper making machine. The fibrous sheet material can then be laid on the surface to be mulched, and dampened with water to become malleable and conform to the contours of the surface on which it has been laid.
According, therefore, to a further aspect of the present invention a method of sowing seeds comprises the steps of forming a pulp from the composition comprising said cellulose fibres and lignin, said fertilizer, said peat and said bark to the percentages by weight given above, but excluding the weed suppres sant. To this pulp the seeds to be sown are added and mixed thoroughly. This pulp can be spread, or sprayed, onto the surface where the seeds are to grow.
It has been found by using this method of sowing that the seeds are bound in place by the cellulose fibres in the composition and are maintained in an evenly dispersed condition as the seeds cannot be blown away by the wind as happens with the existing sowing system of mixing seeds with poultry manure.
According to a further method of carrying the invention into effect a fibrous sheet material is manufactured on a paper making machine from the composition comprising said peat, said bark, said fertilizer and said cellulose fibres and lignin, and the seeds that are to be sewn. The fibrous sheet material can then be laid on the surface where the seeds are to be grown; dampened with water to become malleable and conform to the contours of the soil on which the fibrous sheet material has been laid.
It has been found that where a more aerated texture to the composite mulch is required, this can be achieved by adding a suitable foaming agent to the composition. It has further been found that by adding a suitable surfacant to the composition this improves the adhesion of the material when positioned in place before dry. It has further been found that the water retention properties of the mulch can be considerably enhanced by adding water absorbing polymers.
The preferred source, at present, of the cellulose fibres and lignin is old newspapers, which are fairly easy to buy in suitably large quantities. An alternative source of these materials is waste magazines, books, cardboard, kraft paper, and other sources (such for example as straw) may be found eventually.
Horse, cow or pig manure with, or without, the usual additional straw or other bedding material would also be suitable as the organic fertilizer.
Claims (21)
1. A composite mulch which comprises a solid fertilizer which will only release its nutrient content slowly, a weed suppressant which will only kill seeds as they germinate, peat, shredded or pulverized bark and a cellulose fibre and lignin made from waste newpapers, magazines, books, card board or kraft paper; said solid fertilizer, said weed suppressant, said peat, said shredded or pulverized bark and said cellulose fibre and lignin all being mixed into an evenly dispersed composition.
2. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the solid fertilizer is wholly organic.
3. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the solid fertilizer is a chemical "controlled release" or encapsulated fertilizer.
4. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the solid fertilizer content comprises a mixture of a wholly organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer.
5. A composite mulch as claimed in any of the proceeding claims wherein the constituent materials are present in the following percentages by weight, namely
Cellulose fibres and lignin from 10% to 80%
Fertilizer from 10% to 60% Peat from 10% to 60% Bark from 10% to 60% Weed suppressant from 0.1% to 10%
6. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the preferred percentages by weight are
Cellulose fibre and lignin 23.50%
Fertilizer 30.00%
Peat 15.00% Bark 30.00%
Weed suppressant 1.50%
7. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 2 or as claimed in Claim 5 when appended to Claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is waste material from deep litter houses in which poultry are intensively reared.
8. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 7 wherein said waste material is essentially wood shavings and poultry manure which are allowed to rot down or compost for about one to three months and which are then milled into small fragments or particles and then dried.
9. A method of making a composite mulch which comprises a solid fertilizer which will only release its nutrient content slowly, a weed suppressant which will only kill seeds as they germinate, peat, shredded or pulverized bark, and a cellulose fibre and lignin, said method comprising the following steps, namely a) defibring newspapers, magazines, books, cardboard or kraft paper into individual fibres or small clumps of fibres.
b) mixing said indiviudal fibres or small clumps of fibres with said solid fertilizer, said peat, said bark and said weed suppressant until they are dispersed as uniformly as possible.
10. A method as claimed in Claim 9 in which the newspapers, magazines, books, cardboard or kraft paper are defibred before mixing with said solid fertilizer, said weed suppressant said peat and said bark by passing said newspapers, magazines, books, cardboard or kraft paper through a suitable granulator and hammer mill.
11. A method as claimed in Claim 9 or Claim 10 wherein the solid fertilizer is a wholly organic fertilizer which is treated in the following manner a) allowing waste material obtained from deep litter houses in which poultry are intensively reared to rot down or compost.
b) milling said rotted or composted waste material into small fragments or particles.
c) drying said milled material
d) incorporating the milled and dried material as uniformly as possible with cellulose fibre and lignin, peat, bark and weed suppressant; the relative proportions by weight of the constituents being kept as follows Cellulose fibre and lignin from 10% to 80% but preferably 23.50%
Fertilizer from 10% to 60% but preferably 30.00%
Peat from 10% to 60% but preferably 15.00%
Bark from 10% to 60% but preferably 30.00%
Weed suppressant from 0.1% to 10% but preferably 1.50%
12. A composite mulch as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the composition is formed into compressed pellets from 2mm to 6mm in diameter.
13. A composite mulch substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. A method of making a composite mulch as claimed in Claim 13 substantially as hereinbfore de scribed.
15. A composite mulch as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the composition is diluted with water and manufactured into a fibrous sheet material by the use of a paper making machine.
16. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the weed suppressant is excluded and seeds are incorporated.
17. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 16 wherein the composition is diluted with water and manufactured into a fibrous sheet material by the use of a paper making machine.
18. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 16 wherein a suitable foaming agent is incorporated.
19. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1, Claim 16 or Claim 18 wherein a suitable surfactant is incorporated.
20. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1, Claim 16, Claim 18 or Claim 19 wherein water absorbing polymers are incorporated.
21. A composite mulch as claimed in Claim 1, Claim 12, Claim 16, Claim 18, Claim 19 or Claim 20 wherein a pigment is incorporated.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8503313A GB2170795B (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1985-02-08 | Composite mulch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8503313A GB2170795B (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1985-02-08 | Composite mulch |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8503313D0 GB8503313D0 (en) | 1985-03-13 |
GB2170795A true GB2170795A (en) | 1986-08-13 |
GB2170795B GB2170795B (en) | 1989-04-19 |
Family
ID=10574179
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8503313A Expired GB2170795B (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1985-02-08 | Composite mulch |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2170795B (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3909955A1 (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1989-10-19 | Carl J Ley | Process for producing gardens, parks and planted areas |
AT394299B (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1992-02-25 | Liechtenstein & Hilleshoeg For | Means for weed and pest control in agriculture and forestry |
EP0547702A1 (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-23 | Wetenschappelijk En Technisch Centrum Voor Het Bouwbedrijf | Vegetation-inhibiting product for young plantings |
EP0556150A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-18 | Till Grether | Natural fiber containing sheet material |
EP0640280A1 (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-03-01 | Olivier De Wulf | Compact soil cover based on straw, bark or any other cellulose by-product, to be used instead of the usual soil covers, its production and its use |
AU667021B1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-02-29 | Ecocover Holdings Limited | Mulch or seed mat |
FR2724286A1 (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-15 | Sarl Hermabessiere Entreprise | Bark material used for mulching |
WO1996022011A1 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-25 | Reinhard, Max | Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed control |
WO2001006855A2 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-01 | Ecoval Corporation | Pre-emergence herbicide formed from animal protein |
WO2003050060A1 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-19 | Roland Heinle | Agent for use in sandy soils and method for improving sandy soils by using this agent |
WO2004037748A1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-06 | Tyson Foods, Inc. | Use of feathers as a plant growing media component or soil amendement |
US8474183B2 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2013-07-02 | Encap, Llc. | Colored or fragranced horticultural/agricultural products |
RU2505511C2 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2014-01-27 | Игорь Александрович Дудов | Universal soil mixture "plodorod-record" |
US8835537B2 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2014-09-16 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | Natural fibre based composite material |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2113517A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-08-10 | Organic Fibres Limited | Plant pots |
-
1985
- 1985-02-08 GB GB8503313A patent/GB2170795B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2113517A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-08-10 | Organic Fibres Limited | Plant pots |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3909955A1 (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1989-10-19 | Carl J Ley | Process for producing gardens, parks and planted areas |
AT394299B (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1992-02-25 | Liechtenstein & Hilleshoeg For | Means for weed and pest control in agriculture and forestry |
EP0547702A1 (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-23 | Wetenschappelijk En Technisch Centrum Voor Het Bouwbedrijf | Vegetation-inhibiting product for young plantings |
BE1006371A4 (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-08-02 | Wetenschappelijk En Tech Ct Vo | Vegetation inhibitory product for planting. |
US5463830A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1995-11-07 | Wetenschappelijk En Technisch Centrum Voor Het Bouwbedrijf | Vegetation-inhibiting product for young plantings |
EP0556150A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-18 | Till Grether | Natural fiber containing sheet material |
US5415736A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1995-05-16 | Grether; Till | Natural fiber containing sheet material |
EP0640280A1 (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-03-01 | Olivier De Wulf | Compact soil cover based on straw, bark or any other cellulose by-product, to be used instead of the usual soil covers, its production and its use |
FR2724286A1 (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-15 | Sarl Hermabessiere Entreprise | Bark material used for mulching |
WO1996013560A1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-09 | Ian Lawrence Stevens | Mulch or seed mat |
AU667021B1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-02-29 | Ecocover Holdings Limited | Mulch or seed mat |
US6324781B1 (en) | 1994-10-28 | 2001-12-04 | Ian Lawrence Stevens | Mulch or seed mat |
WO1996022011A1 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-25 | Reinhard, Max | Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed control |
US8474183B2 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2013-07-02 | Encap, Llc. | Colored or fragranced horticultural/agricultural products |
WO2001006855A2 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-01 | Ecoval Corporation | Pre-emergence herbicide formed from animal protein |
WO2001006855A3 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-08-02 | Ecoval Inc | Pre-emergence herbicide formed from animal protein |
WO2003050060A1 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-19 | Roland Heinle | Agent for use in sandy soils and method for improving sandy soils by using this agent |
WO2004037748A1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-06 | Tyson Foods, Inc. | Use of feathers as a plant growing media component or soil amendement |
US8835537B2 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2014-09-16 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | Natural fibre based composite material |
RU2505511C2 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2014-01-27 | Игорь Александрович Дудов | Universal soil mixture "plodorod-record" |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2170795B (en) | 1989-04-19 |
GB8503313D0 (en) | 1985-03-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2079572C (en) | Method for the production of a peat substitute, installation for implementing said method, drying device, application of said method, and peat substitute produced according to said method | |
AU2010227018B2 (en) | Plant growth medium | |
GB2170795A (en) | Composite mulch | |
JPS63109723A (en) | Culture medium and its production | |
GB2113517A (en) | Plant pots | |
WO2013108196A1 (en) | Method for production of casing for cultivating mushrooms and/or plants | |
US2035286A (en) | Fertilizing materials | |
US6399185B1 (en) | Vegetation substrate | |
CN101395999A (en) | Aromatic bare soil organic covering material | |
CA1239292A (en) | Growth promoting material, method of preparing the same, and use of materials of this kind | |
CA2312161C (en) | Composting accelerator for plant-derived material | |
US5674806A (en) | Using aggregates containing cellulose for agricultural and horticultural purposes | |
US6325837B1 (en) | Method of application of organic fertilizer | |
US4253273A (en) | Productive use of cedar hog waste | |
US3353948A (en) | Method of preparing an organic soil conditioner | |
US4906273A (en) | Plant growth medium | |
DE202019103796U1 (en) | Organic native substrate | |
JP2000191388A (en) | High-temperature fermentation compost and its production | |
Ganesan et al. | Nutrient recycling from cashew biomass using vermicomposting technology-proposal for sustainable development | |
JP2004290033A (en) | Method for raising seedling of plant and raising seedling medium for the method | |
DE3909955A1 (en) | Process for producing gardens, parks and planted areas | |
JP2005052099A (en) | Agricultural culture medium and method for culturing crop by using the same culture medium | |
CA1084290A (en) | Mulch material produced from vegetable fibers | |
AU660643B2 (en) | Plant growth medium and plant cultivation method | |
RU2616938C1 (en) | Mulching composition content |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |