GB2169241A - Improvements relating to the manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by the transfer coating particularly imitation leather materials - Google Patents
Improvements relating to the manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by the transfer coating particularly imitation leather materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2169241A GB2169241A GB08528597A GB8528597A GB2169241A GB 2169241 A GB2169241 A GB 2169241A GB 08528597 A GB08528597 A GB 08528597A GB 8528597 A GB8528597 A GB 8528597A GB 2169241 A GB2169241 A GB 2169241A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane
- infra
- drying
- furnace
- support material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/007—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by mechanical or physical treatments
- D06N3/0077—Embossing; Pressing of the surface; Tumbling and crumbling; Cracking; Cooling; Heating, e.g. mirror finish
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2375/00—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for the manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by transfer coating, includes means 11, 13, 15 for successively applying layers of polyurethane material 101, 102, 103 to a laminar support material, 100, eg release paper, means 18 for calendering the coated support material 100 with a second material 200, eg fabric, means for subsequently separating the support material 100 from the calendered second material 200 and polyurethane layers 101, 102, 103 and a plurality of drying furnaces 12', 14', 16', 19' for at least partially drying the material after each process stage. At least one of the furnaces (preferably the furnaces 16' and 19') include short-wave infra-red heating means. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to the manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by the transfer system, particularly imitation leather materials
This patent refers, as indicated by its title, to some improvements relating to the manufacture of products covered with layers of polyurethane by the transfer system, and particularly to the manufacture of artificial leather or leather imitating laminates, although these same improvements are equally applicable to other activities included in the same branch of leather such as, for example, giving a better surface finish to natural leathers by applying a superficial layer of polyurethane which improves the appearance without damaging the flexibility of the base material.
In the manufacturing of artificial leathers based on polyurethane coverings, as is already known, a set of machines is used which basically serve for storing and feeding the support of the film(s) to be transferred, which is usually special transfer paper having specific characteristics, and which, after applying a very fine laminate layer of compositions of polyurethane, is dried and possibly given a decora tive-finish, followed in turn by another drying, after which the material is re-covered with a relatively thick layer of polyurethane which must usually dry completely before re-covering it with a final superficial layer.This last operation precedes the calendering operation, which is realized together with a second laminate type material, usually a fabric, wherein the composite calandered material is put through a tunnel furnace and the product is cooled on leaving said furnace, whereafter the first support material - in this case the special paper - is then separated from the second laminate material - in this case, the fabric. On this second, laminar type material, mostly consisting of a fabric, the previously dried layers of polyurethane compositions are stuck and transferred. This fabric unit plus the polyurethane layers make up the material with a polyurethane surface finish that is sold as artificial or imitation leather.
From the brief description above, it can be seen that there are many intermediate drying operations and also many intermediate coverings, it being noted that, due to their great importance, such drying operations must involve the material remaining in the furnace for a very long time to ensure homogenous drying, as well as the cooking or polymerization of the synthetic compounds used, which, in practice, always requires the use of long furnaces with little possibility for high speed regulation since the temperatures within these furnaces are environmental and it is difficult, if not impossible, to establish the ideal conditions that would be required for a more precise and faster rational treatment of the drying and polymerization processes of the polyurethane compounds used.
As well as the considerable length of the furnaces which have to be used in accordance with conventional methods, mention has already been made of the great amount of intermediate covering operations that are also required. To be more specific and concise, in the conventional processes, before the duly covered and dried support material (the special paper) can be calendered together with the second laminate type material, the support material must always be covered previously so that it will adhere with the support fabric.
With improvements in accordance with the present invention, the following objects are achieved simultaneously.
a) Considerable reduction in the length of the furnaces, which is important since there are usually several furnaces in an installation of this type and the surface area occupied necessitates very heavy installations of large dimensions which are therefore costly.
b) Suppression, in many cases, of the earlier covering operation which has to be done before calendering the first base material - with its polyurethane layers - together with the second laminate type material.
c) The technical conditioning factors for temperature, speed, drying conditions and times, and extraction conditions for the different solvents used in the polyurethane compositions and other factors or parameters which are or may be variable for each type of manufacturing, can be regulated in a very precise way by virtue of the speed of response of the system. This provides improved productivity in comparison with known systems by developing the process in a much reduced space as a consequence of the advantages achieved in accordance with points a) and b) above.
The essence of the improvements which are the object of the present invention i.e. the improvement of the manufacture of the imitation' leather materials based on compositions of polyurethanes obtained by the so-called "transfer" system, is achieved by:
1) The use of special, very light, short and very fast furnaces which include heat concentrating devices based on short wave, infrared tubes - preferably the tubes of this type which give a wavelength near 1200 nm-, whose infrared rays, by virtue of appropriate heat reflecting means, act selectively on the bottom surface of the layer of polyurethane covering so as to ensure that the desired drying of the bottom surface is achieved precisely, and, that the consequent desired evaporation of the solvents incorporated therein, occurs without the remaining top thickness of the same damp layer being subjected to such an intense heat effect.
2) The use of integrated, fast-response, control means, such as probes and regulation devices controlled independently or by computer, whose use is possible by virtue of their speed of response and minimal thermal inertia, and the high speed that can be obtained in the process in accordance with the previous point.
Special emphasis must be made on the fact that, nowadays, it is obvious that for the treatment of laminate materials covered with layers of synthetic resins, procedures and devices using ultraviolet rays are known. However, we are not referring to polyurethanes with solvents, and neither do the ultraviolet rays generate heat, since they are on the opposite side of the light spectrum. Therefore, their performance is very different from that of short wave infra-red rays which are very concentrated on the contact surface of the composition to be dried so as to generate heat on the latter and to evaporate the solvent of the contact layer.
The short wave infra-red rays concentrated on the bottom layer make the heat act directly and mainly on the deepest layer of the polyurethane composition which is deposited on the support without a noticeable increase in the environmental heat. This calorific energy is not directed so intensely towards less profound layers either; this would cause the creation of intermediate layers dried prematurely which would act as "screens and barriers", which, for this reason, would not let the deepest layers which are in direct contact with the support dry. This effect is very important for it necessitates, in the conventional methods, the carrying out of very slow, gradual drying operations.In order to be able to increase the process speed, it is completely essential to be able to dry the layer of polyurethanes which contains solvent and which is in immediate contact either with the support material or with another previously dried layer, since this allows the speed of the successive drying effects and the uniformity and intensity in the heating of the bottom layer to be increased. This allows reduction of the length of the furnace by considerably increasing the speed of production, as well as allowing the production of imitation leather materials which cannot usually be produced with the conventional furnaces normally applied to this type of manufacturing of imitation leather materials based on polyurethanes.Therefore, technically speaking, the comparisons that could be made with the conventional use of ultraviolet rays for the transformation of liquid resins without solvents would not be valid. Neither would the comparison established with the use of conventional infrared rays be valid; they only allow the increase in the furnace environmental temperature and are not selectively concentrated on the contact limit surface of the layer to be dried.
The ultraviolet rays have only chemical effects and do not have a drying capacity making the solvent(s) contained in the said composition give off from the composition used. Moreover, the ultraviolet rays are located at the other end of the light spectrum, completely opposite, with regards to this situation, the short wave infra-red rays which, directed by concentrating means, do not heat the atmosphere but, rather, allow the calorific energy to be concentrated selectively on the bottom surface of the layer of the polyurethane compositions which is required to be dried at a given time during the production process.
Another one of the important advantages reported by these improvements is the complete absence of thermal inertia which is obtained with the special furnace proposed herein for the purpose of producing imitation leather materials based on polyurethanes.
In fact, just as the conventional furnaces which have been used up to now need a long period of time to reach the necessary temperature or to modify this temperature, since all the constituent elements have to be heated (walls; internal air; conveyor chains), it turns out that, with the heating concentratedly directed on the desired surface, an immediate effect is obtained. This effect, intense and selective, can also be modified immediately. This immediate effect means the possibility of very fast changes in the desired temperatures for each production stage, which also allows very fast regulations which can be controlled, thanks to the speed of response, by computers. Consequently, much greater production speeds can be achieved as well as allowing the production of articles which nowadays would not be obtainable by means of the conventional processes.
Another of the advantages obtained by the present invention consists of achieving, due to all that which has been said above, as well as the abovementioned advantages, a saving in energy of around 45% in comparison with conventional furnaces which must heat the furnace walls and the environmental air contained in the furnace, as well as having thermal fluid ducts and other elements which store a great quantity of energy and also lose, for the same reason, a large amount of the same heat.The special furnace used in accordance with the present invention is of a much lighter type than those usually used, as well as being much shorter - between 1/3 and 1/5 of the length of conventional furnaces despite which, the productivity obtained is much greater due to the considerable increase in forward speed which is obtained and which would be totally impossible to obtain with conventional means for obtaining polyurethane-based leather materials of this type.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;
Figure 1 represents the set of machines and operations of a conventional process for manufacturing artificial leather based on a laminate type product, such as a fabric which has been covered, by the transfer system, with layers of polyurethane,
Figure 2 also shows in a diagram this same set in accordance with the present improvements in which the same elements are shown with the same number and the different elements are shown with the same number but with an apostrophe, e.g. special furnace 16' of Figure 2 corresponds to furnace 16 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side-view of a special furnace 16'.
Figure 4 is a ground plan of the same special furnace 16'.
In accordance with Figure 1 of the drawings, in the conventional method a laminar support 100, such as a special transfer paper, is put through a series of conventional devices, such as storing and feeding devices 10; devices 11-15-17 to cover the said paper with the polyurethane compositions; devices 13 for finishing with sprayers; conventional drying furnaces 12-14-16-19, and other similar elements in combination with the previous ones, such as calenders 18, coolers, separators 20-21 and similar devices.
In accordance with the improvements as illustrated in Figure 2, once the laminate support material 100, (such as a special transfer paper), has been covered with a main layer 103 of polyurethane compositions, and after any other previous finishing layers 101-102 as may be required, it is put through a special tunnel furnace 16', which is relatively very short in comparison with the furnace 16 of Figure 1, and which does not dry the mentioned layer 103 completely on its surface but does dry the film which is still damp and which is closest to the paper support 100, allowing the semi-dried product coming out of the said furnace 16' to undergo an immediate calendering operation, in 18, with a second laminate type material 200 - for example, a fabric.Both calendered products are then dried in a second tunnel furnace 19' (corresponding to 19 in
Figure 1) so that when they come out, the polymerization and drying of the laminate complex obtained in this way is completed, followed by the transfer, separation and recuperation of the previously mentioned laminate support 100 from the second support 200 which is provided with its superficial layer of polyurethanes 103-102-101, with the particular feature that, although the calender 18 used is a conventional one, this calender is directly associated with the special tunnel furnace 16' which precedes it and this special furnace 16' is based on short wave infra-red quartz lamps and is subdivided into at least three successive sections 16;-16;;-16 which are independently regulated, regarding both the quartz elements 400 existing in each section 161-162-163 (and therefore in relation to the temperature or radiation capacity of each section) and the flow rate and operation of the ventilation means 500 with which the furnace is fitted, the regulation of each section being carried out in accordance with a number of parameters, of which, at least the following are taken into account: the quality and type of transfer paper 100 used; the characteristics of the polyurethane mixtures 101-102-103 used; the colour and thickness of said mixtures; the temperatures or capacities of radiation of the lamps 400 in each section; the flow rate of the circulating drying air in each section 16,-162-163; the temperature of the layer of polyurethane 101-102-103 and the speed "A" at which the material travels through the furnace 16'.
The second tunnel furnace will, preferably, also be of a special type 19', similar to 16' which precedes the calendering, being made up by various sections based on quartz short wave infra-red lamps with a wavelength near 1200 mm, the successive sections, being independently regulated so as to be able to vary the specific conditions which are given to the sequential drying process for the composed, calendered material which is travelling through.
The different quartz lamps or tubes 400 are arranged in each section of the furnace with their longitudinal axes angled (Figure 4) with regards to the line perpendicular to the direction of travel "A" of the material passing through the furnace.
Each tube 400 is located within a reflector 401, at the focal point thereof. The quartz tubes 400 of each section are regulated by regulating means, controlling, at least, the voltage. Regulation of the air circulation rate inside each area of the special tunnel furnace under consideration, is effected by further regulating means such as valves or sluice valves 501-502-503 and/or speed regulation means for the ventilation means 500. There are also means for varying the advance "A" speed of the material - i.e.
the transfer paper 100 and fabric 200 - in the set of devices located before and after the unit operating block made up of the set consisting of the special furnace 16' and the calender 18 which immediately follows the special furnace 16', which are likewise regulated with regards to their own advance speed.
Centralized regulation means 600 are provided which act in response to values provided continuously by sensors or data pickup means for, at least, the different parameters previously mentioned so that the regulating means of the quartz tubes 400 of the ventilation means 500 and the value of "A" advance are duly controlled and operated in response to the values of the remaining parameters.
The centralized regulation and control means 600 act in accordance with a specific computerized programme for each type of laminate material to be produced, which optimizes the output and quality of the product obtained in relation to the set parameters used in each case, such as the type of special transfer paper 100 used, and the compositions, colour and thickness of the successive layers or coverings or polyurethanes.
It is envisaged that units similar to the special tunnel furnace 16' be used for each of the partial operations 12'-14' and 19' which are carried out before and/or after the operation block consisting of the special predrying carried out in 16' of the material of the special support 100 provided with its main layer of polyurethanes 103 and its immediately following calendering, in 18, together with the second laminartype material orfabric200.
With the mentioned special tunnel furnace 16', superficial finishing of natural materials, such as leathers, can also be obtained, with the aim of covering these with one or more layers of polyurethane which improve their appearance and other remaining presentation characteristics.
Obviously, the embodiment of the invention described above can be altered or modified in a number of ways without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Apparatusforthe manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by the transfer system, wherein a plurality of layers of polyurethane compositions are successively applied to a laminar support material, such as a special transfer paper, the coated support material is calendered with a second material, such as a fabric, and the support material is subsequently removed to leave the second material laminated with the layers of polyurethane, said apparatus including;
means for successively applying said layers of polyurethane to said support material;
means for calendering said coated support material with said second materials; and
drying furnaces for at least partially drying the laminated material after each successive process stage;
and wherein at least one of said drying furnaces includes heating means comprising a plurality of short-wave infra-red tubes.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying furnace immediately preceding the calendering means includes said infra-read heating means.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the drying furnace immediately following the calendering means includes said infra-red heating means.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein said infra-red tubes are quartz lamps of approximately 1200 nm wavelength.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, further including control means whereby the radiation of said infra-red heating means, the ventilation of the associated furnace, and the process flow rate may be controlled.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said furnace is divided into at least three successive sections, and said parameters are independently regulated in each of said sections.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 or 6 further including sensing means for detecting the value of each of said parameters and wherein said control means varies said parameters to conform with predetermined values.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said predetermined values may be varied according to the particular type of material being produced.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said infra-red tubes are arranged at an angle to the direction of travel of the material.
10. Apparatusforthe manufacture of polyurethane coated materials substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES537799A ES8601310A1 (en) | 1984-11-20 | 1984-11-20 | Improvements relating to the manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by the transfer coating particularly imitation leather materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8528597D0 GB8528597D0 (en) | 1985-12-24 |
| GB2169241A true GB2169241A (en) | 1986-07-09 |
Family
ID=8488155
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08528597A Withdrawn GB2169241A (en) | 1984-11-20 | 1985-11-20 | Improvements relating to the manufacture of polyurethane coated materials by the transfer coating particularly imitation leather materials |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61179380A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3540992A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8601310A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2573453A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2169241A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1182693B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101942768A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-01-12 | 丽水市优耐克水性树脂科技有限公司 | Dry method production line of water-based ecological synthetic leather |
| WO2012135634A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | Dartex Coatings, Inc. | Flexible barrier composite fabrics via an adhered film process |
| WO2014047300A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Eagle Ottawa, Llc | Finish curing method and system for leather-based substrates |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3815720A1 (en) * | 1988-05-07 | 1989-11-16 | Hasso Von Bluecher | Material which is permeable to water vapour but impermeable to liquid water and its manufacture |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE821485C (en) * | 1949-01-19 | 1951-11-19 | Adolf Schoeler Dipl Chem Dr | Process for the production of artificial leather |
| DE966023C (en) * | 1950-08-24 | 1957-07-04 | Raduner & Co Ag | Device for the thermal treatment of goods, in particular textile webs |
| FR1055890A (en) * | 1951-06-08 | 1954-02-23 | Device applicable to machines for manufacturing products similar to oilcloth or synthetic leathers, made of synthetic resin and textile material | |
| GB726188A (en) * | 1952-09-02 | 1955-03-16 | Lionel Henry Mansell | Improvements relating to radiant heating apparatus |
| DE1111370B (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1961-07-20 | Menschner Textil Johannes | Channel for gelling thermoplastic layers |
| DE1156757B (en) * | 1959-04-06 | 1963-11-07 | Menschner Textil Johannes | Method for operating a gelling channel and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| US3232819A (en) * | 1960-05-23 | 1966-02-01 | Kendall & Co | Breathable structures |
| US4010374A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1977-03-01 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Ultraviolet light processor and method of exposing surfaces to ultraviolet light |
-
1984
- 1984-11-20 ES ES537799A patent/ES8601310A1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-11-19 DE DE19853540992 patent/DE3540992A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-11-20 JP JP60260952A patent/JPS61179380A/en active Pending
- 1985-11-20 FR FR8517137A patent/FR2573453A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-11-20 GB GB08528597A patent/GB2169241A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-11-20 IT IT67976/85A patent/IT1182693B/en active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101942768A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-01-12 | 丽水市优耐克水性树脂科技有限公司 | Dry method production line of water-based ecological synthetic leather |
| CN101942768B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2013-02-13 | 丽水市优耐克水性树脂科技有限公司 | Dry method production line of water-based ecological synthetic leather |
| WO2012135634A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | Dartex Coatings, Inc. | Flexible barrier composite fabrics via an adhered film process |
| WO2014047300A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Eagle Ottawa, Llc | Finish curing method and system for leather-based substrates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1182693B (en) | 1987-10-05 |
| IT8567976A0 (en) | 1985-11-20 |
| GB8528597D0 (en) | 1985-12-24 |
| ES537799A0 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
| FR2573453A1 (en) | 1986-05-23 |
| JPS61179380A (en) | 1986-08-12 |
| DE3540992A1 (en) | 1986-05-22 |
| ES8601310A1 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |