GB2160739A - Night vision systems - Google Patents
Night vision systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2160739A GB2160739A GB08515960A GB8515960A GB2160739A GB 2160739 A GB2160739 A GB 2160739A GB 08515960 A GB08515960 A GB 08515960A GB 8515960 A GB8515960 A GB 8515960A GB 2160739 A GB2160739 A GB 2160739A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- image
- night vision
- reducer
- vision system
- ofthe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
- G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
- G02B6/08—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images with fibre bundle in form of plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/867—Means associated with the outside of the vessel for shielding, e.g. magnetic shields
- H01J29/868—Screens covering the input or output face of the vessel, e.g. transparent anti-static coatings, X-ray absorbing layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/89—Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined or co-operating with the vessel
- H01J29/892—Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined or co-operating with the vessel using fibre optics
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
Abstract
A night vision system 1 has a large image intensifier device 2 coupled to a video camera 5 by a fibre optic reducer 6, whereby the size of the image is reduced to match the size of camera tube 4 without significant loss of brilliance. A conductive screen 20 (Figure 3) covers the input face of the reducer 6 and is used to leak electron charges to earth whereby any electric interference is reduced. Magnets may be attached to the reducer 6 in order to reduce geometric image distortion. Control arrangements for the intensifier 2 and video camera 5 are described (Figure 4). Visibility of a partly submerged object e.g. a loy can be enhanced by stretching the image in a vertical plane. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to night vision systems
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
This invention relates to night vision systems and is concerned with image intensifier night vision systems which make use of television equipment.
The invention is particularly concerned with the provision of a night vision system for use at sea by high speed marine craft, for example, air-cushion vehicles of"Hovercraft". Such a system requires objects in and on the water to be detected sufficiently earlytoenableavoiding action to betaken. Atypical object required to be detected is a partially-submerged, black-coloured log 5 metres long with a freeboard of 15 cm.
The present invention makes use of an image intensifier device (I.l.D.), comprising an objective lens, means for converting light received by the objective lens into electrons, electric field generating means for accelerating the electrons, means operable to multiply the electrons in number, and meansforconverting energy from the multiplied electrons into output light signals.
Such an image intensifier device is hereinafter referred to as "ofthetype defined".
SUMMAR Y OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect ofthe present invention, a night vision system comprises an image intensifier device of the type defined, and video camera means wherein the output light signals of the device are coupled to the input ofthe video camera means by fibre optic reducer means.
Thefibre optic reducer means operate to reduce image size without significant loss of brilliance while maintaining overall image sharpness. This enables a large diameter image intensifier device sensitive to very low light levels to be efficiently coupled to a standard size video camera. The overall effect is to improve sensitivity and reduce the size of scintilations due to effect of individual photons on the output ofthe system.
The invention also comprises a marine craft provided with the novel night vision system.
A transparent conductive screen is preferably placed in the optic path ofthe reducer means.
The conductive screen operates to leakto earth any electron charge picked up, so asto at least reduce any tendencyfortransference ofthe electron charge from the image intensifier device to the video camera means.
Means for creating a magnetic field operative on the reducer means are preferably provided,whereby any inherent distortion of the image being transmitted to the video means is reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS An embodiment ofthe invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure lisa side view, in medial section, of a night vision system,
Figure 2 is a view in perspective, of the system, plus
a video monitor,
Figure 3 is a side view ofthe reducer means, with added detail,
Figure 4 is a block diagram of the video camera and associated circuits and components, and
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate modifications.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
EMBODIMENT With reference to Figure la a night vision system 1 comprises a 50mm image intensifier device 2 of the type defined. The device 2 has an output light signal screen 3 coupled to the photocathode 4 of a camera tube 4a of a video camera 5 by a fibre optic reducer 6.
The photocathode 4 comprises the input ofthe video camera 5.
The image intensifier device (I.l.D.) comprises an objective lens 7, a photocathode 8 for converting light received by the objective lens 7 into electrons 9, electric field generating means 10 for accelerating (and focusing) the electrons 9, a microchannel plate (M.C.P.) 11 operable to multiply the electrons in number, and a phosphor screen 12 for converting energy from the multiplied electrons into output light signals. The output screen 3 presents these light signals to a viewer.
The components ofthe l.l.D. 2 are housed in a tubular body 15, the central portion 16 of which is subjected to a vacuum.
Light enters the photocathode 8 by way of a window 17 comprising a multiplicity of optical fibres disposed in contiguous, parallel, array.
The electrons 9 are focused on to the microchannel plate 11, which is a grid-like structure comprising a multiplicity of holes (each 12 micron diameter), placed in the path of the electrons.
Electrons 9 entering the multichannel plate 11 are successively multiplied many thousands of times.
Bright lights saturate only a localized area of the plate 11 and have little effect on the overall image. (Glare is therefore substantially reduced). The resultant image atthe output of the l.l.D. 2 is typically 50,000 times brighterthan at the inputthereof.
The fibre optic reducer 6 used to couple the input of the video camera 5 to the l.l.D. 2, comprises a multiplicity of optical fibres disposed in contiguous, substantially parallel, array. The reducer 6 operates to reduce image size without significant loss of light but so as to improve sensitivity and resolution of the system.
The reducer6 is provided with means whereby any tendencyfortransfer of electron charge from the l.l.D.
2 to the video camera 5 is at least reduced.
With referenceto Figure3,these means comprise the provision of a transparent conductive screen 20 placed in the optic path ofthe reducer 6.
The screen 20 (of this example) covers the inputface ofthe reducer 6 and has a tubular extension 20awhich extends substantially midway along the periphery of the reducer. A connection 25 is provided so as to leak to earth any electron charge picked up by the reducer 6.
The screen 20/20a comprises a metal film deposited on the reducer 6. The film is thin enough (say 0.1 micron in thickness) to allow visible lightto be transmitted therethrough. The preferred metal is
Indian Tin Oxide.
The screen 20 need not be placed at the input end of the reducer 6; it could be placed at the output end thereof-- or at an intermediate position.
In operation, a visual image is converted to a video signal which is then viewed on a remote video monitor 40, (Figure 2), electronically coupled to the video camera 5 by a cable41 .A slave monitor (not shown) is also provided.
The lens assembly ofthe l.l.D. 2 contains an iris 33 (Figure 4) which is progressively closed by a servo motor 31 as the ambient light increases so that excessive light does not reach the intensifier cathode 8.
After conversion, the image is focused into the cathode ofthe microchannel 11, which has variable gain, emplifying the image by up to 40,000 fold. The enhanced image is then fibre-optically coupled by the reducer 6 to the video cameraS. The camera 5 contains all the necessary elements-amplifiers, pulse generators, power supplies, etc; to produce a composite 625 line 50Hz C.C.I.R. signal. Theframe blanking pulse is longerthan normal in orderto provide a black area atthe top of the picture, so as to display a Heading Marker and to facilitate setting the black level on the control and slave unit display screens while in service.
With reference to Figure 4, an automatic light control system 30 is provided which adjusts the systemforoptimum performance overawide range of ambient light conditions.
An iris servo motor31 is driven by a servo amplifier 32 which compares the iris potentiometer voltage with a signal from a light sensor disposed in front of the lens. The iris servo is thus a positional system, the lensstop being proportional to the light level. Signal shaping circuits in the system optimise the characteristic.
Ifthe ambient light exceeds a predetermined level, the l.l.D. 2 is switched off by a relay 55 and a signal is sentto an overload lamp, via a relay 56.
If the power is switched off, orfails for any reason, the servo motor31 is disconnected from the amplifier 32 and then connected to a charged capacitor circuit 57. This circuit 57 drivesthe motor 31 to close the iris 33, thus protecting the intensifier photocathode from solar images which could cause permanent burn in.
The torque ofthe servo motor31 is limited to prevent damageto end stops with which the iris mechanism is provided.
The system 30 also receives a video signal from the video camera which is used to adjust the gain ofthe l.l.D.2.Thiscatersforrapid light changes as opposed to the more gradual,widerchangescateredfor bythe lens servo. The light level that the system detects may be based onthe peakor mean value.The change is madebya peak/mean relay34which is in turn controlled by a preset switch 35 at the rear of the control unit. The mode selected depends on the expected light conditions of a particular route.
Acamera drive chain is fed by a replaceable flexible lead, the supply is l6voltsunregulated.
Two DC-DC convertors are provided to supply powerfor horizon and pan or heading servo systems and the camera chain. The servo convertor supplies +/- 28v DC and the camera chain convertor +/- 16v
DC. Each has its output isolated from 24v power lines to prevent voltage drop along them being added to servo command signals from the control unit. This technique also allows the video cable screens to be earthed for maximum interference suppression.
The camera chain is tilted in the vertical axis by a positional geared servo motor and amplifier. The positional sensor is either a potentiometer for nonstabilised operation or a gyro system for stabilised operation. The change is made by a stabilisation relay which is, in turn, actuated buy a button on the control unit. The command signal which setsthe position of the horizon on the monitor screens is a +1- control voltage from the horizon potentiometer in the control unit.
Otherfeatures of Figure 4 comprise the provision of test points T.P. 1, T.P.2, T.P.3, and T.P.4. A photoelectric cell (P.E.C.) in the form of a light-dependant resistor is included, as is a P.E.C. shaping circuit and a potentiometer (POT).
The night vision system of Figure 1 can be panned, port or starboard up to 20 degrees by a geared servo motor and amplifier, a potentiometer serving as a positional sensor. The commands are preset voltages from the control unit selected by push buttons on the control unit or commander's pan control box.
Awindscreen protects the system. This windscreen may be washed and wiped by a parallel motion mechanism which covers the rectangular area swept by the objective lens movement. The mechanism comprises a windscreen wiper motor and gearing, mounted on a chassisandcoupledto awipercrank shaft by a toothed belt. A photo-electric switch detects the parking positions, which may be either side ofthe windscreen.
The wiper motor as well as wash pump motors, are fed from a wash/wipe module (W.W.M.). The current to each motoris electronically limited to give full protection in case of a jammed orfrozen mechanism.
As the motors are out of sight and hearing, a stalled motor might not be observed and if left on would burn out butforthe current limit circuits.
The motors take power from the 24v power lines via the W.W.M. which is, in turn, activated by a single control line from the control unit. +6v operates the wiper alone; +12v operates wipe and wash.
To prevent electrical interference from the servo, washer and wiper motors reaching the video system and other electronic equipment on the craft, radio frequency suppression modules are fitted adjacent to the motors or their connection point.
If desired, the screen 20 may be produced with a transmission factorwhich ensures the video camera 5 is operated on a particular part of its characteristic in relation to the intensifier output, so as to give desired highlight handling specification in association with a given all-overgain.
To enhance the visibility of a partially submerged object,the image may be stretched in the vertical plane by 1.5 to 1 by means of an anamorphic lens disposed in front ofthe objective lens 7. This enhancement could be done electronically within the camera but this method ensures the maximum area of the photocathode 8 is used. Figure 5 shows the arrangement, wherein an anamorphic lens 50 is disposed in front of the objective lens 7.
If a large diameter image l.l.D. device of reasonably short length is made, the output image suffers from geometric distortion. For example, a rectangular object has a pin cushion appearance on the output screen. This is usually overcome by building in a correction factor into the optical path by special design of lenses. This is very difficult and expensive to achieve and has to be repeated every time an objective with a different field of view is employed.
According to another feature ofthe present arrangement, distortion atthe output of the l.l.D. 2 is corrected by exposing the microchannel plate 11 to an assymetric magneticfield whereby the electronic image is converted prior to being converted to a visual image by the phosphor screen 12. Figure 6 illustrates this modification, the assymetricfield being provided byfoursmall, non equi-spaced, bar magnets 60 disposed strategically around the inlet end of reducer 6.
The assymetric field set up by the magnets 60 does not affect light passing through the reducer 6 but it does affect the electron beam as it enters the microchannel plate 11. The modification results in correction of inherent geometric distortion within the l.l.D.2.
The magnets 60 could be placed around the microchannel plate 11 itself, but this arrangement would require extensive re-design of the l.l.D. 2.
When large aperture lenses are used, especially at wide angles, they exhibit a lower transmission factor at the edges than at the centre.
In very dark areas of operation, when the lens is opened up, (preferably by use oftheservo motor31), this effect is noticeable. This makes the detection of objects more difficult at the sides of the field of view.
In a modification, the gain ofthe video amplifier in the video camera 5 is rapidly adjusted at the scanning rate to correct for this. This correction must only be employed atwide lens apertures, so an output from a slave potentiometer employed with the above-mentioned servo system, is used to change the rapid correction circuits to the required characteristic.
The arrangement provides a night vision system wherein a coherent image is formed within a short enough time whereby "smearing" due to the craft's own motion is prevented, or at least substantially reduced.
The system caters for a wide range of light conditions, forexample, between starlight and twilight.
Claims (9)
1. A night vision system comprising an image intensifier device of the type defined, and video camera means, wherein the output light signals of the device are coupled to the input of the video camera means by fibre optic reducer means.
2. A night vision system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a transparent conductive screen is placed in the optic path of the reducer means.
3. A night vision system as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the conductive screen is placed at the inlet end ofthe reducer means.
4. A night vision system as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising meansforcreating a magnetic field operative on the intensifier device for reducing inherent distortion of image being transmitted to the camera means.
5. A night vision system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the means for creating a magneticfield comprise permanent magnet means disposed at the inlet end ofthe reducer means.
6. A night vision system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including means for stretching the image in a vertical plane.
7. A nightvision system as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the stretching means comprises a anamorphic lens disposed operatively in front ofthe image intensifier device.
8. A nightvision system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
9. Any novel subject matter orcombination including novel subject matter herein disclosed, whether or notwithin the scope of or relating to the same invention as any ofthe preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08515960A GB2160739A (en) | 1984-06-23 | 1985-06-24 | Night vision systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8416092 | 1984-06-23 | ||
| GB08515960A GB2160739A (en) | 1984-06-23 | 1985-06-24 | Night vision systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8515960D0 GB8515960D0 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| GB2160739A true GB2160739A (en) | 1985-12-24 |
Family
ID=26287913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08515960A Withdrawn GB2160739A (en) | 1984-06-23 | 1985-06-24 | Night vision systems |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2160739A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2220263A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1990-01-04 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | Optical waveform measuring device |
| GB2267580B (en) * | 1991-02-23 | 1994-09-28 | Vlsi Vision Ltd | Image capture system |
| EP0628845A1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-14 | Eprest Electronique Professionnelle De L'est | Night vision binoculars with electric imagery |
| GB2336444A (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | Abakus Scient Limited | Image forming apparatus with intermediate image surface |
| GB2350439A (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-11-29 | Security Design Associates | Imaging device having optical taper on an input face |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB976691A (en) * | 1962-08-09 | 1964-12-02 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Housing set for x-ray image intensifier tubes attachable to x-ray examination apparatus |
| GB1195661A (en) * | 1968-02-02 | 1970-06-17 | Eltro Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to Electron-Optical Devices |
| GB1232842A (en) * | 1968-05-13 | 1971-05-19 | ||
| GB1345005A (en) * | 1971-11-23 | 1974-01-30 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Low light tv camera |
| GB2017450A (en) * | 1978-03-16 | 1979-10-03 | Philips Nv | X-ray fluoroscopy arrangement |
| GB1588234A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1981-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Transmission type beam nicroscopes utilising a scanning technique |
| GB1596480A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1981-08-26 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Image intensifier |
| GB2092859A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1982-08-18 | American Optical Corp | Fiberscope system |
| GB2105160A (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-16 | Philips Nv | Device for forming an image of a sectional layer of a body |
-
1985
- 1985-06-24 GB GB08515960A patent/GB2160739A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB976691A (en) * | 1962-08-09 | 1964-12-02 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Housing set for x-ray image intensifier tubes attachable to x-ray examination apparatus |
| GB1195661A (en) * | 1968-02-02 | 1970-06-17 | Eltro Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to Electron-Optical Devices |
| GB1232842A (en) * | 1968-05-13 | 1971-05-19 | ||
| GB1345005A (en) * | 1971-11-23 | 1974-01-30 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Low light tv camera |
| GB1588234A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1981-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Transmission type beam nicroscopes utilising a scanning technique |
| GB1596480A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1981-08-26 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Image intensifier |
| GB2017450A (en) * | 1978-03-16 | 1979-10-03 | Philips Nv | X-ray fluoroscopy arrangement |
| GB2092859A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1982-08-18 | American Optical Corp | Fiberscope system |
| GB2105160A (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-16 | Philips Nv | Device for forming an image of a sectional layer of a body |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2220263A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1990-01-04 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | Optical waveform measuring device |
| US4988859A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1991-01-29 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical waveform measuring device |
| GB2220263B (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1991-12-18 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | Optical waveform measuring device |
| GB2267580B (en) * | 1991-02-23 | 1994-09-28 | Vlsi Vision Ltd | Image capture system |
| EP0628845A1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-14 | Eprest Electronique Professionnelle De L'est | Night vision binoculars with electric imagery |
| FR2706635A1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-23 | Eprest | Night vision binocular with electronic imaging. |
| US5561557A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1996-10-01 | Eprest Electronique Professionnelle De L'est | Night vision binoculars with electronic imaging |
| GB2336444A (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | Abakus Scient Limited | Image forming apparatus with intermediate image surface |
| GB2336444B (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2000-08-02 | Abakus Scient Limited | Image forming apparatus with intermediate image surface |
| GB2350439A (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-11-29 | Security Design Associates | Imaging device having optical taper on an input face |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8515960D0 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |