GB2158962A - Combining and separating polarised light beams - Google Patents

Combining and separating polarised light beams Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2158962A
GB2158962A GB08510369A GB8510369A GB2158962A GB 2158962 A GB2158962 A GB 2158962A GB 08510369 A GB08510369 A GB 08510369A GB 8510369 A GB8510369 A GB 8510369A GB 2158962 A GB2158962 A GB 2158962A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
polarization
beams
light beam
image
planes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08510369A
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GB2158962B (en
GB8510369D0 (en
Inventor
Takashi Fukui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP59083491A external-priority patent/JPS60227217A/en
Priority claimed from JP59083492A external-priority patent/JPS60227218A/en
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority to GB08701269A priority Critical patent/GB2184254B/en
Publication of GB8510369D0 publication Critical patent/GB8510369D0/en
Publication of GB2158962A publication Critical patent/GB2158962A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2158962B publication Critical patent/GB2158962B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/108—Beam splitting or combining systems for sampling a portion of a beam or combining a small beam in a larger one, e.g. wherein the area ratio or power ratio of the divided beams significantly differs from unity, without spectral selectivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/144—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/145—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only having sequential partially reflecting surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
    • H04N1/207—Simultaneous scanning of the original picture and the reproduced picture with a common scanning device

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Printer (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

A method of combining and separating two light beams, e.g. in an image reading and recording optical scanning system, comprises combining a linearly polarized light beam (1A) having the plane of polarization in one direction (a) with a linearly polarized light beam (1B) having the plane of polarization in an orthogonal direction (b) by a polarization beam splitter (3). The composite light beam (1AB) is then separated into the original two light beams by another beam splitter (8). Before the composite light beam is separated by the beam splitter, the planes of polarization are rotated or corrected by wave plate (4) so that one of the planes of polarization (b) is perpendicular to the other (b) and to the face of the beam splitter (8), so that the two light beams can be fully separated by the beam splitter (8). The correction or rotation of the planes of polarization may be conducted before (Fig. 2) or after (as shown) the two light beams are combined together by the first beam splitter (3). <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Method of combining and separating light beams Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method of combining and separating light beams in an optical apparatus for reading and recording an image by use of scanning light beams.
Description of the Prior Art There have recently been developed various types of image reading and recording systems using light beams. In this type of image reading and recording system, two light beams are needed to read on one hand and to record on the other. Since these light beams are made to scan on flat planes, there must be provided a scanning optical system including a deflector and an fO-lens. However, since these optical systems are costly, it has been proposed to use a common deflector or a common fO-lens for both light beams, in which two light beams, one for reading an image and the other for recording an image, are combined into a single light beam by use of a semi-transparent mirror or the like and the combined light beam is deflected by a deflector or passed through an fO-lens and then separated into the original two light beams one for reading and the other for recording. This kind of system is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55(1980)-101909.
In the above-mentioned conventional method, in order to effectively separate the two light beams it is necessary that the combined light beam have two polarized light components in which one is polarized in the direction parallel to the face of the beam splitter and the other is polarized in the direction perpendicular to said direction. However, the combined light beam cannot in practice be adequately separated because the original two light beams having such polarization directions cannot maintain their direction perfectly due to the repeated reflections by mirrors or semi-transparent mirrors and the like.
That is, by the repeated reflections the polarization direction is rotated undesirably.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problem inherent in the conventional light beam combining and separating optical system for the image reading and recording method, the primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of combining and separating light beams in an image reading and recording optical system in which an image reading light beam and an image recording light beam are passed through or reflected by the same light beam deflector and the same fO-lens.
In one aspect the invention provides a method of combining and separating two light beams comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining first and second lineariy polarized light beams the planes of polarization whereof are perpendicular; (b) combining said first and second beams into a single composite light beam; and (c) separating said first beam from said second beam by passing said composite beam through a polarization beam splitter whereby one of said first and second beams is reflected and the other is transmitted, wherein prior to step (c) the planes of polarization of said first and second beams are rotated by means of a wave plate or plates in the optical path of said first and second beams or of said composite beam whereby on the impingement of said composite beam on said beam splitter the plane of polarization of one of said first and second beams lies perpendicular to the face of said beam splitter and to the plane of polarization of the other of said first and second beams.
In a further aspect the invention provides an optical image read-out and recordal apparatus comprising generating means for generating linearly polarized image read-out and image recordal light beams, means for scan ing said image read-out beam over an image and for scanning said image recordal beam over image recording means, and a polarization beam splitter for separating said image read-out and image recordal beams, characterised in that said apparatus further comprises at least one wave plate disposed to rotate the planes of polarization of said read-out and recordal beams whereby the plane of polarization of the is perpendicular to that of the other and to the face of said beam splitter on the impingement of said read out and recordal beams on said beam splitter.
The method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention are characterised in that a wave plate is provided in the optical path of the reading light beam and the recording light beam to correct the rotation of the plane of polarization of the light beams so that the combined light beams after correction cah be effectively separated into two light beams by a polarization beam splitter.
In one embodiment in the method and apparatus of the present invention, two light beams, one for reading and the other for recording, having planes of polarization per pendicuiar to each other are incident to a semi-transparent mirror one to be reflected thereby and the other to pass therethrough so as to be combined or merged into a single light beam. The two light beams are passed through a wave plate before or after they are combined together so that the plane of polarization of the light beams may be rotated or corrected. Thus, a composite light beam including two light beam components having distinctly different planes of polarization can be obtained.The composite light beam thus obtained is caused to impinge upon a polarization beam splitter so that one light beam component having the plane of polarization in one direction passes therethrough and the other light beam component having the plane of polarization in the direction perpendicular to said direction is reflected thereby. Hence, the two light beam components are distinctly separated by the beam splitter. One light beam is used for reading an image and the other is used for recording an image.
Further according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the original two light beams having the planes of polarization perpendicular to each other are obtained from a single light source. A random polarization light source emits a light beam having random planes of polarization. The light beam having random polarization is divided into two light beams having planes of polarization perpendicular to each other by means of a polarization beam splitter. Such a beam splitter can be an interference optical element having an interference film on the surface thereon or a transparent optical element arranged to have a surface at an angle equal to the Brewster angle.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the principle of the method and apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the principle of the method and apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of making two light beams having planes of polarization perpendicular to each other out of a single light beam; and Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of an image reading and recording optical system employing the method according to the present invention.
Referring to Figure 1 showing the principle of an embodiment of the present invention, a first light beam 1A is a linearly polarized light having the plane of polarization in the horizontal direction (arrow a) and is reflected by a mirror 2 provided on the optical path thereof and then is combined with a second light beam 1 B which is a linearly polarized light having the plane of polarization in the vertical direction (arrow b) by means of a semi-transparent mirror 3 provided at a position to receive both the light beams 1 A and 1 B. The two light beams 1A and 1 B are incident to the mirror 3 at a right angle with respect to each other. The semi-transparent mirror 3 transmits the first light beam 1A having the horizontal plane of polarization and reflects the second light beam 1 B having the vertical plane of polarization.Therefore, the semitransparent mirror 3 combines or merges the two light beams into a single light beam 1AB.
The composite light beam 1 AB is incident upon a wave plate 4 provided on the optical path thereof and is corrected of its plane of polarization by the function of rotating the plane of polarization thereof while maintaining the right angle between the plane of polarization of one light beam component and that of the other. The corrected composite light beam 1 AB is then reflected by a mirror 5 and then by another mirror 6 and further by another mirror 7 all provided on the same plane on which the mirror 3 is provided.The reflected composite light beam 1 AB is then incident upon a polarization beam splitter 8 provided on the optical path thereof, where a light beam component 1A' having the plane of polarization parallel to the face of the beam splitter 8 is reflected and a light beam component 1 B' having the plane of polarization perpendicular to said plane of polarization is allowed to transmit through the beam splitter 8. Thus, the composite light beam 1AB is separated into two light beams 1A' having the plane of polarization in the direction of arrow (a) and 1 B' having the plane of polarization in the direction of arrow (b) as shown in Figure 2. The light beam component 1A, corresponds to said first light beam 1A and the light beam camponent 1 B' corresponds to said second light beam 1 B.
The wave plate 4 functions to rotate the plane of polarization so as to make the planes of polarizations perpendicular to each other parallel (in one plane) to the face of the beam splitter 8 consequently making the other plane perpendicular thereto. The position of the wave plate 4 is not be limited to the space between the semi-transparent mirror 3 and the mirror 5, but may be anywhere in the optical path of the composite light beam 1 AB in this embodiment.
The wave plate 4 may be positioned in the optical path of the light beams 1 A and 1 B before the light beams are combined together into a composite light beam 1AB. Such an embodiment will now be described with reference to Figure 2. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, a first wave plate 4A is provided in the optical path of the first light beam 1A and a second wave plate 4B is provided in the optical path of the second light beam 1 B. All the other elements are equivalent to those shown in Figure 1 of the first embodiment. In accordance with this embodiment, it is possible to correct the plane of polarization of the two light beams independently of each other.
It is advantageous in the case that the plane of polarization of one light beam is not perpendicular to the plane of polarization of the other light beam before they are combined at the semitransparent mirror 3.
In the second embodiment, the positions of the wave plates 4A and 4B are not limited to those as shown in Figure 2, but may be anywhere if the planes of polarization of the light beams can be rotated or corrected independently of each other.
It will be noted that the position, the number or the angle with respect to the optical path of the various optical elements in the first and second embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figures 1 and 2 are not limited to those as shown therein.
Figure 3 shows an example of obtaining the two light beams which are linearly polarized in 90 different directions as the light beams 1A and 1 B in the embodiment of Figure 1. Referring to Figure 3, a random polarization light source 10 such as a laser beam source emits a light beam 11 having randomly polarized components.The random polarization light beam 11 is separated into two light beams 1 1 A and 1 1 B by means of a polarization beam splitter 1 2 such as an optical element bearing an interference film which transmits the linearly polarized light beam 1 1A having the plane of polarization in the direction of arrow (a) and reflects the linearly polarized light beam 11 B having the plane of polarization in the direction of arrow (b) that is perpendicular to said direction of arrow (a).
The beam splitter 1 2 may be a transparent optical element having a face inclined with respect to the optical path at the Brewster angle. The second light beam 11 B is reflected by a mirror 1 3. Thus, parallel two light beams 1 1 A and 1 1 B corresponding to said light beams 1A and 1B in the first embodiment as shown in Figure 1 are obtained. The optical elements 2 and 3 are equivalent to those shown in Figure 1 designated by the same reference numerals. The composite light beam 11AB is thus obtained.
It is further possible to prepare the two linearly polarized light beams by the method as disclosed in said Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55(1980)-101909, in which a laser beam is divided into two light beams by a polarization beam splitter and at least one of the divided light beams are reflected by mirrors to change the angle of plane of polarization so that the planes of polarization of the two light beams become right angle with respect to each other.
Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the image reading and recording optical system using scanning light beams employing the method according to the present invention.
Referring to Figure 4, a first linearly polarized light beam 101A having a plane of polarization in the direction of arrow (a) passes through a light modulator 200 where it is amplitude modulated by a signal image and is then reflected by a mirror 1 02. A second linearly polarized light beam 101B having a plane of polarization in the direction of arrow (b) is reflected by a semi-transparent mirror 103 through which said first light beam 101A transmits so that the two light beams 101A and 101B are combined or merged together into a single composite light beam 1O1AB.
The composite light beam 1O1AB includes two light components in which one is modulated by said modulator 200 and has the plane of polarization in the direction (a) and the other has the plane of polarization in the direction (b). The composite light beam 1O1AB passes through a wave plate 104 provided on the optical path thereof and the planes of polarization of the two light components are rotated or corrected maintaining the right angle between the two planes of polarization of the light beams 101A and 101B.
The correctea light beam 1O1AB is then reflected by mirrors 105 and 106 and then expanded by a beam expander 201 into a light beam having a proper diameter, and then reflected by a galvanometer mirror 107 to be deflected thereby. The deflected light beam 101 AB is deflected between the two limit positions 101AB' and 1O1AB". The galvanometer mirror 107 can of course be replaced with a rotating polygonal mirror or other deflecting means. The deflected light beam 1O1AB is caused to scan on a beam splitter 108 via an f0-lens 202 and is partly reflected by the beam splitter 108 toward a recording material 204 by way of a mirror 203 and partly transmits the beam splitter 108 toward a reading plane 206 by way of a mirror 205.The light beam 101A' reflected by the beam splitter 202 is equivalent to said first light beam 101A and the light beam 101 B' transmitting through the beam splitter 202 is equivalent to said second light beam 101 B. The first light beam 101A' scans the recording material 204 moving in the direction of arrow A and records an image according to the image signal with which it is modulated by said modulator 200. The second light beam 101 B' is partly reflected by the mirror 205 and scans on the reading plane 206 where an image is carried and the light reflected by the reading plane 206 is collected by a light collecting optical element 207 and is detected by a photodetector 208 attached to an end of the light collecting optical element 207 that collects the reflected light at the other end thereof. The photodetector 207 outputs an image signal to control said modulator 200 via a control circuit not shown. The other part of the second light beam 101 B' transmits the mirror 205 (semitransparent mirror) as a light beam 101 B" and scans on a grating 209 and then is directed to a photodetector 211 by a cylindrical lens 210. The photodetector 211 generates a control signal which controls the scanning of the reading light beam and the recording light beam so that the scanning speed may be constant.
It should be noted that the light beam deflected by the galvanometer mirror 107 impinges upon the beam splitter 108 at varying angle so that the separation of the two light components cannot always be perfectly performed. In order to avoid such an imperfection, it is possible to control the wave plate 104 by rotating it in synchronization with the rotation of the galvanometer mirror 107. That is, the wave plate 104 can be periodically rotated to correct the plane of polarization of the composite light beam 1O1AB in synchronization with the rotation of the galvanometer mirror 107 to separate the two light beam components always with high efficiency.
Thus the present invention provides a method and apparatus for combining and separating light beams in which two light beams which can be effectively combined and separated are easily obtained by use of a single light source.

Claims (10)

1. A method of combining and separating two light beams comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining first and second linearly polarized light beams the planes of polarization whereof are perpendicular; (b) combining said first and second beams into a single composite light beam; and (c) separating said first beam from said second beam by passing said composite beam through a polarization beam splitter whereby one of said first and second beams is reflected and the other is transmitted; wherein prior to step (c) the planes of polarization of said first and second beams are rotated by means of a wave plate or plates in the optical path of said first and second beams or of said composite beam whereby on the impingement of said composite beam on said beam splitter the plane of polarization of one of said first and second beams lies perpendicular to the face of said beam splitter and to the plane of polarization of the other of said first and second beams.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 wherein rotation of the planes of polarization of said first and second beams is effected by a wave plate in the optical path of said composite beam, whereby the planes of polarization of said first and second beams are rotated while maintaining mutual perpendicularity therebetween.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 wherein independent rotation of the planes of polarization of said first and second beams is effected by wave plates disposed in the optical paths of said first and second beams before the combination thereof in step (b).
4. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein step (a) comprises dividing a single light beam having random planes of polarization into said first linearly polarized light beam and said second linearly polarized light beam by the use of a polarization beam splitter provided in the optical path of the random polarized light beam.
5. A light beam combining and separating method substantially as herein disclosed with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. Optical image read-out and recordal apparatus comprising generating means for generating linearly polarized image read-out and image recordal light beams, means for scanning said image read-out beam over an image and for scanning said image recordal beam over image recording means and a polarization beam splitter for separating said image read-out and image recordal beams, characterised in that said apparatus further comprises at least one wave plate disposed to rotate the planes of polarization of said readout and recordal beams whereby the plane of polarization of one is perpendicular to that of the other and to the face of said beam splitter on the impingement of said read out and recordal beams on said beam splitter.
7. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 6 comprising a wave plate arranged to rotate the planes of polarisation of said image read-out and image recordal beams.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 6 comprising one wave plate arranged to rotate the plane of polarization of one of said image read-out and recordal beams and a second wave plate arranged to rotate the plane of polarization of the other of said image readout and recordal beams.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 8 wherein said generating means comprises means for generating a randomly polarized light beam and means for dividing said randomly polarized light beam into linearly polarized image read-out and image recordal light beams the planes of polarization whereof are perpendicular to each other.
10. Optical image read-out and recordal apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB08510369A 1984-04-25 1985-04-24 Combining and separating polarised light beams Expired GB2158962B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08701269A GB2184254B (en) 1984-04-25 1985-04-24 Optical image read-out and recordal scanning apparatus using a polarization beam splitter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59083491A JPS60227217A (en) 1984-04-25 1984-04-25 Splitting and synthesizing method of light beam
JP59083492A JPS60227218A (en) 1984-04-25 1984-04-25 Splitting and synthesizing method of beam

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8510369D0 GB8510369D0 (en) 1985-05-30
GB2158962A true GB2158962A (en) 1985-11-20
GB2158962B GB2158962B (en) 1988-02-24

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GB08510369A Expired GB2158962B (en) 1984-04-25 1985-04-24 Combining and separating polarised light beams

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0368335A2 (en) * 1988-11-11 1990-05-16 Fujitsu Limited Polarization beam coupler adapted to produce output beam for monitoring

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0056920A1 (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-04 Thomson-Csf Optical system for enregistration and restitution from an information carrier comprising two laser sources with different wavelengths
GB2097150A (en) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-27 Philips Nv Recording and reading apparatus for optical record carriers

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55101909A (en) * 1979-01-30 1980-08-04 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Splitting method of optical beam

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0056920A1 (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-04 Thomson-Csf Optical system for enregistration and restitution from an information carrier comprising two laser sources with different wavelengths
GB2097150A (en) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-27 Philips Nv Recording and reading apparatus for optical record carriers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0368335A2 (en) * 1988-11-11 1990-05-16 Fujitsu Limited Polarization beam coupler adapted to produce output beam for monitoring
EP0368335A3 (en) * 1988-11-11 1991-09-18 Fujitsu Limited Polarization beam coupler adapted to produce output beam for monitoring
US5223975A (en) * 1988-11-11 1993-06-29 Fujitsu Limited Polarization beam coupler including a splitter for producing an output monitor beam

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3514847A1 (en) 1985-10-31
DE3514847C2 (en) 1993-04-22
GB2158962B (en) 1988-02-24
GB8510369D0 (en) 1985-05-30

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