GB2145175A - A spot type disc brake - Google Patents

A spot type disc brake Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2145175A
GB2145175A GB08420879A GB8420879A GB2145175A GB 2145175 A GB2145175 A GB 2145175A GB 08420879 A GB08420879 A GB 08420879A GB 8420879 A GB8420879 A GB 8420879A GB 2145175 A GB2145175 A GB 2145175A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
brake
disc
collar
guide
disc brake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08420879A
Other versions
GB2145175B (en
GB8420879D0 (en
Inventor
Bernd-Holger Rohling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF International UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Lucas Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucas Industries Ltd filed Critical Lucas Industries Ltd
Publication of GB8420879D0 publication Critical patent/GB8420879D0/en
Publication of GB2145175A publication Critical patent/GB2145175A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2145175B publication Critical patent/GB2145175B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/22655—Constructional details of guide pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0016—Brake calipers
    • F16D2055/002—Brake calipers assembled from a plurality of parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0075—Constructional features of axially engaged brakes
    • F16D2055/0091—Plural actuators arranged side by side on the same side of the rotor

Description

1 GB 2 145 175 A 1
SPECIFICATION
A spot type disc brake The invention relates to a spot type disc brake of the kind comprising a floating caliper member straddling a pair of brake pads and supported for displacement on a stationary member by a pair of circurnferentially spaced guide pins which are slid- ably received in guide bores in one of the members, one of the brake pads being adapted to be applied directly to one face of a brake disc by a brake actuator and the other being applied to the opposite face by displacement of the caliper mem- ber caused by reaction from the brake actuator, and sealing members being provided for sealing sliding surfaces of each guide pin and the corresponding guide bore from atmosphere.
Disc brakes of this kind are known, for instance from DE-AS 22 11 453. Here the guide pins are fixed either to the stationary member or to the caliper member, and the guide bores are formed accordingly, either in the caliper member or in the stationary member. In both cases one end of a bel- lows type sealing member is fixed to at least one end of each guide pin, whilst the other end of the sealing member is fixed to the caliper member or stationary member all around the corresponding guide bore. The other end of each guide bore is either sealed also with respect to the guide pin by a sealing member, or it is closed, for instance by designing the guide bore as a blind bore. In this manner the sliding surfaces of the guide pins and guide bores are protected from loss of lubricant and from contamination.
Disc brakes of the kind set forth have proved highly successful in operation because the sliding pairs of guide pins and guide bores, protected as described, oppose the necessary displacement of the caliper member during braking by practically unchanged small frictional resistance throughout the lifetime of a disc brake. However, at times signs of corrosion were observed on the guide pins and guide bores and practically always such corrosion could be attributed to previous damage to the corresponding sealing member. Such damage occurred in spite of the fact that none of the component parts of the brake, when mounted on a vehicle, and specifically the caliper member and the brake pads, has so much freedom of movement that it could subject the sealing member to harmful stress, and specifically squeeze it sufficiently as to cause the damage. It has now been discovered that harmful squeezing of the sealing members may occur during transportation of disc brakes in question and also when they are installed in the axle of the respective wheel to be braked.
In accordance with the invention, in a disc brake of the kind set forth at least one of the guide pins is provided on an end portion which projects from the respective guide bore towards the brake disc with a collar, and the respective sealing member is arranged to be protected behind said collar.
The collar acts to eliminate orat least greatly re- duce the risk of damage to the sealing members before and during installation of the brake by preventing components from contacting the sealing member.
Preferably both guide pins are provided with col- lars, and each collar preferably has an external diameter which is at least as great as the greatest external diameter of the sealing member.
In a particularly convenient embodiment of the invention the collars form stops which limit move- ment of the directly operable brake pad in a direction towards the brake actuator. In this manner the space between the guide pins may be utilized to house a directly operable brake pad of greatest possible dimensions without increasing the risk of the brake pad causing damage to the sealing members if it should be displaced accidentally in axial direction before or during assembly of the brake.
An embodiment of the invention will be de- scribed further with reference to the single Figure of a diagrammatic drawing, which shows a disc brake for motor vehicles, partly in section, the sectional plane containing a portion of the corresponding brake disc 10 indicated by dash-dot lines and lying in a plane parallel to a plane containing the axis A.
The disc brake comprises a floating caliper 12 mounted for sliclable movement in an axial direction with respect to a stationary drag-taking mem- ber 36. The caliper 12 is composed of a cylinder block 14 and a frame member 18 fixed to the same by screws 16. The cylinder block 14 constitutes the inner part of the caliper 12 with respect to the cor responding vehicle. Starting from the cylinder block 14, the frame member 18 straddles the brake disc 10, extending like a chord to the other side thereof, remote from the cylinder block 14.
The cylinder block 14 comprises a brake actuator 20, 22 having two cylinder bores 20 which extend parallel to the axis A. A piston 22 in each bore 20 is supported in its retracted position shown on a projection 24 in the middle of the respective cylin der bore 20. A branching pressure fluid passage 26 opens into both cylinder bores 24 behind the pis tons 22. Both pistons 22 protrude out of their re spective cylinder bores 20 in the direction of the brake disc 10 and, each piston 22 is sealed in re spect to the cylinder block 14 by means of a seal ing member 28.
The cylinder block 14 further comprises two guide bores 30 which likewise extend parallel to the axis A and lie in the same place as the cylinder bores 20 which, are in turn, are disposed circum ferentially between the two guide bores 30. A guide pin 32 is guided in each of the guide bores 30. Each guide pin 32 comprises a hollow tubular member or sleeve which is slidably received in the respective guide bore 30 and is clamped at oppo site ends between the stationary member and the head 44 of a bolt 34. The stem of the bolt 34 proj ects through the sleeve 32 and is screwed into a threaded opening 38 in the stationary member 36 with the corresponding outer end of the sleeve 34 received in a recess 40, 42 surrounding the corre- sponding opening in the stationary member 36.
2 GB 2 145 175 A 2 The lower recess 40, as seen in the drawing, has a diameter which is adapted closely to the outer diameter of the outer end of the corresponding sleeve 32 so that the latter is locked in position against relative movement in a radial direction. The upper recess 42, as seen in the drawing, for the other guide pin or sleeve 32 has a greater diameter so that this other sleeve is free to adapt to the position of the corresponding guide bore and is locked in position with respect to the stationary member 36 only upon tightening the corresponding screw 34.
The head 44 of each bolt 34 has a hexagonal recess and the bolt 34 may be tightened by a wrench of hexagonal section introduced through a corresponding threaded bore 46 in the cylinder block 14. Subsequently the threaded bores 46 are sealed tight by threaded plugs 48.
Each of the two pistons 22 has an annular end face in direct abutment with a directly operable brake pad 50 which is adapted to be moved into abutment against the inner side of the brake disc 10, with respect to the vehicle, by extending the pistons 22. An indirectly operable brake pad 52 acts on the opposite side of the brake disc 10, being the outer side with respect to the vehicle. This brake pad 52 is adapted to be pressed against the brake disc by the forces of reaction exerted by the hydraulic pressure in the cylinder bores on the cylinder block 14 displacing the caliper 12 axially inwardly, with respect to the vehicle, or to the left in the drawing, with the caliper 12 sliding on the guide pins or sleeves 32.
Each of the two brake pads 50 and 52 has a brake lining 52 and a carrier plate 56 supporting the lining and guided for displacement between parallel guide faces 58 at opposite ends of a circurnferentially extending opening in the frame member 18 The drag forces acting on the brake pads 50 and 52, according to the direction of rotation of the brake disc upon braking, are transferred by the respective carrier plates 56 through the guide faces 58 directly to the stationary member 36 so that they do not load the caliper 12, or conse- quently, the guide pins 32.
In the region of their ends facing the brake disc 10 each guide pin 32 is sealed with respect to the cylinder block 14 by a bellows type sealing member 60. Each sealing member 60 is fixed at one end to a cylindrical retainer 62 which in turn is secured 115 in counterbore at the adjacent end of the corre sponding guide bore 30. The other end of each sealing member 60 is fixed in an annular groove 64 of the corresponding sleeve 32. Between this annular groove 64 and its outer end, each of the two guide pins 32 has a collar 66 in the form of a radial flange whose external diameter is at least al most as great as the greatest external diameter of the corresponding sealing member 60.
For transportation and storage of the disc brake 125 which is not yet assembled with the corresponding brake disc 10, the two brake pads 50 and 52 are spread apart by an elastic spacer 68 clamped be tween the brake linings 54. As shown, the spacer 68 usually is a hose section which is deformed into130 an oval shape upon its insertion between the brake linings 54.
In a similar manner to the brake disc in an assembled condition, the spacer 68 prevents axial displacement of the two brake pads 50 and 52 before and during assembly so that they do no lose contact with the corresponding guide faces 58 whereupon they might fall out. However, the spacer 68 also fulfills the vital function not duly ap- preciated so far of clamping the two brake pads 50 and 52 together with the caliper 12 in one unit, thus forcing both brake pads to become displaced together with the caliper 12 when the latter is displaced which may occur, for example, under the influence of gravity when the brake is held in an inclined position or when it is put down obliquely.
The possibility of displacing the unit formed by the caliper 12 and the two brake pads 50 and 52 outwardly along axis A, to the right in the drawing, with respect to the backplate 36 is limited by the heads 44 of the bolts 34 hitting the bottom of the respective guide bore or the corresponding threaded plug 48 if the latter has been screwed in far enough. In this manner we are able to prevent the sealing members 60 from becoming overextended or separated from their respective fixings when such displacement occurs.
Upon displacement in the opposite direction, to the left in the drawing, however, there was the risk so far that sealing members 60 were pressed by the carrier plate 56 of the brake lining of the inner brake pad 50, with respect to the vehicle, thus either becoming squeezed or pushed out of the annular recesses 64. This risk has been eliminated by the collars 66 whose each outer diameter is so great that the brake pad 50 and its carrier plate 56 will abut against the collars 66 having no chance to reach the sealing members 60.
As shown in the drawing, each collar 66 may be formed integral with the associated sleeve 32. Yet it may also be formed by a separately produced ring which is fixed to the sleeve, for instance, by being snapped into a groove.

Claims (5)

1. A spot type disc brake of the kind set forth in which at least one of the guide pins is provided on an end portion which projects from the respective guide bore toward the brake disc with a collar, and the respective sealing member is arranged to be protected behind said collar.
2. The disc brake as claimed in claim 1, in which both guide pins are provided on end por- tions which project from the respective guide bores towards the brake disc with collars, and each respective sealing member is arranged to be protected behind each respective collar.
3. The disc brake as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the or each collar has an external diameter which is at least as great as the greatest external diameter of the sealing member.
4. The disc brake as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the or each collar forms a stop which limits the movement of the directly operable 3 GB 2 145 175 A 3 brake pad directed toward the brake actuator.
5. A spot type disc brake substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Printed in the UK for HMSO, D8818935, 1185, 7102. Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.
GB08420879A 1983-08-18 1984-08-16 A spot type disc brake Expired GB2145175B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8323802 1983-08-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8420879D0 GB8420879D0 (en) 1984-09-19
GB2145175A true GB2145175A (en) 1985-03-20
GB2145175B GB2145175B (en) 1987-01-07

Family

ID=6756255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08420879A Expired GB2145175B (en) 1983-08-18 1984-08-16 A spot type disc brake

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4603761A (en)
JP (1) JPS6057025A (en)
BR (1) BR8404114A (en)
DE (2) DE8323802U1 (en)
ES (1) ES8505222A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2550836B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2145175B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5064130A (en) * 1988-10-04 1991-11-12 Gfm Holding Aktiengesellschaft Cutting plant for cutting blanks out of a starting strip

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3443549A1 (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-05 Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Spot-type disc brake
DE3542388A1 (en) * 1985-11-30 1987-06-04 Teves Gmbh Alfred PARTIAL DISC BRAKE, IN PARTICULAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
FR2601736B1 (en) * 1986-07-16 1989-03-31 Bendix France UNSCREWING SAFETY DEVICE FOR A DISC BRAKE SLIDING MEMBER, DISC BRAKE COMPRISING SAME AND RELATED SAFETY CAP.
DE3940276C2 (en) * 1989-12-06 1994-09-01 Teves Gmbh Alfred protective cap
DE19532080A1 (en) * 1995-08-31 1997-03-06 Teves Gmbh Alfred Disc brake and positioning and transport device for a disc brake
DE10004178A1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2001-05-17 Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg Bolt guide device for a floating caliper disc brake
JP4058892B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2008-03-12 松下電器産業株式会社 Push switch
DE10348830A1 (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-06-02 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Guide bolt for use in floating caliper brake, has bolt end with external thread screwed into internal thread of through hole, where external thread of bolt end extends over certain length
US7337881B1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2008-03-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Full float multi-force caliper assembly
US20070051568A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-08 Akebono Corporation (North America) Tapered pin design
DE102014111229B4 (en) * 2014-08-07 2019-05-16 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Disc brake for a commercial vehicle

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1521038A (en) * 1974-10-22 1978-08-09 Girling Ltd Sliding caliper disc brake
GB2010983A (en) * 1977-11-26 1979-07-04 Sumitomo Electric Industries Pin Guide Apparatus
GB2015908A (en) * 1978-02-02 1979-09-19 Akebono Brake Ind A Support Assembly for a Floating Caliper Disc Brake
GB2078884A (en) * 1980-07-02 1982-01-13 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Disc brake with a caliper supported by slide pins
EP0046432A2 (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-02-24 The Bendix Corporation Disc brake
EP0052543A1 (en) * 1980-11-13 1982-05-26 BENDIX France Disk brake
EP0053724A1 (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-16 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Improvement in a disc brake

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1381709A (en) * 1971-03-09 1975-01-22 Girling Ltd Sliding caliper disc brakes
FR2129559A5 (en) * 1971-03-09 1972-10-27 Girling Ltd
FR2410764B1 (en) * 1977-12-02 1985-11-22 Girling Ltd IMPROVEMENTS ON DISC BRAKES FOR VEHICLES
US4341289A (en) * 1978-09-25 1982-07-27 Lucas Industries Limited Disc brakes
JPS55109834A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-23 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd Caliper guide mechanism of pin type disc brake
JPS6029017B2 (en) * 1979-03-06 1985-07-08 ワタナベエンジニアリング株式会社 Vehicle disc brake device
JPS6021563Y2 (en) * 1979-06-25 1985-06-27 トキコ株式会社 disc brake
JPS5821943U (en) * 1981-08-04 1983-02-10 株式会社東芝 transfer head
JPS5879143U (en) * 1981-11-20 1983-05-28 住友電気工業株式会社 Disc brake pin boot protection structure

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1521038A (en) * 1974-10-22 1978-08-09 Girling Ltd Sliding caliper disc brake
GB2010983A (en) * 1977-11-26 1979-07-04 Sumitomo Electric Industries Pin Guide Apparatus
GB2015908A (en) * 1978-02-02 1979-09-19 Akebono Brake Ind A Support Assembly for a Floating Caliper Disc Brake
GB2078884A (en) * 1980-07-02 1982-01-13 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Disc brake with a caliper supported by slide pins
EP0046432A2 (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-02-24 The Bendix Corporation Disc brake
EP0052543A1 (en) * 1980-11-13 1982-05-26 BENDIX France Disk brake
EP0053724A1 (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-16 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Improvement in a disc brake

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5064130A (en) * 1988-10-04 1991-11-12 Gfm Holding Aktiengesellschaft Cutting plant for cutting blanks out of a starting strip

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3430351A1 (en) 1985-03-07
FR2550836B1 (en) 1991-04-19
DE8323802U1 (en) 1983-12-01
US4603761A (en) 1986-08-05
ES535266A0 (en) 1985-05-16
FR2550836A1 (en) 1985-02-22
DE3430351C2 (en) 1995-12-21
JPH0570731B2 (en) 1993-10-05
GB2145175B (en) 1987-01-07
ES8505222A1 (en) 1985-05-16
JPS6057025A (en) 1985-04-02
GB8420879D0 (en) 1984-09-19
BR8404114A (en) 1985-07-16

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940816