GB2138480A - Magnetic holding device for refractory lining - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for holding refractory lining elements inside an outer, steel shell until the adhesive or mortar has set. The device possesses a base 10 which is fitted with one or more magnets 11, a retaining bridge 14 which is fastened to this base, and a supporting element 21 which can be fastened at various positions on the retaining bridge. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Device for producing a refractory lining The invention relates to a device for producing a refractory lining which is formed by an outer, steel shelland individual building elements, the latter being arranged in layers, the device being designed as a supporting pad, on which a building element rests until it is fixed in its position.

In orderto produce a refractory lining, building elements irttheform of bricks of fibre-blocks are generally used, these building elements being bonded together by means of a mortar or an adhesive, or by means of some other suitable bonding agent. The production of linings, of this type, for essentially vertical sections of wall presents comparatively few problems, since the building elements can be laid one upon another, in courses. However, it becomes difficultto produce the lining in horizontal roof zones, and in those wall zones which are inclined at large angles with respectto the vertical, as occurs, for example, in the case of vaulted structures. Up to the presenttime, it has been necessary to produce falsework arches, corresponding to the precise curve ofthe inside ofthe lining.Thesefalseworkarches are comparable to a formwork structure, onto which, in each case, the innermost layer of building elements is laid. It is then necessary to wait until the mortar or adhesive has set. The falsework arch in question cannot be removed until the building elements ofthis layer have bonded securely together.

This production method isveryexpensive First of all, a framework must be erected in order to set the falsework arches in their correct individual positions.

The frameworks which are needed to supportthe falsework arches represent a major obstruction within the space which is to be surrounded by means ofthe lining, and adversely affect the accessibility to a considerable degree. The roof zone of a furnace space is often vault-shaped, with its diameter, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the furnace space, increasing or becoming smaller.Thisrnsultsinasituation wherein, in orderto producethe lining in the vault-diameter in question, a falsework arch possessing a corresponding diameter must be available in each case. A large number of differentfalsework arches are therefore needed. The provision of these differentfalseworkarches has also resulted, up to the presenttime, in substantially increased expense.

Moreover, when producing a lining in the roof zone, it is often necessaryto press the building element in question againstthe bonding surface envisaged for its attachment, by hand, until the bonding agent has set, that isto say until the mortar has become hard, or the adhesive has attained an adequate bonding capability. This operation not onlyinvolvesthe application of comparatively large forces, but also contributes to a considerable prolongation ofthe installation time.

Theobject ofthe present invention was accordingly to bring about a substantial reduction in the expense which was hitherto necessary for the production of a refractory lining ofthe abovementioned type.

In orderto achieve this object, a device is proposed, according to the invention, which is designed in a mannersuch that it possesses a base which is fitted with one or more magnets, and a retaining bridge which is fastened to this base, and such that a supporting element can be fastened atvarious positions on the retaining bridge, this element being designed as a supporting pad.

As a result, falsework arches, in the form employed hitherto, are now no longer necessary. There is no further need to set up frameworks and scaffolds inside the space which is to be lined, so thatthis space remains readily accessible. The device which the invention proposes can be fastened to the outer, steel lining-shell with the aid of commercially-available permanent magnets, in a mannerwhich is both reliable and, above all, particularly simple, since on applying the device it is merely necessary to hold it at the appropriate point on the steel shell, while in order to remove the device, it suffices only to pull it off, at the same time tilting it slightly as necessary.In addition, the adjustability ofthe supporting element enables the building element in question to be positioned accurately, and also ensures that the devices can be used for producing linings of different shapes and thicknesses.

However, the expense associated with the manufacture ofthefalsework arches, and with setting them up, is not only expense which is avoided. Rather, the installation time which has hitherto been necessary in order to produce the lining is also substantially shortened. This shortening ofthe erection time must not be attributed only to the fact that time is no longer required for setting-up the frameworks and falsework arches, but also to the factthat it is no longer necessary to wait until the mortar or adhesive has set.

Insofar as there may be a requirement to press the building elements againsttheir respective bonding surfaces by means of a defined force, this can also be effected with the aid of the proposed device, so that the application of force required for effecting the installation is also substantially reduced.

According to an advantageous embodiment ofthe invention,the base ofthe device can be fitted with a plurality of magnets which are spaced one from another, and which form defined supporting points for applying the device to the steel shell. This arrangement leads to an increase in the area over which the base is connected to the steel shell, and to rendering the device more secure, particularly in respect of forces of a nature which could generate a bending moment on the retaining bridge or, as the case may be, a tilting moment acting in the region of the base, and which could hence cause the deviceto separate from the steel shell.

Further advantages are obtained, according to the invention, when the base possesses a baseplate, when the magnet, or magnets, is, or are, located at one ofthe sides ofthe baseplate, and when the retaining bridge is fastened to the opposite side ofthe baseplate. These features render the design ofthe device particularly simple. It is thus possible, for example, to fasten the magnets to the baseplate in a manner permitting their replacement. It is also possible, however, according to the invention, forthe retaining bridge to be connected to the baseplate in a manner permitting detachment, thus enabling retain ing bridges of different lengths to be used atwill.

The retaining bridge should be pivotable, in relation to the baseplate, about at least one axis, in order to enable individual building elements to be positioned at different inclinations with respect two the steel shell.

If appropriate, the retaining bridge can also be connected to the base by means of a ball joint, should a multi-axial inclination be specifiedforthe emplace mentofthebuilding element.

In a practical embodiment ofthe invention, the device is designed in a manner such that the baseplate possesses an angled-over part which extends at least approximately perpendicularto the application sur faceformed bythe magnets, and such that the retaining bridge can be locked in various positions into which it has been pivoted, relative to the angled-over part. Locking can, for example, be effected by means of suitable catch devices, by concealable stops, or by clamping devices. It is particularly advantageous when the angled-over part ofthe baseplate possesses a slot, the shape of which corresponds to an arc of a circle, and into which a clamping screw engages, this screw being connected tothe retaining bridge. This arrangement enables the angle of inclination ofthe retaining bridge to be adjusted with particular ease.

Furthermore, the device designed according to the invention can also be configured in a manner such that it is possible to vary the distance between the base and the supporting element. This can be achieved, for example, by designing the retaining bridge as a multi-part, telescope-like assembly. As a result, the device can be adapted, in a simple manner, to the particular distance between the steel shell and the emplacement position ofthe building element in question.

It is particularly advantageous, according to the invention, when the supporting element is connected to a sleeve which is slipped over the retaining bridge, when the retaining bridge is provided with a thread and when the position ofthe sleeve, on the retaining bridge, can be adjusted by means of a nut. This arrangement permits infinitely variable and very precise adjustabilityto any position required in a particularcase. The supporting element itself will generally be of cantilever design.

However, it is also conceivable, according to the invention,thatatleastaportion oftheoutersurfaceof the retaining bridge be roughened ornotched,thata bracket, extending at approximately right-angles to the retaining bridge, should possess a sleeve which can be slipped overthe retaining bridge, with some play, and that the bracket be lockable as a result ofthe tilting of the sleeve relative to the retaining bridge, and thatthe bracket be designed as a supporting element.

In the case of this embodiment,thesupporting element and the retaining bridgecan be pushed, by hand, into the particular position desired, it being possible, atthe same time, to press the building element againstthe bonding surface reservedfor it.

Since even comparatively slight tilting can be adequ ate for locking the bracket on the retaining bridge, the building element scarcely changes its position when the supporting element is released. In cases where fibre-blocks are used as the building elements, which are composed of a resilient material, it is possible, initially, for the fibre material to be somewhat compressed while being pressed againstthe bonding surface, in orderto compensateforthe subsequent rearward shifting movement ofthe supporting element as tilting occurs.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the bracket is provided, at its free end, with a screwspindlewhich is at least approximately parallel to the retaining bridge, and ifthe screw-spindle is provided with a plate which servesasasupportfora building element.

Even in the event of it being necessaryto shiftthe bracketandthesupportingelementthrough a comparatively long distance along the retaining bridge, this can be effected, quickly and easily, by sliding them along by hand. Thereafter, the screwspindle can be operated in orderto effectafinal adjustment, and/orto press the building element againstthe bonding surface. However, this operation is no longer very laborious, since the screw-spindle requires to be shifted only through a comparatively short additional movement-range.

The device proposed by the invention also provides the precondition for a completely new production procedure. The individual steps ofthis new procedure correspondingly comprise the application,to the steel shell, of magnetically-adhering retaining devices, and the secure holding, by the retaining devices, ofthe building elements which have been brought into their respective emplacement positions, until a bonding agent, serving to attach the building elements, has attained the necessary bonding capa bility,followed bythe removal ofthe retaining devices.

In this procedure, the building elementscan first be placed on the supporting element ofthe device, after which the supporting element can be brought into the correct position. However, a reversal of this sequence is also conceivable.

In the text while follows, illustrative embodiments ofthe invention are described in more detail by referenceto a drawing, inwhich, in detail: Figure 1 shows a refractory lining in a zone which is actually in the process of being erected, using the device; Figure 2 shows, in a perspective representation, a lining in the form of a vault; Figure 3 shows, oman anlarged scale, a portion taken from the representation depicted in Figure 2; Figure 4 shows, in a perspective representation, the use of the device in the installation of another lining; Figure 5 shows a modified embodiment ofthe device.

First of all, the intention is to describe the device proper, by reference to Figure 1. A plurality of permanent magnets 11 are fastened at one of the sides of a baseplate 10, spaced one from another. At the opposite side, the baseplate 10 possesses an angled-over part 12 which is provided with a slot13.

the shape of which corresponds to an arc of a circle One ofthe ends of a retaining bridge 14,whichhasa round cross-section, is fastened to the angled-over partl2 in a mannersuch that it can pivot about an axis 15. A clamping screw 16 passesthrough both the retaining bridge 14 and the slot 13, and enables the retaining bridge 14to be locked in the angular position desiredforthe application in question. The opposite partofthe retaining bridge 14 is provided with athread 17.A supporting element 18 possesses a sleeve 19which can be slipped overthe retaining bridge 14, it being possible to fix the position ofthis sleeve 1 9with the aid of a nut 20 which is screwed onto the tflread 17. In other respects, the supporting element 181 isofcantilever design, and possesses a plate 21 which serves as a supporting surface for one ofthe building elements 22 atanygiven time.

The device which has been described adheres to a steel shell 23 which isa component of a refractory lining, adhesion being effected by means of the permanent magnets 11. As can be seen from Figures 2 and 3, the upperzone ofthe lining has the shape of an approximatelycircularvaultThetwo permanent magnets 11 are located on an axis running approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis ofthe vault structure. This arrangement ensures better adhesion of the permanent magnets 11, compared to an arrangement which would result in the axis in question running in a direction corresponding appro ximatelytothe peripheral direction.

In the position shown in Figure 1,the retaining bridge 14forms, in all directions under consideration, a right-angle with the baseplate 10. The possibility whereby pivoting can take place aboutthe axis 15 serves, in particular, the setting of a predetermined inclination between the line followed bythe steel shell 23 and that followed bythe lining-zone formed by the building elements 22, should an inclination of this nature be specified, departing from the repre sentation shown in Figure 1. However, the ability to pivot can also be utilised in orderto facilitate the operation of placing the building element 22 on the plate 21 once the device has already been applied to the steel shell 23.

Should the need arise, itwould bepossibleto specify a further means of adjustment, by arranging for the plate 21 to be capable of pivoting, in relation to the retaining bridge 14, about an axis which is parallel to the axis 15, or even aboutanotheraxis.

In the production of the lining, the building elements 22 forming the inner or lower layer are in stalled first of all, these building elements consisting of bricks which are bonded together by means of mortar.The layerof mortarproperis not represented in Figures 1 to 3. Each building element 22 of an innermost or lowermost layer of building elements is applied to the building element 22 which has, in each case, already been installed in this layer, starting from the two vertical wall-portions ofthe lining. By following this method, the layer of building elements closes in the upper, central region ofthe vault structure.The operation of application of a building element 22to.a building element 22 which is already in its position, can be carried out immediately, provided thatthe latter element 22 is still fixed in its position by means ofthe device while the mortar has notyetsetcompletely. The installation operation can thus be perfomed within a comparatively short time.

Once the innermost or lowermost layer has been completed in this manner, the building elements 22 forming the next layer above can simply be laid on the top of the layerwhich has alreadybeen completed, without any need to use the devices designed in accordance with the invention. While Figures 2 and 3 show only a two-layer lining, Figure 1 shows a lining which is formed, overall, from three superimposed layers of building elements 22.

Figure 4 shows the installation of a lining in the roof zone of a furnace space. In this installation, the lining has individual building elements 24. Each building element 24 is composed of individual strips of a fibre material, which are bonded together by means of an adhesive. A continuous steel shell, corresponding to the steel shell 23 ofthe embodiment previously described, is not represented in this Figure. Awire lattice 25 is fastened to this steel shell 23. The devices serving to hold the building elements 24 each possess a base 26, to which magnets are fitted, and to which a retaining bridge 27 and a supporting element 28 are fastened. The latter possesses the shape of a bracketwhich can be slid along the retaining bridge 27, and on which the plate 21, serving to support the building element 24, is fastened.The elements serving to lockthesupporting element 28 on the retaining bridge 27 are not represented in detail in this Figure. However, insofarasthese elements are concerned, the device can be designed in accordance with the embodiment shown in Figure 5.

The magnets which are respectively assigned to the bases 26, or the bases 26 in their entirety, can be matched to the dimensions ofthe wire lattice 25 in a manner such thatthe bases 26, or even only their magnets, can be passed through the apertures ofthe wire lattice 25 and be applied to the steel shell, which is omitted from the Figure. However, it is also possible to design the bases 26 in a manner such that their magnets adhere directly to the wire lattice 25, this lattice 25 being composed of steel wires.

On commencing the installation operation, a layer of adhesive is, in each case, applied to the upper surface, as shown in Figure 4, ofthe building elements 24, the thickness ofthis layer being such thatwhena building element24 is pressed against the wire lattice 25, the adhesive passes through the lattice apertures and also encompasses the wire lattice 25, in a manner such that a mechanically positive connection is established, at least in part. The building element 24 in question can either be pressed against the wire lattice 25, by hand, after which the supporting element 28 of the device can be brought into the necessary position. Alternatively, the building element 24, to which the layer of adhesive has been applied, can be placed on the plate 21 ofthe supporting element 28 and be brought into the position required, together with the supporting element 28 and the plate 21, while being appropriate ly pressed against the wire lattice 25. In both cases, the device securely holds the building element 24 in this position, until the adhesive has developed an adequate bonding capability or, as the case may be, until it has set. During this period it is already possible to install further building elements 24 in an analogous manner.

In the case of the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the attachment, to the steel shell 23, of building elements 24, manufactured from fibre material, is elected by means of an expanded-metal mesh 29 and a layer of adhesive which penetrates into this mesh29.Theexpanded-metal mesh 29 is welded to the steel shell 23, orisfastened byanothersuitable method.

Here, too, the device possesses a circular base 26, individual permanent magnets 30 projecting from its side facing the steel shell 23. The dimensions of the permanent magnets 30 can be chosen such that they fitthrough the apertures ofthe expanded-metal mesh 29, or such that they can at least be pushed through these apertures, since the individual mesh wires can generally be deformed sufficientlyforthis purpose.

This, however, would be of secondary importance if the material ofthe expanded-metal mesh 29 were to have an adequate magnetic permeability. Moreover, instead of the three permanent magnets 30 depicted here, it is also possible to fasten a considerably larger number of smaller magnets to the base 26, in an appropriate grid array.

A retaining bridge 27 is fastened to the base 26, the surface ofthis bridge 27 being notched. The supporting element28 comprises a bracket 31,a screw- spindle 32, and the plate 21 which serves as a support forthe building element 24. At one of its ends, the bracket possesses a sleeve 33, the dimensions of which are such that it can be slipped onto the retaining bridge 27, with some play. The retaining bridge 27 can have either a circular cross-section, or a shallow rectangular cross-section. The dead weight of the supporting element 28, alone and unassisted, causes the supporting element 28 to tilt slightly, relative to the retaining bridge 27, owing to the predetermined play in the sleeve 33, which can, moreover, be roughened or notched in the same way asthesurfaceofthe retaining bridge 27.Inconjunction with the tilting movement, the notching brings aboutthe locking ofthe supporting element 28 on the retaining bridge 27.

Atthe beginning ofthe installation operation, it is also possible, first of all, to bring the portions ofthe device formed bythe base 26 and the retaining bridge 27 into the position required forthe application in question. Thereafter, the layer of adhesive is applied tothat side of the building element 24which faces the steel shell 23. The building element 24 can initially be brought into the position reserved for it, and be held securely, by hand, while the other hand is used to applythesupporting element 28 to the retaining bridge 27, and to push the supporting element 28 upwards, on the retaining bridge 27, until the plate 21 can take overthe retaining function. Afinal adjustment can be made by operating the screw-spindle 22, involving, if appropriate, simultaneous slightcom- pression of the building element 24.

Alternatively, however, the building element 24 can, first of all, be placed on the plate 21, and be brought into position depicted in Figure 5, together with the supporting element 28.

Claims (12)

CLAIMS:

1. Device for producing a refractory lining which is formed by an outer, steel shell and individual building elements, the latter being arranged in layers, the device being designed as a supporting pad, on which a building element rests until it is fixed in its position, characterised in that the device possesses a base (10,26) which is fitted with one or more magnets, and a retaining bridge (14,27) which isfastened to this base (10,26), and in that a supporting element (18,28) can befastened atvarious positions onthe retaining bridge (14,27), this element(18,28) being designed as a supporting pad.

2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in thatthe base (10,26) is fitted with a plurality of magnets (11,30) which are spaced one from another, and which form definedsupporting pointsforapplying the device to the steel shell (23).

3. Device according to Claim 1 or2, characterised in that the base possesses a basepFate (10), in thatthe magnet (11), or magnets (11), is, orare, located at one ofthesidesofthe baseplate (10), and inthatthe retaining bridge (14) is fastened to the opposite side ofthe baseplate (10).

4. Device according to one ofthe preceding claims, characterised in thatthe retaining bridge (14,27) is connected to the baseplate (10) or, as the case may be, to the base (26), in a manner permitting detachment.

5. Device according to one ofthe preceding claims,characterised in thatthe retaining bridge (14) can be pivoted in relation to the baseplate (10) or, as the case may be, in relation to the base, about at least one axis (15).

6. Decive according to Claim 5, characterised in that the baseplate (10) possesses an angled-over part (12) which extends at least approximately perpendicularto the application surfaceformed bythe magnets (11), and in thatthe retaining bridge (14) can be locked in various positions into which it has been pivoted, relative to the angled-over part (12).

7. Device according to Claim 6, characterised in thatthe angled-over part (12) ofthe baseplate (10) possesses a slot (13), the shape of which corresponds to an arc of a circle, and into which a clamping screw (16) engages, this screw (16) being connected to the retaining bridge (14).

8. Device according to one ofthe preceding claims, characterised in that its possible to vary the distance between the base (10,26) and the supporting element (18,28).

9. Device according to Claim 8, characterised in thatthesupporting element (18) isconnectedtoa sleeve (19) which is slipped over the retaining bridge (14), in thatthe retaining bridge (14) is provided with a thread (17), and in thatthe position ofthe sleeve (19), on the retaining bridge (14), can be adjusted by means of a nut (20).

10. Device according to Claim 8, characterised in that at least a portion of the outer surfaceof the retaining bridge (27) is roughened or notched, in that a bracket (31), extending at approximately rightangles to the retaining brictge (27), possesses a sleeve (33) which can be slipped overthe retaining bridge (27), with some play, the bracket being lockable as a result ofthe tilting ofthe sleeve (33) relative to the retaining bridge (27), and in thatthe bracket (31) is designed as a supporting element (28).

11. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the bracket (31) is provided, at its free end, with a screw-spindle (32) which is at least approximately parallel to the retaining bridge (27), and in that the screw-spindle (32) carries a plate (21) which serves as a supportfor a building element (24).

12. Procedure for producing a refractory lining which is formed by an outer, steel shell and individual building elements, the latter being arranged in layers, the device being designed as a supporting pad, on which a building element rests until it is fixed in its position, characterised in that magnetically-adhering retaining devices are applied to the steel shell, in that the retaining devices securely hold the building elements which have been brought into their respective emplacement positions, until a bonding agent, serving to attach the building elements, has attained the necessary bonding capability, and in that the retaining devices arethereafter removed.