GB2129453A

GB2129453A - Hand held tufting machine

Info

Publication number: GB2129453A
Application number: GB08225233A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Jamshid Divangahi
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-09-04
Filing date: 1982-09-04
Publication date: 1984-05-16

Abstract

This apparatus is a light, hand held textile tufting machine. It produces single tufts of yarn in a base material by means of a reciprocating single hollow needle (2). The needle is designed to emerge in and out of a nozzle (3) which is fixed in its position. A cylinder (5) accommodates a piston (6) which is fixed to the hollow needle at one end and to a contact pin (9) at the other end. The contact pin, is driven by a driving disc (10). The nozzle and cylinder are firmly fixed in their position by means of a connecting plate (8). This plate is firmly fixed to the top of a gear box (12) by its other end. The gear box is driven by a motor (13). A bobbin (16) contains yarn which is threaded through the piston and the hollow needle. For tufting operation, the machine is lifted and held by one hand (similar to holding a pen) and the tip of the nozzle is kept firmly in touch with the base material. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Tufting machine 1.1 Introduction This apparatus is a small textile tufting machine. The principles of its operation are to tuft an individual thread into a base fabric, i.e. woven or knitted fabric.

The lightness of this machine allows it to be easily lifted and hand operated. Figure 1 shows a side view diagram of the machine, and Figure 2 gives an indication of the position of this machine in respect to how it is hand operated.

Referring to Figure 1, the machine works on the principle of one thread line and one needle. In this respect it is similar to a conventional sewing machine. The hollow needle which carries the yarn inside is designed to reciprocate too and fro and in and out of the tip of the nozzle, see Figure 1. It is this action of the needle which is responsible for tufting and creating loops at predetermined heights in the base fabric.

Briefly a description of the machines operation is that when the tip of the nozzle, (see Figure 1 ) is kept in touch and lightly pressed against one surface of a stretched base fabric, (see Figure 2) one full stroke of the needle into the base fabric forms a loop with the yarn on the other side of the base material. A combination of several successive strokes on one line constructs a distinct row of loops in a base fabric. Side by side construction of several rows of loops in a base fabric forms a new textile structure similar to that of some tufted carpet fabrics.

Thus the machine can be used for different purposes, such as to produce completely tufted textile materials or partly tufted structures, i.e.

decorative tuftings or markings. In the following section the main parts and working principles of this machine are described in detail. This is followed by an indication of some preparatory stages before actual tufting with the machine can proceed. The specification also gives an idea of how the machine is used, the claim section defines the scope and fields to which the machine can be used. And finally the abstract summerises the content of the specifciation, section 1, with particular emphasis piaced upon the inventive aspects of the machine.

1.2 Main parts and working principles The machine can be divided into two distinct sections: (i) Rear end, and (ii) Front end; Figure 3 which is more detailed a diagram of the machine, shows these two sections clearly. In the rear-end the machine consists of a motor (13), a gear box (12), a driving disc (10), and mountings (14) for a ball bearing (15) which accomodates a bobbin (1 6), (when in use some of these parts are provided with covers but here they are not mentioned). The front end of the machine consists of a nozzle (3) and a cylinder (5), a needle (2) and a piston (6). These two sections, (front and rear), are firmly held together at a 900 angle by means of a connecting plate (8). The mechanical contact between the two main parts is carried out by means of a contact pin (9).

Referring to Figure 3, at one end the contact pin (9) is fixed to one end of the piston (6). The outer diameter of the piston is slightly lesser than the inner diameter of the cylinder (5), therefore the piston can easily be accomodated and reciprocate inside the cylinder.

In the centre of the piston there is a hole which is represented by the 'L' shaped hole (7) in Figure 3. This hole is designed to provide a path for the yarn. One end of this hole leads outside, from the upper surface of the piston. The other end of the 'L' shaped hole to the back of the hollow needle.

Referring to the position of the piston (6) and needle (2), inside the cylinder (5), a hole is provided along and in the centre of the nozzle (3) with a diameter slightly higher than the needles diameter to allow the needle to move both freely in and out of the nozzle.

As can be seen in Figure 3 at the rear-end of the machine the contact pin (9) is fixed to a driving disc (10). The driving disc is mounted by its centre on a shaft (11) and in turn is driven by this shaft. The shaft also is driven by a gear box (12). And finally the gear box is mounted on and is driven by an electric motor (13).

When the machine is switched on the motion of the motor (13) in constant revolutions is transmitted to the gear box (12). This motion is in turn transmitted to the driving disc (10) by means of the driving shaft (1 1), see Figure 3. Since the foot hold of the contact pin (9) is fixed in an "off" set position in reiative to the centre of the driving disc (10) the rotary action of the disc transmits a reciprocating motion along the contact pin (9).

Furthermore since the other end of the contact pin is attached to the end of the piston (6), and the cylinder (5) and the nozzle (2) holding the piston, are fixed in their position the reciprocation of the contact pin is in turn transmitted to the piston. As a result the needle (2) is moved too and fro, and therefore in and out of the nozzle.

With reference to Figure 3, to introduce yarn to the machine, it is first pre-wound onto an appropriate bobbin (16). This bobbin can easily be fitted into a ball bearing (15) which is held by mountings (14). These mountings are firmly attached to the machine, once the bobbin is in position the machine can be threaded. To thread the machine, the yarn (1) and (17) enters the shorter section of the 'L' shaped hole (7) then goes through this hole and enters the piston side of the hollow needle (2) and emerges from the pointed side of the needle.

To clarify the working principles of the machines main parts a full description of each part is given in the notes below, where necessary the relation of each part to the other parts is also described. Sections to be described are: (I) The nozzle and the needle; (II) the cylinder and the piston; (III) contact pin and the driving disc; (IV) motor and gear box; (V) yarn specifications and threads; (VI) bobbin and bobbin mountings; (VII) light source; (VIII) hand grip and hand strap; (IX) guards and covers.

1.2.1 The needle and the Nozzle The hollow needle is cut diagonally at one end, at an angle to the cross-section of its cylinder, to create a sharp point.

On the other end the needle is fitted into a small cylindrical mounting. This cylinder end of the needle is then fitted to the end of the thread line hole in the piston (see (2) and (6) in Figure 3).

Figure 4 shows a side view diagram of a needle. It should be added however that the needle can be selected from a range of needles with different diameters for a specific tufting purpose, for example finer needles are used for tufting finer yarns, and higher diameter needles are used for tufting courser yarns.

The nozzle is made from one piece of metal together with the cylinder. Thus although each is designed to carry out a specific function they cannot be parted. Figure 5 shows a diagram of the cylinder and nozzle.

The length of the nozzle is designed so that when the piston is in the inner most part of the cylinder, an appropriate length of the needle imerges from the tip of the nozzle.

Figure 6a shows a simplified diagram-of the position of the nozzle and needle when the piston is in the inner most part of the cylinder.

Alternatively when the piston is drawn back to the far most part of the cylinder, the needle is made to lay fully inside the nozzle. Figure 6b shows the position of the nozzle and needle in this latter position. The length of the imergent needle which is marked by "X" in Figure 6a and the distance between the tip of the nozzle to the point of the needle, which is marked "Y" in Figure 6b, both have great significance in the overall operation of the machine. Assuming that the machine is in operation and that each stroke of the needle starts when the point of the needle is exactly level with the tip of the nozzle, then one full stroke of the needle can be broken into the steps shown by simplified diagrams in Figures 7a, b, c, and d.

Figure 7a shows the needle is ready to move out of the nozzle, Figure 7b shows that the needle has reached its maximum outward movement and starts to return, Figure 7c shows that the needle is at the end of its backward movement inside the nozzle and is ready to move forward, and Figure 7d shows that the needle is returned to where the stroke started.

When the machine is in operation as soon as the point of the needle emerges from the nozzle it enters the base fabric (see Figure 7b), therefore in this position the tip of the nozzle cannot be moved in any direction in line with the surface of the base fabric on which the tufting would be taking place. In this position inside the structure of the base fabric the needle carries the yarn into the structure of the fabric and when withdraws leaves a loop in the fabric (see Figure 7c). As soon as the needle withdraws from the base fabric the tip of the nozzle is able to slide by an applied force of an operator to a new position over the base fabric, (see Figure 7d).Considering that this force is constantly applied in a straight line, each time the needle withdraws from the base fabric the tip of the nozzle, and therefore the position of the point of the needle in relation to the position of the previous loop is changed by a distance. This distance would be determined by the magnitude of the applied force, by the distance "Y" shown in Figure 6b, and by the speed at which the needles moves in and out of the nozzle.

In general the full length of needle emerging out of the needle is responsible for the height of the loops, and the speed and distance at which the needle travels in-and-out of the nozzle, together with the applied force are therefore the factors responsible for the distance between the individual loops or pile density of the resultant tufted material.

1.2.2. The cylinder and piston The cylinder is a tube of circular cross-section, (see Figure 5). It is open at one end and incorporates the nozzle at the other end. The cylinder accomodates the piston inside and acts as a guide tube for the reciprocating movement of the piston. Referring to Figure 5, the cylinder is firmly fixed to the connecting plate and does not move when the machine is in operation, but its position on the connecting plate can be slightly altered as a pre-adjustment of the machine. This latter arrangement is made in a way that if necessary the cylinder can be displaced in relation to the connecting plate slightly forward or backward. Figure 8a shows a random position of the cylinder on the connecting plate.Figure 8b shows that by displacing the cylinder slightly forward, from the random position the needle will be displaced in a new position further inside the nozzle. Alternatively Figure 8c shows that this latter situation can be reversed by moving the cylinder slightly backward in relation to the random position shown in Figure 8a.

Thus the alteration of the cylinder on the connecting plate alters the relative distances of the point of the nozzle tip (shown by "X" and "Y" in Figure 6a and 6b respectively) and consequently effects the overall pile height and pile density (see 1.2.1) in the tufting process.

As was previously described (see 1.2.1), the piston is fitted to the hollow needle at one end and to the contact pin at the other end, its function is to transverse the reciprocating action of the contact pin to the needle, guide the needle in the nozzle, and provide a path for the thread line. Figure 9 shows a diagram of the piston. On the outer surface of the piston there are some circular grooves which are to act as lubricant reservoir, these grooves also help to reduce friction between piston'and the cylinder when the machine is in operation.

1.2.3 The contact pin and driving disc Figure 10 is a top view diagram of the machine, this figure shows how each end of the contact pin is fixed or pivoted to the piston and driving disc, thus providing a mechanical bridge between these two parts. The contact pin is pivoted at each end so that when the driving disc rotates by one full revolution the contact pin moves the piston forward and back by a constant distance.

Thus the driving disc transmits its rotary action into a linear reciprocating motion of piston by means of the contact pin. The factor which is responsible for this mechanical action is the pivoting of the foot hold of the contact pin at a distance to the centre of the driving disc.

Figure 1 a shows a simplified diagram of the position of the foot hold of the contact pin on driving disc at one instance when the driving disc is about to rotate clock-wise through a 1 800 angle from this position. Considering that one end of the contact pin is fixed to the piston, when the rotary motion of the disc starts the contact pin also starts to move forward. Thus at the end of half a revolution of the driving disc the contact pin is driven forward by a distance 'S' in Figure 11 b.

This distance will be equal to the diameter of the circle on the driving disc, which the foot hold of the pin covers as the disc rotates. The driving disc continues to compiete its one revolution by moving on from the position shown in Figure 11 b by retuming clock-wise to the first position shown in Figure 1 a and 11 c, and in doing so pulls the contact pin back by the same distance 'S'.

In relation to the above, as the driving disc continues its constant revolutions, the contact pin moves forth and back thus moving the piston and the needle 'with it.

In order to increase or to decrease the stroking distance of the contact pin (see 'S' in Figure 11 b), the foot hold of the contact pin may be fixed further away or nearer to the axis of the driving disc respectively. This alteration in turn alters the length of the needle coming out and going into the nozzle and as a result effects the height of piles and the distance between them. Figure 12 shows that the machine incorporates a row of foot holes for the contact pin on the driving disc.

This arrangement gives the operator the choice of height and density of the piles in the base material.

1.2.4 Motor and gear box The electric motor and gear box are not specifically designed for this machine but have both been especially selected, from the range already on the market for this purpose.

Normally the gear box has a four speed output which starts at half a revolution per second. The speed is increased in steps by multiplies of three revolutions per second to a top speed of 1 3.5 revolutions per second (these limits can be modified for lower or higher speeds output if required), depending on the operators skill and intricacy of the design involved. The motor runs by a 1 2 volt direct current. It can either be operated by a 12 volt battery or by a 12 volt output of a converter which would be connected to the mains (input 240V, A.C. 50Hz). In addition the motor is switched on and off by means of a foot switch to provide an easier operation.

1.2.5 Yarn specification and threading The machine is designed to use staple or continuous filiment yarns. The yarns with heavier linear densities must be of very little hairy appearance and should have relatively smooth surfaces. The yarn of lighter densities can be operated individually or may be doubled and then used.

However thicker needles are used for tufting of courser yarns and finer needles for tufting of finer yarns.

Threading of the machine is done by a specially designed suction instrument. Figure 13 shows a diagram of the suction instrument. This device consists of a rubber ball, a rigid pipe, and a small hemisphere rubber cap. One end of the rigid pipe is pierced into the ball and the other end is pierced into the convex side of the cap. When the rubber ball is squeezed a stream of air pressure passes through the pipe and out of the rubber cap, and when the rubber ball is released the flow of air pressure returns by entering the rubber cap, through the pipe, and then into the rubber ball.

Figure 14 shows that to start threading the machine, first the rubber ball is squeezed, then the concave side of the rubber cap is kept firmly in touch with the nozzle tip. Then the yarn end is just fed into the thread line hole above the piston.

When the rubber ball is released from the squeezed state a stream of air enters the thread line hole at the top of the piston, goes through the needle, and eventually enters the rigid pipe and into the rubber ball and in doing so carries the yarn all the way with it.

1.2.6 Bobbin and bobbin mountings To incorporate the yarn source on the machine a bobbin, containing the yarn is fitted on the machine. For this purpose the bobbin is placed on a ball bearing with very small friction between the outer and inner shell. This ball bearing is fitted by its inner shell to a cylinder. This cylinder is fixed to two metal holdings at each end. The metal holdings are in turn fixed to the metal covers of the gear box by their other end. Figure 1 5 shows the arrangement of bobbin, ball bearing and the mountings on the machine.

However the machine can also operate with an external yarn source. Figure 1 6 shows that the yarn is drawn from a cone shaped bobbin which is suspended from a position above where the tufting would take place. If such external source is used the yarn end should be fed into the machine at a right angle, and its tension should not exceed the tension of the yarn provided by the bobbin which is incorporated on the machine.

The advantage of the incorporated bobbin is that it gives the operator much more ability to manoeuver the machine while tufting. But the incorporated bobbin contains a limited amount of yarn and therefore has to be refilled at intervals.

These characteristics are reversed if an external source such as the cone bobbin is used.

1.2.7 Light source To give extra light in and around the point where tufting takes place, a light source is also incorporated on the machine. Figure 1 7 shows that this light source is fitted to the outer surface of the cylinder. The light is powered by the same source (12V D.C.) as the motor.

1.2.8 Hand strap and hand grip The machine is operated in very much the same way as an ordinary writing pen. Although it is light enough to be hand operated on its own with a certain degree of ease, but in order to facilitate a better handle, the grip of the operators hand on the machine is increased further by two means. First there is a special groove around the cylinders outer shell (see Figure 5) where the operator places his/her fingers in the same way as holding a pen. And secondly there is a leather strap (see Figure 2) which straps around the hand and is fixed t9 the back of the gear box. The strap can be adjusted according to the size of the operators hand.

1.2.9 Guards and covers Finally the mechanical parts, gear box, and motor are all covered with covers and guards.

Figure 18 shows a two dimensional view of the machine, together with hand operation of the machine.

1.3 Preparation for tufting The machine may be used for such purposes has making tufted carpets or towel designed samples, art works for wall and floor covering, decorative tufting and so forth. If it is used in these areas then some preparatory stages such as firmly stretching the base fabric on a frame is necessary.

On the other hand the machine may be used for informative purposes such as marking, numbering and lettering of bales, bags, or fabrics in continuous production lines. In this latter case no preparatory stages are necessary but the surface on which tilting takes place should be reasonably smooth.

The preparations for the making of design samples and art works are described in successive steps in this section. To give a better indication examples for each step will be referred to the preparation of the samples of the tufted fabric which is enclosed with these notes.

1.3.1 Selecting a design To start the preparation first a design is selected or drawn on a paper. the machine can follow highly detailed designed patterns similar to those used for embroidary.

Figure 1 9 shows the design of the enclosed sample.

1.3.2 The size The size at which the selected design is to be tufted is decided next. The machine is capable of producing very small samples to large rugs. In the enclosed sample of the material the design shown in Figure 1 9 is doubled.

1.3.3 The base fabric The size of the base fabric, preferably woven, is dependent on the size of the design which is to be transferred onto the base fabric.

If multiple repeats of one design is required for tufting the size of the base fabric is increased accordingly. Having prepared suitable size fabric, it is then stretched on a frame such as a wooden frame.

1.3.4 Selecting appropriate colours of yarn and winding If the design comprises of different colours then appropriate colours of yarns are selected and wound onto bobbins ready to be replaced onto the machine while tufting is in progress.

1.3.5 Drawing the design on the base fabric This is an optional step and may be avoided if one wishes to do so. It depends on the complexity of design and skill of the operator. The idea is to print the actual size of the design pattern on the framed base fabric and then trace (tuft) the lines and cover the areas of the design pattern by tufting. Alternatively one can avoid this stage by looking at the design and tuft the patterns on the base fabric directly.

1.3.6. Adjustings The machine is capable of producing different pile heights and pile densities (see 1.2.1 and 1.2.2). Thus it is adjusted at this stage according to the height and density of the resulting piles.

1.4 Tufting Having completed the preparatory stages the machine is ready for tufting.

Tufting can only be successfully carried out in certain directions. These directions are determined by the diagonai shape of the needles sharp end, (see Figure 4). To give an indication of relations between the needles point and direction of tufting, Figure 20a shows an instance in the tufting process where the needle is inside the base fabric, from this position the tufting can only proceed along and in the direction shown by the arrows. To simplify this latter figure, Figure 20b shows the area and direction of tufting in relation to the circle where the needle is suggested to be at the centre.

Figure 20c shows that in order to tuft a design line which in some parts exceeds those limits mentioned above, the operator turns the machine in accordance to the centre axis of the needle and therefore can carry on the tufting process without having to stop.

Nevertheless in order to cover an area of design pattern the tufting has to be carried out in steps. Figure 20d shows that boundary of a design area is tufted by starting, in a clockwise direction from the point A to B. In the latter figure, having completed the right hand side on the boundary the machine is then stopped, removed and taken back to point A, and this time by tufting the left hand side of the pattern the boundary is completed. Figure 20a shows that to cover area of a circle the tufting is done line by line, that is first the line AB then CD and so on until all the area is covered.

High quality tufting with this machine, as with most textile machines requires a certain amount of skill. The important factors during tufting are constant movement of the nozzle over the base fabric, and at the same time tracing the intricacy of the design pattern. However after a short period of tufting practice an operator would be able to reasonably work with the machine. Once the skill of tufting is developed highly complex designs can be tufted in very short times. All around improvements will continue with further practice and use of the machine. When the tufting is complete the design will be in a carpet structure form. Piles of this fabric would be in loop form. In order to give the fabric a better appearance the loops are then cut by an electric shears or by hand with sissors, depending upon the size of the material and extent of use.

The cutting of loops can take place before or after it has been taken off the frame. The tufted fabric has good stability and can withstand some mechanical actions such as washing by hand or in a machine. To strengthen the structure even further rubber resins or foam backings can be used on the back of the fabric.

Claims

2 Claims 2.1 The specified apparatus is a very light hand operated textile tufting machine which has both professional and domestic applicaç ons. The fields in which the machine can be utilized are listed below: 2.1.1 Carpet design and towel design This is to produce one unit or more of a design pattern for a carpet or towel to give an indication, to the designer concerned of its suitability for possible mass production. 2.1.2 Carpet and rug Which may be produced professionally or otherwise for floor or wall coverings. 2.1.3 Wall hangings Professionally or otherwise tufting of art works i.e. framed pictures, decorative hangings, wall coverings. 2.1.4 Wall covering For comparatively small spaces or partly tufted covers for large spaces and partly tufted curtains. 2.1.5 Covers and mats Professionally or otherwise producing partly or wholly tufted covers or mats such as table mats and cushion covers. 2.1.6 Motifs and badges These may be made either as seperate articles to be attached to garments or can be directly superimposed, tufted, on the garment if the garment has a suitable structure for this purpose. 2.1.7 Lettering, numbering and marking This is to tuft letters, numbers, or marks on textile structures, or similar soft structures, either as informative signs or decorative features. For this purpose it can be used in continuous production lines, on batches, or on bags especially when other marking means such as ink are not suitable or prefer to be avoided. 2.1.8 Binding The machine can be used for binding of two or more layers of textile fabrics or similar soft materials. 2.1.9 Computer control tufting The machine can be operated by a computer in a similar way that a pen is operated by a computer on a computer print out. New claims or amendments to claims filed on 2nd December 1983 Superseded claims 1-9 New or amended claims: 1. A portable hand held tufting machine which as a whole combines of: A motor which is coupled to a gear box by means of a shaft and operated by means of a foot switch. The source of electrical power supply to the motor is by a convector or a battery via the foot switch. The mentioned gear box has inter-changeable gear construction allowing variable speeds and torques to be provided for the driven parts of the machine. The output of the gear box, in revolutions is transmitted out by means of a shaft. On the other end the latter shaft is connected to a disc of circular cross-section. The said shaft and disc share the same aims. On the top surface of the disc there are provided eccentric foot holds for an oscillating member, the foot hold of the oscillating member is made to revolve freely inside a fixed hole on the disc, providing room for both lateral and reciprocal movements of the oscillating member. These foot holds are used one at a time to extend or to reduce the length of the stack made by the oscillating member. The said oscillating member is a rod which at the other end is connected to the end of a cylinder. This latter connection point also provides room for lateral and reciprocal movements of the connecting rod. The latter cylinder is mainly immersed into the back of a fixed hollow cylinder. The diameter of the two cylinders differ slightly, the latter having a slightly bigger diameter than the former. The fixed hollow cylinder is fixed into its position and thus provides a path guide for the driven cylinder to move back and forth by the connecting rod. A hollow cylinder needle fixed to the other end of the driven cylinder in such a way that the needle and the cylinder have the same axis. The other end of the hollow needle is cut at an acute angle to provide a sharp end for the hollow needle. The said fixed hollow cylinder has on the other end a nozzle, this nozzle comprises of an hollow cylindrical axis the diameter of which is slightly bigger than the diameter of the hollow needle, the nozzles hollow axis provides a guide and a means for the hollow needle to immerse into and out of the nozzle.Thus the reciprocation of the oscilating cylinder is in turn transmitted to the hollow needle and this needle is allowed to move in an out of the nozzle in the fixed hollow cylinder. The tip of the said fixed hollow cylinder is made to work as a presser foot for the tufting operation. The fixed hollow cylinder is fixed by means of a plate to the upper casing of the gear box. The position of the fixed hollow cylinder on the latter plate can be altered to in turn alter the maximum length of the hollow needle imerging from the tip of the nozzle. 2. In the portable tufting machine mentioned in claim 1, provision is made for the yarn to enter the oscillating cylinder from above, run through this cylinder, and imerge into the hollow needle and come out from the other end of the needle. 3. In the portable tufting machine mentioned in claim 1 and in claim 2, provision is made for a bobbin holder to be fixed by two arms to the back casing of the gear box so that a bobbin, containing the yarn, is installed and freely rotated while the machine is in operation. 4. Also incorporated in the mentioned portable tufting machine, claim 1, 2, and 3, a surface is provided on the outer shell of the said fixed hollow cylinder to provide a mean by which an operator finger holds this area, in the same way as a writing pen is held, and operates the tufting machine similar to a writing pen, and there is also two straps fixed at one end to the rear casing of motor and gear box and join to hold the hand of an operator at the other end. 5. A seperate threading instrument for the portable tufting machine mentioned in claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, consists of: a rubber suction ball pierced and connected to a tube. The latter tube is connected at the other end to a pierced convex centre of a emsphere rubber. 6. A light source is fixed to the outer surface of the said fixed hollow cylinder just before the nozzle. This light source operates by the same foot switch provided for the motor and as a consequence operates only when the machine is in operation. The figures 1 to 20 which accompany the specification are illustrated features of the portable hand tufting machine claimed in the claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. References and numerals for drawings: Figure 1-Side view of the machine. 1.Yarn 2. Needle 3. Nozzle 4. Nozzle tip 5. Cylinder 6. Yarn 7. Bobbin Figure 2-The position of the machine in respect to hand and base fabric. 1. Frame 2. Base fabric 3. Laces to stretch the base fabric 4. Hand strap Figure 3-Detailed diagram of Tufting Machine. 1. Yarn 2. Needle 3. Nozzle 4. Finger Grips 5. Cylinder 6. Piston 7. 'L' shaped thread hole 8. Connecting plate 9. Connecting pin 10. Driving disc 11. Driving shaft 12. Gear Box 13. Motor 14. Bobbin mountings 15. Ball-bearings 16. Bobbin 17. Yarn Figure 4-The needle. 1. Cylindrical mountings Figure 5-Nozzle and Cylinder. 1. Nozzle 2. Nozzle tip 3. Connecting plate 4. Cylinder Figure 6a-The position of the nozzle and needle when the piston is in the inner most part of the cylinder. 1. Cylinder 2. Piston Figure 6b-The position of the nozzle and needle when the piston is in the outer most part of the cylinder 1. Cylinder 2. Piston Figure 7-(a), (b), (c), and (d)-successively showing one full stroke of the needle into the base fabric 1.Yarn 2. Nozzle 3. Front of piston 4. Needle 5. Base fabric 6. Loop of yarn 7. Position of new loop Figures 8-Adjustment of the cylinder and nozzle in relation to the connecting plate. 8a.-A random position 8b.-The cylinder adjustment to the most forward position 8c.-The cylinder is adjusted to its most back position in relation to the connecting plate Figure 9-The Piston. 1. Needle 2. Lubricant reservoirs 3. Yarn path 4. Contact pin 5. Piston Figure 10-Top view of the machine. 1. Piston 2. Driving disc 3. Foot hold of the contact pin pivoted on the disc 4. Contact pin 5. Connecting plate Figures 11-Simplified diagram showing corresponding motion of the contact pin and piston on the driving disc when the disc makes one revolution. Figure 11 a-the start of a revolution Figure 11 b-half a revolution Figure 11 c-the end of one revolution 1. Piston 2. Contact pin 3. Driving disc Figure 12-A simplified diagram of different foot holds arranged for contact pin on the machine. Figure 13--The suction device for threading the machine. 1. Rubber ball 2.Rubbercap 3. Pipe Figure 1 4-Position of the suction device on the machine for threading. 1. Squeezed rubber ball 2. Rubber cap 3. Pipe Figure 1 5casing the yarn from the incorporated bobbin. 1. Bobbin 2. Ball-bearing 3. Cylinder Figure 1 6casing the yarn from an external cone. 1.Cone Figure 1 7-The light source fitted onto the cylinder.

1. White

2. Dark brown

3. Beige

4. Black

5. Brown

6. Blue and silver Figure 20-Directions and proceedures for tufting.

Figure 20a 1. Needle 2. Base fabric 3. Nozzle Figure 20c 1. Turning points

1. Light bulb Figure 1 8a-Two dimensional view of the tufting machine 1 8b-Hand operation of the tufting machine.

Figure 1 9-The design pattern for the sample enclosed.