GB2124309A - Cylinder head gasket for combustion engine - Google Patents
Cylinder head gasket for combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2124309A GB2124309A GB08315545A GB8315545A GB2124309A GB 2124309 A GB2124309 A GB 2124309A GB 08315545 A GB08315545 A GB 08315545A GB 8315545 A GB8315545 A GB 8315545A GB 2124309 A GB2124309 A GB 2124309A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- head gasket
- gasket
- graphite
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F11/00—Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines
- F02F11/002—Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines involving cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
- F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
- F16J15/122—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally parallel to the surfaces
- F16J15/123—Details relating to the edges of the packing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
A cylinder head gasket 1 consists of a laminated graphite body 1%, 1_, 1>. The gasket is clad in the region of openings therethrough as a protection against the attack of combustion products. The thickness of the laminated body in these regions is less than the thickness of the unclad parts of the gasket at least by the thickness of the cladding 5. As a result of the stepped thickness of the gasket, the forces acting on the cladding 5 are reduced. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Cylinder head gasket for combustion engine
This invention relates to a cylinder head gasket for an internal combustion engine.
Cylinder head gaskets consisting predominantly of asbestos have been subjected to increasing criticism on account of the possible damage they may cause to health. In addition, on technical grounds, these gaskets are not entirely satisfactory, in particular when subject to strong thermal stressing. Hence numerous other materials have been investigated alone or in combination for their suitability for use on manufacture of cylinder head gaskets. Cylinder head gaskets made of graphite foils possess a desirable thermal resistance and are insensitive to change in conditions to which they are subject.
Graphite foils are obtained in general from flakeshaped natural graphite which is reacted with acids acting in oxidising manner to form graphite intercalation compounds. The intercalation compounds are thermally decomposed, whereupon the particles expand to concertina shaped expanded forms and can then be rolled or pressed together without addition of binders to form flexible foils or laminated bodies. By the term laminated bodies is here understood shaped bodies which, on account of the direction in which the expanded particles lie, possess a marked optically recognisable layer structure and correspondingly vectoral properties, such as thermal and electric conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient, which indicate a large degree of anisotropy (German Patent Specification 1,253,130).
It is additionally known to reinforce mechanically the laminated bodies by means of metal inlays in the form for example of wide mesh webs or thin perforated sheet metal with needle like attachments with a view in particular, to increasing the shearing resistance (German
Offenlegungsschrift 25 18 351). Cylinder head gaskets formed of reinforced graphite laminate bodies are provided with a number of openings therethrough which will be aligned, in use, with the cylinder bores of the internal combustion engine and other bores or recesses which serve perhaps for the through passage of cooling or lubricating fluids.When the engine is operated, the openings corresponding with the cylinder bores are subjected in particular to considerable stressing as a result of periodic pressure and temperature cycles and the structural changes caused thereby favour the attach of the eroding, oxygen-containing combustion gases on the laminated bodies. In order to improve the
resistance to oxidation of such cylinder head gaskets consisting of graphite laminate bodies, it is known from U.S. Patent Specification
3,841,289 to compress the laminated bodies to a greater density in a region annularly enclosing
each cylinder bore than over the rest of the gasket.
One therefore ends up with a cylinder head gasket which possesses in the annular region a greater density than in the remainder of the gasket. On stressing, the overall gasket is compressed to the same thickness, with the annular gasket region being compressed more strongly, for example to almost 100% of the theoretical density. Such cylinder head gaskets are, on account of the greater erosion and oxidation resistance of the denser region, more resistant to working conditions without any need for the bearing pressure on the gasket to be essentially increased.
Cylinder head gaskets with compressed zones in the region of the bores and parts which face other recesses of the combustion engine possess in general sufficient service lives when subject to low and intermediate stressings. When in contact with combustion gases, which possess high oxygen and solids contents, the stability of the gasket is not sufficient. Under these conditions, it has been necessary to use cylinder head gaskets whose surface in the region of the openings is clad with thin metal layers or plates. Examples of such oxidation and erosion resistant ciaddings are galvanised or aluminium-plated steel sheets with a thickness of about 0.15 to 0.25 mm which are applied by the usual flanging methods to the cylinder head gasket. The gasket body is necessarily compressed more strongly in the clad or flanged regions in this procedure, than in the
unclad regions of the gasket.The difference amounts, with the usual compression and thickness ratios to about 40 to 50% so that the
restoring forces are greater in the clad region
almost by about this amount. The stresses frequently cause the formation of cracks in the metallic cladding, which thereby loses its
protective function.
According to the present invention, there is
provided a cylinder head gasket for use in an
internal combustion engine, which is formed from
a laminated body made from a plurality of layers of
flexible graphite, which comprises several
openings intended to be aligned with the cylinder
bores and with any other recesses present in the
engine and which is provided in the region of said
openings with a cladding for protecting the
graphite against erosion and burn-off, the
laminated body possessing in its clad parts a
thickness which is less where the cladding is
present than in the unclad part.
With a cylinder head gasket embodying this
invention, should the thickness of the sheet metal
forming the cladding amount for example to
0.2 mm, the thickness of the laminated body is, in
the clad part, less by at ieast this amount than in
the free part of the laminated body. It is preferred
that laminated bodies are used which possess
over the width of the cylinder head gasket a
different number of graphite layers, so less layers
are present in the clad parts of the laminated body
and more layers are present in the unclad part. The
laminated bodies with a stepped number of layers
are appropriately produced by compression of
expanded graphite particles in a die with use of
profiled upper and lower punches or by rolling of
graphite foils provided with openings or perforations on a core of foils free from openings.
The bulk density and accordingly the degree of compression of the graphite layers is individually determined by the degree of expansion of the graphite particles used in their production and the conditions of use of the gasket, layers with a bulk density of 1.0 to 1.5 g/cm3 being however of special advantage on account of the broad range of uses of the gasket.
This invention is based on the observation that a high degree of compression of the laminated body in the clad parts of the cylinder head gasket, which bound openings in the gasket surfaces lead frequently to tears in this region on account of the large restoration forces and cause harm or even destruction of the cladding. By the reduction of the thickness of the clad parts of the laminated body, these forces are lowered in the critical regions of the cylinder head gasket to a value not affecting the strength of the cladding. As a consequence, the effective life of the gasket increases considerably.
For a better understanding of this invention and to show how the same can be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view of a cylinder head gasket, and
Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section through the cylinder head gasket of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, a laminated body formed of flexible graphite consists of layers 1', 1" and 1"' and possesses openings 2 and 3 therethrough. The openings 2 correspond to the cylinder bores when the cylinder head gasket is in use in an internal combustion engine and the openings 3 correspond in their positioning to recesses of the engine serving for the transport of cooling and lubricating fluids. In a zone 4 annularly surrounding the openings 2 the laminated body 1 consists only of the layer 1" which is clad with the sheet metal 5. The thickness of the layer 1" is less than the doubled thickness of sheet metal 5. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the laminated body 1, it contains a needled metal sheet 6 with points bent up in the form of needles from the plane of the metal sheet.
To produce the cylinder head gasket as illustrated, graphite foils are for example rolled on both sides onto a needled metal sheet whose thickness amounts to 0.15 to 0.25 mm, about 1.8 to 2.0 mm inclusive of the needles, the graphite foils having a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6 mm and a bulk density of about 1.0 g/cm3. In a second operating step, a further graphite foil of the same constitution is rolled on each side, these graphite foils having previously been provided with recesses whose size and distance correspond to the parts of the gasket, which are provided with a cladding. The gaskets and the different openings disposed symmetrically in the gaskets with respect to the recesses are stamped from the laminated body whose bulk density without the inlaid needled sheet metal amounts to 1.3 to 1.5 g/cm3, and these parts of the laminated body are clad in the region of the openings by flanging with metal sheets.
Claims (5)
1. A cylinder head gasket for use in an internal combustion engine, which is formed from a laminated body made from a plurality of layers of flexible graphite which comprises several openings intended to be aligned with the cylinder bores and with any other recesses present in the engine and which is provided in the region of said openings with a cladding for protecting the graphite against erosion and burn-off, the laminated body possessing in its clad parts a thickness which is less where the cladding is present than in the unclad part.
2. A cylinder head gasket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laminated body is made of flexible graphite reinforced with metal inlays.
3. A cylinder head gasket as claimed in claim 2, wherein the metal inlay is a needled metal sheet.
4. A cylinder head gasket as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the graphite layers have a bulk density of 1.0 to 1.5 g/cm3.
5. A cylinder head gasket, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823223003 DE3223003A1 (en) | 1982-06-19 | 1982-06-19 | CYLINDER HEAD GASKET FOR COMBUSTION ENGINE |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8315545D0 GB8315545D0 (en) | 1983-07-13 |
| GB2124309A true GB2124309A (en) | 1984-02-15 |
| GB2124309B GB2124309B (en) | 1985-11-27 |
Family
ID=6166405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08315545A Expired GB2124309B (en) | 1982-06-19 | 1983-06-07 | Cylinder head gasket for combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3223003A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2528911A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2124309B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4705278A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1987-11-10 | Fel-Pro Incorporated | Selectively compressed expanded graphite gasket and method of making same |
| GB2195152A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-03-30 | Ishikawa Gasket | Gaskets for internal combustion engines |
| US4781389A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1988-11-01 | Goetze Ag | Flat sealing gasket having graphite-filled armor |
| EP1250496A1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2002-10-23 | Graftech Inc. | Flexible graphite article |
| CN102808951A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-12-05 | 苏州柏德纳科技有限公司 | Sealing gasket |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3403875C2 (en) * | 1984-02-04 | 1987-02-12 | Klinger Ag, Zug | Flat seal |
| DE3639160A1 (en) * | 1986-11-15 | 1988-05-26 | Sigri Gmbh | CYLINDER HEAD GASKET |
| FR2897299B1 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2008-05-23 | Carbone Lorraine Composants So | FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE / METAL MULTILAYER SEALING SEALS ADAPTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE CONDITIONS. |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1192798A (en) * | 1966-09-14 | 1970-05-20 | Goetzewerke | Gasket |
| US3841289A (en) * | 1973-02-20 | 1974-10-15 | Gen Motors Corp | Engine cylinder head gasket |
| GB1522172A (en) * | 1975-04-04 | 1978-08-23 | Ishino Gasket Mfg Co Ltd | Gasket sheets and gaskets produced therefrom |
| GB1585593A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1981-03-04 | Goetze Ag | Flat gasket of impregnated material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT210214B (en) * | 1958-10-27 | 1960-07-25 | Effedi S R L | Gasket for cylinder heads of internal combustion engines |
| DE1248397B (en) * | 1966-06-15 | 1967-08-24 | Goetzewerke | Flange seal |
| DE2518351A1 (en) * | 1975-04-25 | 1976-11-04 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh | Self supporting composite element - has surface with holes and graphite coating layer for use as electrode |
| US4254963A (en) * | 1979-12-04 | 1981-03-10 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | Gasket assembly |
-
1982
- 1982-06-19 DE DE19823223003 patent/DE3223003A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-03-29 FR FR8305162A patent/FR2528911A1/en active Granted
- 1983-06-07 GB GB08315545A patent/GB2124309B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1192798A (en) * | 1966-09-14 | 1970-05-20 | Goetzewerke | Gasket |
| US3841289A (en) * | 1973-02-20 | 1974-10-15 | Gen Motors Corp | Engine cylinder head gasket |
| GB1522172A (en) * | 1975-04-04 | 1978-08-23 | Ishino Gasket Mfg Co Ltd | Gasket sheets and gaskets produced therefrom |
| GB1585593A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1981-03-04 | Goetze Ag | Flat gasket of impregnated material |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4781389A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1988-11-01 | Goetze Ag | Flat sealing gasket having graphite-filled armor |
| GB2195152A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-03-30 | Ishikawa Gasket | Gaskets for internal combustion engines |
| GB2195152B (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1990-05-16 | Ishikawa Gasket | Improvements in and relating to gaskets for internal combustion engines |
| US4705278A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1987-11-10 | Fel-Pro Incorporated | Selectively compressed expanded graphite gasket and method of making same |
| EP1250496A1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2002-10-23 | Graftech Inc. | Flexible graphite article |
| EP1250496A4 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-07-14 | Advanced Energy Tech | Flexible graphite article |
| CN102808951A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-12-05 | 苏州柏德纳科技有限公司 | Sealing gasket |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2124309B (en) | 1985-11-27 |
| FR2528911B3 (en) | 1985-04-19 |
| DE3223003A1 (en) | 1983-12-22 |
| GB8315545D0 (en) | 1983-07-13 |
| FR2528911A1 (en) | 1983-12-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |