GB2122133A - Improved waterproof sheet - Google Patents

Improved waterproof sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2122133A
GB2122133A GB08313214A GB8313214A GB2122133A GB 2122133 A GB2122133 A GB 2122133A GB 08313214 A GB08313214 A GB 08313214A GB 8313214 A GB8313214 A GB 8313214A GB 2122133 A GB2122133 A GB 2122133A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sheet
sheet according
film
fabric
bonded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08313214A
Other versions
GB2122133B (en
GB8313214D0 (en
Inventor
Gregory Richard Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coal Industry Patents Ltd
Original Assignee
Coal Industry Patents Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coal Industry Patents Ltd filed Critical Coal Industry Patents Ltd
Priority to GB08313214A priority Critical patent/GB2122133B/en
Publication of GB8313214D0 publication Critical patent/GB8313214D0/en
Publication of GB2122133A publication Critical patent/GB2122133A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2122133B publication Critical patent/GB2122133B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
    • B32B11/10—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
    • B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B11/046—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
    • B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
    • B32B2309/105—Thickness

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

An improved waterproof sheet has a central plastics film having a layer of flexible waterproofing bituminous material on one side. One face of the film has bonded thereto a reinforcing fabric which is not impregnated with any bituminous material. The face of the bituminous material may have a thin film of plastics or, if the sheet is self- adhesive, a release sheet. The sheet is easy to handle and make and is resistant to puncturing, and is particularly useful for waterproofing roads, bridge decks and in general civil engineering.

Description

SPECIFICATION Improved waterproof sheet This invention concerns an improved waterproof sheet, more particularly heavy duty sheets especially suited for use in construction and civil engineering work such as membranes for roads and bridges and for generai waterproofing applications where good puncture resistance is required.
A large variety of waterproof sheets have been proposed and marketed, including tar-paper and tar-impregnated felts although currently there is great interest in laminated sheets having a combination of one or more bituminous layers with one or more layers of synthetic plastics film or impregnated woven or non-woven fabrics.
Some of these laminated sheets carry an outer layer of an adhesive, usually protected by a release sheet of known type, and such self-adhesive laminates offer considerable convenience in application compared to bonding a waterproofing sheet onto a previously applied coating of bituminous adhesive, usually hot molten bitumen.
Heavy duty forms of these laminates frequently contain a tar- or bitumen-impregnated felt or woven or non-woven fabric, which increases the resistance to puncture of the laminate. These reinforced laminates find their major use in civil engineering applications such as reservoirs and pools or ponds, tunnels, packing structures and areas, and especially road pedestrian pavement construction and bridge decking. However, we believe that in no case has a reinforced sheeting been produced having an external sheet of reinforcing fabric which is not impregnated or coated with bituminous material either before or during formation of the laminate.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a novel waterproofing laminate having an external layer of reinforcing fabric which is not impregnated with bituminous material, which laminate is believed to offer advantages over known laminates, especially as regards ease of manufacture.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a waterproofing laminate sheet comprising a puncture resistant reinforcing fabric, bonded to a central sheet of plastics film to which is bonded on the side remote from the fabric, a layer of a flexible bituminous waterproofing material, said fabric not being impregnated by any bituminous material.
The sheet of the invention may include, on the face remote from the fabric, a further sheet of plastics film, which may be the same or different in composition of thickness to the central sheet.
Instead of such a further sheet, the second layer of bituminous material may be tacky and intended to adhere to a substrate without the use of heat. In such a case, the tacky face may be protected by an easily strippable release sheet. Such release sheets are well known and commercially available and may be a paper or film treated with a material such as an oil or a silicone to provide a surface to which the tacky layer does not substantially adhere.
In a first embodiment of the invention, the fabric is bonded to the central film by means of a further layer of flexible bituminous waterproofing material. The two bituminous layers may be of identical composition, and of identical thickness, or may not.
The material chosen to form the bituminous layer or layers may be coal tar, pitch or petroleum bitumen based, but is preferably a modified bitumen. By modified bitumen is meant oxidised or blown bitumen and mixtures thereof, or of natural bitumen or bitumen resulting from the processing of crude or other petroleum oil, with oils, polymers, tackifiers, plasticisers, particulate or fibrous fillers. Preferably, the modified bitumen includes a rubber, which includes natural and synthetic elastomers.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the fabric, especially as a spun-bonded mat, is directly heat-bonded onto the central sheet of plastics film; this may be accomplished by laminating during manufacture of the mat.
The reinforcing fabric may be a natural or synthetic fibre woven or non-woven fabric.
Preferred fabrics are non-woven felts or mats, such as a spun-bonded mat, made from a synthetic fibre such as nylon, polyethylene or polypropylene, "Terylene" (Registered Trade Mark), or, most preferably, polyester, having the desired properties as regards penetration of the laminate sheet of the invention. A suitable fabric is a spun-bonded polyester mat of from 150 to 600 g/m2 preferably from 200 to 500 g/m2 weight. Another preferred fabric is a spun-bonded polyethylene/polypropylene bifilament mat; such mats are marketed under the trade name "Terram" by ICI Fibres Ltd.
The central film is suitably a polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride film, which is suitably about 50 to 300 microns thick, and includes films of modified forms of these polymers, for example a polyethylene modified with rubber. If the sheet of the invention carries a further sheet of plastics film bonded to a bituminous layer and on the face remote from the fabric, this may as has been stated above be identical to or different from the central film. Such a sheet, with the outer plastics film, is particularly suited for application to substrates such as concrete by melt-bonding, that is by so-called "torching". Alternatively, such a sheet may be applied to a substrate using an adhesive, especially a bituminous adhesive, such as a bituminous emulsion, molten bitumen or coldapplied bituminous-rubber adhesive.
The sheet of the invention is conveniently prepared in strip form which can be stored as rolls.
The outer fabric offers ease in handling especially since the chance of blocking of adjacent sheets or layers in a roll is very much reduced since there is no exposed quantity of bituminous material. For strips inteded for construction or building operations where the strips are to be manually applied, they are conveniently of 80-120 cm wide. A preferred sheet in strip form has a longitudinal part, of 5 to 1 5 cm in width, having no fabric covering, thus exposing the bituminous material; this is particularly useful for ensuring good lap-bonding between adjacent strips. The total thickness of the laminate sheet of the invention is suitably from 1 to 10 mm.
The sheet of the invention may be manufactured using known technology, but is preferably produced on a laminating plant such as that described in British Patent Specification No.
1,528,815.
The invention also provides a method of forming a waterproof seal on a surface, comprising adhering to the surface a sheet according to the invention. If the sheet has a tacky bituminous layer which is protected for handling purposes by a release sheet, the release sheet is stripped off and the tacky side pressed down on the surface, using a roller or even hand-pressure.
For some substrate surfaces, especially concrete, better adhesion may be achieved by priming the surface beforehand, for example with a bituminous emulsion. The sheets may be "torched" onto the surface, or used with an adhesive.
The laminate sheet of the invention, when applied, provides an integral waterproof membrane capable of withstanding considerable traffic use. Preferably, the top surface should be treated with a "tack" coat of bitumen, or another suitable priming or keying treament, prior to the road wearing surface.
The laminate sheet of the invention is useful also in general civil engineering waterproofing wherein the tough, puncture resistant fabric permits the use of a single sheet for waterproofing applications without the use of protection boards to protect the sheet from damage during backfilling.
The invention will now be described by way of example only.
EXAMPLE Using a laminating plant as described in British Patent Specification No. 1,528,81 5, a laminate sheet according to the invention was built up.
A central film of rubber-modified polyethylene of 90 micron thickness was coated on both sides with a rubber-modified bitumen in a thickness of 3 mm. One of the bitumen faces has a 10 micron polyethylene film applied, and the other has a polyester spun-bonded mat or a "Terram" polyethylene/polypropylene spun-bonded filament mat of 350 g/M2 weight applied and bonded so that there is no substantial impregnation of the mat. The overall width of the sheet is 110 cm, the mat having a width of 100 cm thus leaving a selvedge of 10 cm bitumen exposed, to which is applied a strip of the same 10 micron polyethylene film. The sheet was produced as a roll having a length of 10 m.
The sheet was torched onto a concrete base for a rod, with the selvedge being torched also to provide a strongly adherent lap joint. A layer of tack bitumen was applied to the upper mat, surface before a conventional bitumen base road surface was applied. Excellent results were obtained as regards water penetration and coherence of the road structure.
A modified version of the sheeting was prepared by compounding the bitumen used for the sheeting to give a tacky, pressure-sensitive coating for the central film. The exposed surface of the tacky layer was protected by a silicone-treated release paper, as was the selvedge. The modified sheet could be easily applied to concrete using hand or roller pressure; the concrete is suitably primed in conventional manner using a bitumen emulsion primer.
Excellent results were also obtained by a further modified version consisting of the abovementioned "Terram" fabric mat heat-bonded onto the central film, with a layer of tacky, pressuresensitive bituminous material on the side of the film remote from the fabric. The exposed surface of the tacky layer was protected by a siliconetreated release sheet, together with the selvedge.

Claims (14)

1. A waterproofing laminate sheet comprising a puncture resistant reinforcing fabric bonded to a central sheet of plastics film to which is bonded on the side remote from the fabric, a layer of a flexible bituminous waterproofing material, said fabric not being impregnated by any bituminous material.
2. A sheet according to claim 1, comprising, on the face remote from the fabric a further sheet of plastics film.
3. A sheet according to claim 1, wherein at least the said layer of flexible bituminous material is tacky.
4. A sheet according to claim 3, wherein the tacky face is protected by an easily strippable release sheet.
5. A sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bituminous material is a rubber-containing modified bitumen.
6. A sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing fabric is a non-woven felt or mat of a synthetic fibre.
7. A sheet according to claim 6, wherein the reinforcing fabric is a spun-bonded mat of polyester of from 1 50 to 600 g/m2 weight.
8. A sheet according to claim 6, wherein the reinforcing fabric is a spun-bonded polyethylene/ polypropylene bifilament mat.
9. A sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the central film is a polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride film or a film of a modified form thereof.
10. A sheet according to claim 9, wherein the film is 50 to 300 microns thick.
11. A sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing fabric is bonded to the central sheet of plastics film by means of a further layer of a flexible bituminous waterproofing material.
12. A sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the reinforcing fabric is directly heatbonded to the central sheet of plastics film.
13. A sheet according to claim 1 , substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. A method of waterproofing a substrate comprising applying to the subsrate a continuous layer of a sheet according to any one of the preceding claims.
GB08313214A 1982-06-18 1983-05-13 Improved waterproof sheet Expired GB2122133B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08313214A GB2122133B (en) 1982-06-18 1983-05-13 Improved waterproof sheet

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8217758 1982-06-18
GB08313214A GB2122133B (en) 1982-06-18 1983-05-13 Improved waterproof sheet

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8313214D0 GB8313214D0 (en) 1983-06-22
GB2122133A true GB2122133A (en) 1984-01-11
GB2122133B GB2122133B (en) 1985-10-16

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2614330A1 (en) * 1987-04-27 1988-10-28 Lefebvre Jean Ets Structure sealing composite and process for installing this composite
WO1989012551A1 (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-12-28 Drg (Uk) Limited Barrier membranes e.g. for use in building
FR2720764A1 (en) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-08 Lefebre Entr Jean Bilayer sealing complex for ground site sealing
EP0843761A1 (en) * 1995-07-10 1998-05-27 Interface, Inc. Urethane-modified bitumen sheet material and method for protective moisture barrier
EP1505212A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-09 Winfried Braun Method for sealing building works

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB988083A (en) * 1960-11-10 1965-04-07 Gerald Gobert Improvements in or relating to methods of and means for preserving buildings or likestructures
GB2094226A (en) * 1981-03-06 1982-09-15 Phoenix Ag Sealing sheet for roofs and other parts of buildings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB988083A (en) * 1960-11-10 1965-04-07 Gerald Gobert Improvements in or relating to methods of and means for preserving buildings or likestructures
GB2094226A (en) * 1981-03-06 1982-09-15 Phoenix Ag Sealing sheet for roofs and other parts of buildings

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2614330A1 (en) * 1987-04-27 1988-10-28 Lefebvre Jean Ets Structure sealing composite and process for installing this composite
WO1989012551A1 (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-12-28 Drg (Uk) Limited Barrier membranes e.g. for use in building
FR2720764A1 (en) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-08 Lefebre Entr Jean Bilayer sealing complex for ground site sealing
EP0843761A1 (en) * 1995-07-10 1998-05-27 Interface, Inc. Urethane-modified bitumen sheet material and method for protective moisture barrier
EP0843761A4 (en) * 1995-07-10 1999-12-22 Interface Inc Urethane-modified bitumen sheet material and method for protective moisture barrier
EP1505212A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-09 Winfried Braun Method for sealing building works

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2122133B (en) 1985-10-16
GB8313214D0 (en) 1983-06-22

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940513