GB2115021A - Loom having shed-forming weaving discs - Google Patents

Abstract

A hand loom is provided which enables the width and the length of weaving to be adjusted. The warp is formed by reeling the yarn around a frame 1 of the loom, the longer side beams 2a, 2b of which are telescopic and the shorter side beams 2c, 2d are formed as a warp beam 13 and a cloth beam 14. Onto the frame 1 close to the cloth beam 14 there is fixed a disc register 20 and between the latter and the cloth beam 14 is fixed a crossbeam 19c supporting hand temples 30a, 30b. The disc register 20 is composed of a series of discs 22 equal to the number of warps clamped on a shaft 21, border projections 24 of the discs forming the upper shed limit, the hubs of the discs forming the lower shed limit. The main component part of each hand temple 30a, 30b is a 270 DEG -helix 32, one extension 32a of which is fixed elevation-adjustably in a holder 31 movably fixed in axial and rotational direction on the crossbeam 19c, the second extension 32b being axially drilled and provided with a needle 33 coinciding as to orientation with the edge yarn of the warp in the finished cloth. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Loom having shed-forming weaving discs The invention reiates to a loom having shedforming weaving discs, particularly for weaving by hand either in household or in designing departments.

The application of the weaving discs or eccentric sheaves is known in prior art machine looms for forming the shed, wherein eccentric sheaves are used for moving the levers lifting the shafts of heaids, the eccentirc sheaves being located at a distance from where the shed is formed, consequently; however, there is neither known any application of the weaving discs or eccentric sheaves at hand looms nor is a direct transfer of the solution from machine looms to hand looms possible.

Known looms for hand weaving, manufactured e.g. by the Finnish loom manufactures Toika of Toijala, consist of a free-standing framework into which the basic weaving elements are incorporated, such as can be found in all machine looms in more pretentious embodiments; so e.g. a warp beam, a cloth beam, healds, shafts, slays, raddles etc. In the processes preparatory to weaving it is necessary to dispose of a warp winder and of other warp-balling and rewinding as well as warp-beaming machines for forming the warp.

A common feature of the warps at machine weaving and at known hand-weaving lies in that at forming the warp each yarn of the warp beam has to individually inserted through the heaid and the raddle and fixed to the cloth beam.

For maintaining a constant width of the cloth there is in prior art known the application of articulated hand temples the ends of which are provided with needles to be sticked into the long stripes of the finished cloth.

The problem of maintaining a constant tension of the warp at simultaneous conducting away the finished cloth and forwarding the warp threads is at known hand looms solved so that the weaver at his own discretion screws up the cloth beam and loosens the warp beam. Said estimation of tension thus depends upon the experience and the routine of the weaver, and on the other hand there is into the assembly of the warp beam and the cloth beam incorporated a ratchet wheel with a pawl which essentially only enables a stepwise, i.e. gradual, moving of the cloth beam.

From the prior art as analyzed and as given above there first of all proceed the following disadvantages. In proportion to the total weaving time forming the warp involves a lot of work: From the prepared warp beam it is necessary to insert each warp thread into the heald and subsequently into the raddle, finally fixing the same on the cloth beam; this tedious work has to be done by two persons so that the need for (additional) warp-forming devices cannot be neglected; the arrangement of hand temples is also realized step-by-step and in dependence upon the visual estimation of the state of cloth, the long strips of which are on the spots where the hand temples were sticked more intensely compacted than the rest of the cloth area; finally, it evidently proceeds from the analysis of tension of the warp yarns that at one extreme the warp tension is on the limit of loose condition, it at the other extreme being on the limit of compaction.

Said disadvantages result in that the fabric widely differs from the desired homogeneousness.

On the basis of the above starting points the main object of the invention is to realize a loom particularly, a hand loom, which enables the manufacturing of fabrics close to ideal, i.e.

homogeneous, fabric without tedious operation of forming and inserting the individual warp yarns, the hand loom providing both warp-forming and cloth-weaving. Simultaneously this loom enables the manufacture of fabrics of different width without necessity to change the conditions of weaving in view of alteration of width of cloth; besides, all processes preparatory to weaving are simplified.

According to the present invention there is provided by a loom having shed-forming weaving discs, comprising a rectangular frame, the longer beams of which are telescopic and at one end interconnected by means of a warp beam and at the other end interconnected by means of a cloth beam, said warp and cloth beams forming the remaining beams of said frame.

Onto the telescopic beams there are attached both a freely rotatable shaft with a disc register and a crossbeam with hand temples, the shaft being close to the cloth beam and parallel to it, the crossbeam being between the shaft and the cloth beam.

The connection between the outer tube and the inner tube of the telescopic beam is achieved by means of a lead screw screwed into a nut pilot of the inner tube and free rotatable as well as axially guided within a termination guide pilot of the outer tube adjacent to the cloth beam, between said guide pilot and an abutment, e.g. in form of a pair of a nuts, there being on the lead screw suspended a pressure spring forcing the inner tube out of the outer tube. The disassembling of both tubes is at the other end prevented by a spindlehead attached to the free end of the lead screw protruding through the termination guide of the outer tube.

The crossbeam supporting the hand temples represents a spacing means between the outer tubes of the telescopic beams at the same time.

To said spacement there is adapted the length of the cloth beam assembly comprising a knurled tube, a couple of flange means provided with journal-pin inserted in the end section of said tube, and a couple of friction rings, i.e. ring insertions, inserted between each of the flange means and the telescopic beam.

Essentially the hand temple is embodied of a steel rod of circular cross-section, in form of a 2700-helix having tangentially, i.e.

perpendicularly, ending extensions of different lengths, the longer extension of which is provided with a thread for fixing thereof in a holder put on the spacing means, i.e. the crossbeam, the other extension being coaxially bored and having a steel needle inserted into this bore. Obviously the hand temples are embodied symmetrically regarding each other, i.e. in form of a left-handed and a righthanded helix, respectively, and incorporated in such way that their needles coincide with the lateral yarns of the warp or with the finished fabric, respectively, both in view of the position and the orientation in the direction to the cloth beam.

The disc register consists of weaving discs threaded on a shaft, the hubs of which abut each other, the vertical flanges thereof being spaced for the diameter of the warp yarn. In the rim zone of the disc a cylindrical projection is foreseen protruding from the disc surface, a recess being foreseen on each side of this projection in circumferential direction, the diameter thereof being slightly greater than the diameter of said projection. The disc is provided with three further pairs of such recesses, all recesses being radially equally distanced, arranged uniformly pair-by-pair in said rim zone. Instead of the projections in the middle of each remaining pair of recesses a further recess is foreseen, the cross-section of which corresponds to the cylindrical projection both regarding the shape and the size.These intermediate recesses are foreseen for inserting additional, independent projections, if required by the weave or the round of the pattern chosen, respectively.

The length of the projection of the weaving disc exceeds the length of the hub of the same disc so that in the assembled condition of the register each projection reaches into one of the recesses of the abutting disc, thus definitely bridging over the spacement between the discs.

As the discs are preferably made of plastics, the register is at both ends reinforced by a metal disc.

Within the range ofthe basic constructional- features given above numerous variants of the hand loom are possible, always adapted to the set aims of weaving; in the detailed description given hereinafter there is represented a generalized embodiment of the loom according to the invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to realize embodiments meeting their own requirements.

An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of an example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front eievation of a hand loom having shed-forming weaving discs, according to the invention, in one of possible conditions prior to the beginning of forming the weaving warp; some elements thereof being in a sectional view to show the inner structure of the proposed construction, diagrammatic simplifications being used; Figure 2 is a view of the left-side of the loom shown in Figure 1 , there being additionally represented a course of warp yarns and from the Figure also evident one or two supporting legs which make it possible a horizontal or an inclined positioning of the loom; Figures 3a and 3b illustrate respectively a plan view and a transverse axial section of a weaving disc as a basic functional element of a disc register, and Figure 4 is a simplified diagrammatic elevation of the functioning of a hand temple according to the inventioin.

The drawings are accompanied by two sheets of tables schematically showing the forming of some weaves using the hand loom according to the invention.

The hand loom according to the invention, shown as one possible embodiment, consists of some basic assemblies and additional functioning or auxiliary elements. A constructional basis is given by a rectangular frame which is as an assembly indicated generally by the reference numeral 1 in Figure 1. The frame 1 is composed of two telescopic side beams 2a and 2b oriented in the direction of the course of the warp, said side beams 2a, 2b being shown in the position when they are telescopically contracted to the smallest possible length, preferably still longer than the length of the remaining side beams 2c, 26 which are oriented in parallel to the weft.

The two telescopic side beams 2a, 2b are equal with the exception that they are arranged mirror-symmetrically. Each of said side beams consists of an outer tube 3 which is for practical and aesthetic reasons of a rectangular crosssection, and an inner tube 4 of circular crosssection. The inner tube 4 is guided within the outer tube 3 indirectly by means of a guide member 5 which is impressed into the free end of the outer tube 3, in Figure 1 this being the upper end thereof. The cross-section of the guide member 5 is adapted to the tubes 3, 4 and therefore said guide member 5 is of a rectangular cross-section with a circular bore in its middle.

The free lower end of the inner tube 4 which is covered by the outer tube 3 is closed by means of an impressed nut 6. Through the latter is screwed a lead screw 7 extending into the inside of the inner tube 4, the part of said lead screw 7 lying outside the inner tube 4 being partly threadless.

This part is axially and rotatably guided within a further guide member 8 which is impressed into the other end of the other tube 3, i.e. the lower end in Figure 1. Between the nut 6 of the inner tube 4 and the guide 8 of the outer tube 3 the lead screw 7 is provided with a pair of nuts 9 both serving as a supporting and a lock nut, between the supporting nut 9 and the guide 8 of the outer tube 3 a pressure spring 10 is placed on the lead screw 7.

It results from the foregoing description of the telescopic side beams 2a, 2b that via the lead screw 7 and the nut 6 the spring 10 forces the inner tube 4 out of the outer tube 3, this action being in the situation of Figure 1 with yet failing warp counteracted by a spindlehead 11 fixed to the end of the lead screw 7 outside the guide 8 of the outer tube 3 and abutting herein the guide 8. A non-rotational interconnection between the spindlehead 11 and the lead screw 7 is schematically indicated by a dash-dotted axis line in Figure 1. For the rotation of the lead screw 7, the reason for which will be described hereafter in the paragraph relating to the application of the proposed hand loom, the spindlehead 11 is provided with a handle 12.

Due to the fact that two telescopic side beams 2a, 2b are provided there is from the constructional aspect forced upon a necessity to kinematically interconnect both lead screws 7 in order that extensions or contractions of both telescopic side beams were synchronous.

However, by means of tests it was ascertained that the loom suitably meets all requirements also through individual adjusting of the length of the side beams 2a, 2b in a way as disclosed hereafter in the paragraph relating to the functioning of the loom. Should, however, such an interconnection be for whatever reason necessary, then it can advantageously be between the spindleheads 11 which-are adequently adapted.

Following the description of the frame 1 the remaining two side beams 2c, 2d will be explained. Both side beams 2c, 2d are tubular elements which will in further description be denominated through their functions: The free ends of the inner tubes 4 of the telescopic side beams 2a, 2b are interconnected by means of the side beam 2c functioning as a warp beam 13, and the free ends of the outer tubes 3 of the telescopic side beams 2a, 2b are interconnected by means of the side beam 2dfunctioning as a cloth beam 14.At their ends the warp beam 13 as well as cloth beam 14 are provided with impressed journal pins 15, 16, the journal pins 1 5 being supported by bearing supports 17 impressed into the free ends of the inner tubes 4, and the journal pins 16 of the cloth beam 14 being supported by adequate bores provided in the outer tubes 3 and the guide members 8 inserted therein. Consequently, the guide members 8 carry out two kinematic functions: They guide the lead screw 7 and bear the journal pin 16.

Preferably, the cloth beam 14 is knurled. There is between the cloth beam 14 and the outer tube 3 of each upright side beam 2a, 2b, in this embodiment between the tube 3 and a flange 1 6a of the journal pin 16, a ring 17' made of a compressible and wear-resistant material having good friction properties.

In addition to the interconnection between two upright side beams 2a, 2b and the two horizontal side beams 2c, 26 of the frame 1 there is, to provide a force-locking interconnection, between the upright side beams 2a, 2b and to achieve the necessary stiffness of the frame 1, a plurality of cross-beams 18, 1 9a, 1 9b, 1 9c. The crossbeam 1 8 interconnects the inner tubes 4 of the upright side beams 2a, 2b in close vicinity to the warp beam 13, the crossbeam 1 9a interconnects the outside tubes 3 of the upright side beams 2a, 2b in the vicinity to the free ends thereof, the crossbeam 1 9b interconnects middle section of these outer tubes 3, and the crossbeam 1 9c interconnects the outer tubes 3 in the vicinity of the cloth beam 14.

In the simplest embodiment the length of the crossbeam 19c, which is advantageously equal to the length of each of the crossbeams 1 9a, 1 9b, and the axial dimension of the cloth beam 14 measured over the friction ring insertions 17' are chosen in such way that the ring insertions 17' are clamped sufficiently in order to provide the necessary friction force so that the cloth beam 14 cannot move by itself. Besides, it is to someone skilled in the art not impossible to foresee other adequate devices for controlling the restraining force of the cloth beam if necessary.

Beside the frame 1 as disclosed above, a further essential assembly of the proposed hand loom is a disc register 20. It consists of a shaft 21 bearing weaving discs 22, wherein the simplest embodiment the shaft 21 is arranged for free rotation on the outer tubes 3 of the telescopic side beams 2a, 2b by means of cantilever bearings 23a, 23b. The disc register 20 is located nearer to the cloth beam 14, its axis of rotation lying outside the plane of the frame 1 preferably on the side oriented to the weaver.

Strictly speaking, the disc register 20 consists of a series of abuttingly compressed discs 22, one of which is shown in Figures 3a and 3b. The disc has a thickness L1 and preferably on one side projects a hub having an axial thickness L2, the dimension L1 being chosen with regard to the desired or the required maximum sett of warp, the dimension L2 being chosen with regard to the diameter of the warp yarn, wherein the difference of the dimensions, i.e. L2 minus L1, must not be smaller than the diameter of the warp yarn. From the margin area of the disc there projects a cylindrical projection 24; diametrally opposite to said projection 24 as well as on the normal line to this direction there is a circular hole 25 on each position at the same radial distance from the axis of the disc as the one of the projection 24.In the circumferential direction to the left and to the right of the projection 24 or the recess 25, respectively, at the same radial distance a further circular hole 26 is provided, the diameter of which is greater than that of the hole 25 or projection 24.

As an alternative to the disclosed embodiment of the disc 22 a disc arrangement can be provided in which, instead of the hub being in one piece with the disc, separate spacer rings are provided in substitution for the hub; and, finally, the projection 24 can be made in form of an independent element tightly inserted into a suitable hole or recess in the disc.

Depending upon the weave the disc 22 has to be provided either with a second projection or both with a second and a third projection inserted into an adequate recess or two recesses 25, respectively.

Proceeding from the technology of weaving according to which a stretched warp is required and considering the fact that to the one skilled in the art it will one base of the foregoing description be clear that the discs are presumably not rigid, whereat any possibility for the yarns to get lost into the area between the projection and the hub of the disc has to be prevented, the length L3 measured over the projection 24 is greater than the length L2 of the hub, which practically means that in the composed register 20 the projection, a couple of projections or the projections 24 relating to one disc 22 project into the area of the abutting disc; such combining is possible by means of recesses 26.

The consequence of such combining of the register or interconnecting the discs is that the projections 24 are from one disc to the other disc alternatively shifted through an angle of P (Figure 3a), i.e. the angle between the projection 2 and the neighbouring hole 26, which feature practically exerts no harmfui influences on the forming of shed.

Due to the required stability the disc register 20 begins and ends with a protective disc 27 (Figure 1) which is preferably made of metai without projections but having adequate recesses or holes.

The weaving disc 22 and the protective discs 27 formed in disclosed manner are threaded onto the shaft 21 as far us a limit stop embodied according to the embodiment of Figure 1 as a sleeve 28 fixed by a pin, the discs being from the other end compressed, they being in the given embodiment compressed by a pair of nuts 29.

Also regarding the embodiment of clamping the weaving discs 22 on the shaft 21, constructional variations are possible without departing from the substance of the invention.

The cantilever bearings 23a, 23h of the disc register 20 are designed to allow for quick removal and placing of said register 20. Though on the basis of the drawing it may be concluded that in the area of the cantilever bearings 23a, 23b the smooth surface of the shaft 21 slides upon the thread of the bolts 30, this does not occur in principle as the apparatus is used in a lying or tilted position. Besides, instead of the bolt 30 the manufacturer can forsee another mode of holding the register 20 in the frame 1. On the shaft 21, for rotating the disc register 20 there is screwed-on a star head 21 a protected from unscrewing by a winged lock unit 21 b.

Of the main assemblies or elements of the proposed hand loom there should be mentioned a hand temple 30a, 30b. The assemblies in question, positioned mirror-symmetrically, are arranged on the crossbeam 1 9c and are composed of a holder 31 placed axially shiftably and rotatably on the crossbeam 1 9c and fixed thereon after the correct position has been determined; further composed of a 2700-helix 32 made of a steel bar and having tangentially, i.e.

individually perpendicularly, ending extensions 32a, 32b of different lengths, the longer extension 32a being elevation-adjustably fixed into the holder 31; and a steel needle 33 rigidly inserted into the shorter extension 32b of the helix 32, the latter extension being axially drilled for this purpose.

The most appropriate position of the hand temples 30a,30b is determined indirectly prior to the beginning of the weaving, when the course of the wrap yarns is already evident. They should preferably be adjusted so that the needles 33 coincides with the limit yarns of the warp in the direction of the final cloth (cf. Figure 4). However, as at the beginning of weaving no final cloth is available, we start from an auxiliary, temporary position of the needles 33, which are finally adjusted soon after a series of wefts.

The auxiliary elements or assemblies of the hand loom according to the invention will mainly be disclosed in the section relating to the application and functioning thereof; in this place there should only be mentioned two stand legs 34, one of which is represented in Figure 2, as well as a crossbar 35 also evident from Figure 2 and serving for bridging the disc register 20 from the inferior side when forming the warp.

In the embodiment shown the stand legs 34 are connected to the outer tubes 3 of the telescopic side bems 2a, ?b in the section of the lower ends thereof, onto the inferior surface thereof, by means of a cantilever lug 36, enabling beside the state as shown, i.e. the stand leg 34 being parallel to the frame 1, also a state when the apparatus is tilted with respect to the horizontal basis. Therefrom it obviously proceeds that the proposed hand loom is preferably used as a handy apparatus put up on a table.

Operation of the hand loom Prior to forming the warp the kind of the weave (linen, twill etc.) has to be decided upon, as in dependence thereon the disc register 20 is arranged. The arrangement of said register with regard to the weave as chosen will be disclosed subsequently, we here proceed from an arranged disc register.

Beside the features on the weaving materials, the weave chosen and the necessary width of the future cloth, the length of the future cloth also represents the starting data. When adjusting the length of the future cloth by extending or retracting the telescopic side beams of the frame 1 it is estimated that the length of the cloth equals twice the length of the frame 1 measured along the warp beam 13 and the cloth beam 14 minus the distance between the disc register 20 and the hand temples 30a, 30b. Having set such or adequate length of the telescopic side beams 2a, 2b, the inner tubes 4 being otherwise elastically supported via both the lead screw 7 and the spring 10 by the guide pilots 8 of the outer tubes 3, are temporarily restrained against the latter in that through the tubes 4 being for this purpose provided with a series of crossing throughreceses 37 (Figures 1,2), a blocking rod 38 is inserted (Due to the fact that the latter represents an auxiliary element only, it is in Figure 1 indicated by a dash-dotted line). When forming the warp the rod 38 is supported by the free ends of the tubes 3 or the guide pilots 5 thereof, respectively.

From Figure 2 it is evident that the tube 3 is provided with a series of eccentrically arranged recesses 39. In this case also through-recesses are in question, which are foreseen in both tubes 3, namely in the section close to the mass center of the system, considering therein the alterability of the length of the telescopic side beams 2a, 26.

At determination of the weaving length, as explained above, the location of the mass center of the system is determined visually or upon estimation (exactness not important here) and subsequently a rotating shaft is inserted into the nearest available recess 39. The rotating shaft is schematically shown in Figure 1 by a revolution axis 40, and an element like the rod 38 can be used.

According to the basic idea of the invention it is foreseen that at forming the warp we help ourselves by using two auxiliary stands, in the simplest case two kitchen chairs with a back, to which there are fixed two joiner's clamps each having a bearing eyelet for inserting therein said rotating rod, which supports the freely rotatable hand loom as a whole. Thus, the apparatus is ready for forming the warp.

The beginning of the warp yarn is temporarily fastened to the cloth beam 14, and the apparatus as a whole is rotated at full revolutions around the horizontal revolution axis 40. In this process, at each revolution of the apparatus the yarn is rested on the disc register 20 on the front side of the apparatus, subsequently it is guided around the warp beam 13 to the inferior side of the apparatus, it resting there on the crossbar 35 and reaching the cloth beam 14 subsequently. When reeling, as described above, the yarns are placed into interspaces between the discs of the disc register until the width of the future cloth is reached. Possible crossing of yarns on the warp beam or the cloth beam is eliminated automatically at subsequent weaving. The last turn of the warp yarn ends on the inferior side of the apparatus by temporary, but strong fastening on the neighbouring yarn.After finishing the warp-forming process, the beginning piece of the warp yarn is also unfastened from the cloth beam and fastened to the neighbouring yarn.

Thus, the warp is formed; the apparatus can be removed from the auxiliary stands (chairs) and placed by means of its stand legs 34 onto e.g. a worktable. The rotating rod can (position 40) be drawn out; for the weaving as such it is not necessary. Concerning the warp, it is only necessary to yet check the distribution of the yarns along the disc register 20 so as to determine it that in each interspace between the discs 22 a single yarn resides. Once this step has been finished, between the disc register 20 (when it is turned adequately) and the cloth beam 14 the first shed is already formed (cf. Figure 2), it having an upper shed and a lower shed.

A doubt as to the circumstance that on the basis of Figure 2 the yarns of the upper shed are stretched stronger than those of the lower shed practically has no ground.

In the following step the blocking rod 38 is drawn out. The inner tension of the warp is transformed into a deformation (compression) of the springs 10, which results in that the spindle heads 11 move away from the guide pilots 8 of the outer tubes 3. Said moving away represents a transformed balanced condition value of the proper warp tension. A reduction of this moving away (by screwing in the lead screw 7 into the nut 6) signifies a relaxation of the warp (increased looseness) and an enlarging of this moving away (as a result of the weaving) signifying a stronger compressing of the springs 10 and, consequently, increased warp tension.It is the weaver's task to check the moving away of the spindle heads 11 and to correct it adequately, as mentioned, by means of screwing the lead screw 7 into the guide 6, thereby reducing the length of the telescopic side beams 2a, 26 stepwise. So as to evade continuous checking of the moving away, indicator units or signalizing units can be added if necessary.

This invention provides no novelty regarding the insertion of the weft. A single difference in comparison to the prior art is shown in figure 4 whereof it is evident that each turn of the weft is led around the needle 33 of the hand temple 32 wherein the needle 33 coincides with the edge yarn of the warp.

The invention involves no novelty relating to the beating up of the weft, either.

When at weaving the needle 33 of the hand temple 32 is along its length gradually covered by the weft, an adequate releasing of the needle is to be provided for. This is achievable by drawing away the finished cloth in that the cloth beam 14 is manually turned by gripping the cloth stretched thereon. Step by step, in the direction of the inferior side of the hand loom there accumulates more and more cloth, in the direction of the disc register 20 there being less and less free length of the warp yarns. When the beginning margin of the cloth passes over the warp beam 13 to the front side of the apparatus, it coming close to the disc register 20 to such extent that practically no separation of yarns is possible to form a shed, weaving is stopped. The rest of the unwoven warp yarns is cut, thereby receiving a weaving product having the desired length and warp fringes.

In the following some instructions are given for arranging the disc register 20 in dependence upon the weave chosen.

In describing the weaving disc 22 (Figures 3a, 3b) it has already been mentioned that each disc provides one projection 24 and that, if necessary, into the other recesses 25 one or two further projections, respectively, analogous to the projection 24 can be inserted, however, made as independent elements (not shown in the drawings).

When two projections are in question, they can either be arranged diametrically against each other or on border edges of the same quadrant.

However, when three projections are necessary and four locations are possible, a single possibility of the distribution of the projections is given at leaving one recess empty. Discs without projections or having four projections, respectively, are not useful according to the invention however, combinations of discs with a various number of projections or various distribution of projections, respectively, are possible.

It is generally foreseen that the disc register 20 is rotated stepwise by 90 , always in one of two possible directions, preferably in the direction of forwarding the warp. Exceptions are possible, where a reciprocating rotation of the register for 900 is sufficient.

As in the foregoing section relating to the description of the construction of the proposed hand loom it has not been mentioned that the rotation of the register 20 step-by-step for 900 represents a function data, it should be explained that, if necessary, in the area of the cantilever bearings 23a, 236 retaining/positioning means can be foreseen, such as a spring-loaded ball in combination with adapted supports on the surface of the shaft 21. Naturally, the assembly of the discs 22 with projections 24 has to be adjusted to these retaining positions.

In the tables attached there are represented some arrangements of the disc register wherefrom only a number of discs has been taken (the remaining discs represent repetitions in accordance with the weave chosen). For practical reasons these discs are only represented in one of four (or two) subsequent rotary positions, the remaining three positions can easily be imagined without drawing accessories. When analyzing the given situations, the following has to be noted: The projections lying in the culmination lift the warp yarns to the upper shed (hatched field in the appertaining weave), the rest of projections leaving the appertaining yarns of the warp in the lower shed (empty field in the weave).Though the discs with the projections thereof are only shown in one of four positions, there are in the weave repeat represented at least four subsequent rows resulting after a full revolution of the disc register, i.e. after inserting four single weft yarns.

Comments to the samples given in the tables: 1. linen received by an arrangement of the discs for 1/3-twiiled cotton, rotating the discs reciprocatingly through 900; 2. 1/3-weft twill; the discs are advanced step by-step through 900 in one direction; 3. broken twill; the discs are advanced step-by step through 900 in one direction; 4. a) linen; the discs are either rotated as under 1 or under 2 or 3; b) weft rib; into each shed two wefts are inserted, the rotating being realized as under 4a); 5. warp rib; the rotating of the discs as under 4a); 6. zigzag twill; the rotating of the discs as under 2; 7. rectangular hopsack weave; in each shed two wefts are entered, the rotating of the discs as under 4a); 8. royal rib; advancing as under 2; 9. crape; advancing as under 2; 10. mixed rib; advancing as under 2; 11. Batavia twill; advancing as under 2; 12. broken twill advancing as under 2; 13. stitched twill; into each shed a couple of wefts is entered; advancing as under 2; 14. warp twill; advancing as under 2.

Proceeding from the aforementioned instructions it is by changing the situation in the disc register possible to obtain any combination of weaving having the weave repeat in weft with four varieties.

Though the embodiment of the loom according to the invention disclosed in adapted for hand weaving, there is not excluded a possibility to apply all the basic ideas relating to forming the shed, the warp and the hand temples according to the invention in the field of machine looms.

Additional possibilities of development reside in the disc register, which would by means of adequate electronics enable rotating the discs individually and not as an assembly.

Claims (10)

Claims

1. A loom having shed-forming weaving discs, comprising a rectangular frame, the longer beams of which are telescopic and at one end interconnected by means of a warp beam and at the other end interconnected by means of a cloth beam, said warp and cloth beams forming the remaining beams of said frame.

2. A loom as claimed in claim 1, in which mounted on the telescopic side beams in the area thereof close to the cloth beam and extending parallel to it is a shaft provided with a disc register which is freely rotatable and in the area between the latter and the cloth beam a crossbeam is arranged supporting two hand temples.

3. A loom as claimed in claim .1 or claim 2, in which the interconnection between the outer and the inner tubes of the telescopic side beams is achieved by means of a lead screw screwed into a but of the inner tube and freely rotatable and axially guided in an end/guiding member of the outer tube place beside the cloth beam, and between said guide member and a support, e.g.

two buts, on the lead screw compression spring is provided to urge the inner tube out of the outer tube, and at the end section of the lead screw projecting outside the guide member of the tube a spindle head is fixed.

4. A loom as claimed in claim 2, in which the crossbeam supporting the two hand temples also forms a distance member between the outer tubes of the telescopic side beams, and the length of the assembly of the cloth beam is adapted to the given distance.

5. A loom as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which into each end of the cloth beam a flange member having a journal pin is inserted and that between the flange member and the outer tube of the telescopic side beam friction ring is inserted, the journal pin projecting through the wall of the tube into the guide member of this tube.

6. A loom as claimed in claim 2, in which the hand temple consists of a holder movably fixed in the axial and in the rotational direction of the crossbeam, to said holder there being essentially in the radial plane of the crossbeam adjustably fixed a 2700-helix made of a steel rod of a circular cross-section, with tangentially, i.e. individually perpendicularly projecting extensions of different lengths, the longer extension being provided with a thread for fixing in the holder, the other extension being axially drilled through and in this bore a steel needle is inserted.

7. A loom as claimed in claim 6, in which the helixes of the hand temples are symmetrical to each other like a left-handed and a right-handed screw, the needles thereof regarding the position and the orientation coinciding with the edge yarns of the warp or finished cloth, respectively, in the direction to the cloth beam.

8. A loom as claimed in claim 2, in which the disc register consists of discs threaded onto said shaft, each having a thickness (L1), the hubs of which, each of an axial length (L2), abutting each other, the flange portions of the discs being spaced by a distance corresponding to the diameter of the warp yarn, in the circumferential border area of each disc there is provided a cylindrical projection of axial length (L3 minus L1), projecting from the disc surface, at each side of this projection there being in the circumferential direction provided at an angular displacement (ç) a recess with a diameter greater than that of the projection, the disc being further provided with three pairs of recesses, all located at the same radial distance and arranged pair-bypair regularly in the circumferential direction, in the middle of each of these pairs of recesses there being instead of the projection provided a further recess, the cross-section of which regarding the shape and the size corresponds to the cylindrical projection, into these recesses there being inserted one or two further independent projections.

9. A loom as claimed in claim 8, in which the length (L3) of the projection of the discs exceeds the length (L2) of the hub of the disc and that in the assembled condition of the register each projection reaches into one of the recesses of the neighbouring disc.

10. A loom having shed-forming discs, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.