GB2113700A - A method of making a particulate composition - Google Patents
A method of making a particulate composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2113700A GB2113700A GB08301047A GB8301047A GB2113700A GB 2113700 A GB2113700 A GB 2113700A GB 08301047 A GB08301047 A GB 08301047A GB 8301047 A GB8301047 A GB 8301047A GB 2113700 A GB2113700 A GB 2113700A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- ingredients
- particles
- mixture
- particulate composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIQQIJXGUZVEBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;propan-2-one Chemical compound OC.CC(C)=O NIQQIJXGUZVEBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A particulate composition is made by forming a wet mix of ingredients which includes an unactivated dissolved binder, drying the mixture under conditions such that the binder is not activated by such drying, and granulating the dried mixture to form a powder. The dried particles are predominantly agglomerates of the mixture ingredients and these may be subsequently pulverised and graded to obtain particles falling within a desired size range. The composition can be used in the manufacture of friction elements for vehicle brakes and clutches, wherein the ingredients comprise phenolic resin binder, graphite, alumina and/or silica mineral fillers, copper and/or zinc metal particles, particles of rubber and/or friction dust and fibres of cotton, carbon and/or steel.
Description
SPECIFICATION
A method of making a particulate composition
This invention relates to a method of making a particulate composition, primarily for use in the manufacture of friction elements for vehicle brakes and clutches.
Our co-pending Patent Application (No. 83-01046) entitled "A Method of Making a Friction Element" describes a process which involves filling a mould cavity.with particulate material prior to performing a pressing operation. A typical friction element made by the aforesaid process includes at least one layer of friction material moulded onto a core plate, the thickness of the friction material being typically of approximately 1 mm and the area of its major annular surfaces being typically of approximately 24 square inches.
The method of the invention is intended for use particularly, but not exclusively, in the manufacture of friction elements of the kind hereinafter exemplified. The efficient filling of the mould cavity by simple techniques, such as sweep filling, can be hindered by inclusion in the composition of materials, particularly fine particles of less than 10 microns, which give rise to a tendency to random agglomeration of the composition which reduces the evenness of the mould fill. This unevenness can result in excessive amounts of occluded air in the mix which cannot easily escape and is compressed during the moulding operation, subsequently expanding when the moulding pressure is relieved and tending to burst the moulding.
Quite apart from the occluded air problem, an uneven fill can give rise also to poor quality in the finished product, and the inclusion in the composition of certain materials, such as mineral fillers, which can be difficult to dry mix satisfactorily with other constituents exacerbates this effect.
Experience has shown that these problems are much less acute when the material used has a particle size falling within a narrow range of between approximately 200 and 400 microns. Because of the widely differing nature of the various ingredients of the composition, it has hitherto been difficult to achieve a uniform particle size.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method of making a particulate composition which is readily gradable to obtain particles within a desired size range and which thereby alleviates or overcomes the aforementioned difficulties.
According to the invention, a method of making a particulate composition comprises forming a wet mix of ingredients which includes an unactivated dissolved binder, drying the mixture under conditions such that the binder is not activated thereby and granulating the dried mixture to form a powder.
The dried powder may subsequently be graded so as to exclude particles not within a predetermined size range.
In one convenient form of the method, a binder is mixed in the dry state with the other dry ingredients and a solvent for the binder then added to the mixture, stirring being effected for sufficiently long to ensure that the binder has been entirely dissolved by the solvent, or substantially so.
In an alternative form of the method, a liquid containing a solution of the binder is added to a mix which may or may not contain additional binder.
Preferably, the binder is a resin, which may be of the phenolictype, and suitable solvents include methanol acetone and methanol. With a binder of this type, the drying step is preferably effected at a temperature below 60 C to ensure that the resin remains substantially uncured. This is important when a subsequent flowing of the binder is required, as for example in the low pressure cure stage of the method described in our aforesaid co-pending Application.
One form of the method of the invention is described hereunder, by way of example, as applied to a composition for use in the manufacture of friction elements.
The formulation chosen for the composition of the friction lining material is phenolic resin binder and graphite in a ratio of approximately 40 : 60 by percentage volume; fine mineral fillers, such as alumina and silica; metal particles such as copper and zinc; organic particles such as rubber and friction dust; and fibres of materials such as cotton, carbon and steel.
It has been found convenient to carry out the method by performing the following steps:
1) Forming a dry mix of the aforesaid constituents, including the phenolic resin binder, in powder form;
2) Adding resin solvent to the mixture in sufficient quantity to form a wet pasty mix and to be able to dissolve all the resin present. Preferred resin solvents are methanol, ethanol and acetone.
3) Agitating the wet mix for sufficient time to ensure complete solution of all the resin.
4) Drying out the mix at a temperature to ensure that no resin curing takes place, usually below 60"C.
Additionally or alternatively, drying may be effected by vacuum treatment. Drying of the mix results in the production of lumps of agglomerate containing all the constituents.
5) Granulating the dried product, as for example in a hammer mill, to produce a fine powder.
6) Sieving the powder to eliminate particles of agglomerate not falling within a desired size range e.g. 200-400 microns. The discarded material may be re-used by being added to a subsequent wet mix of fresh constituents.
The use of the method of the invention makes it possible to adjust the particle size of a composition, irrespective of the particle sizes of its individual constituents, thereby making the composition more suitable for loose filling of mould cavities, for example, by such techniques as sweep filling.
It will be understood that although the method of the invention has been described specifically in relation to a friction lining composition, the method is generally applicable to any composition which includes a soluble binder and can thus be formed into a wet mix using a solvent for the binder.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a particulate composition comprising forming a wet mix of ingredients which includes an unactivated dissolved binder, drying the mixture under conditions such that the binder is not activated thereby and granulating the dried mixture to form a powder.
2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the binder is mixed in the dry state with the other dry ingredients and a solvent for the binder is then added to the mixture, stirring being effected for sufficiently long to ensure that the binder has been entirely dissolved by the solvent, or substantially so.
3. A method according to Claim 1 wherein a liquid containing a solution of the binder is added to a mix of said ingredients.
4. A method according to Claim 3 wherein said mix contains additional binder.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the binder is å resin.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the solvent includes any or all of methanol, acetone and methanol.
7. A method according to Claim 5 wherein the drying step is effected at a temperature below 60"C.
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims applied to a composition for use in the manufacture of friction elements wherein the ingredients include phenolic resin binder and graphite in a ratio of : 60 by percentage volume, alumina and/or silica mineral fillers, copper and/or zinc metal particles, particles of rubber and/orfriction dust and fibres of cotton, carbon and steel either singly or in any combination of such fibres.
9. A method of making a particulate composition substantially as hereinbefore described.
10. A particulate composition produced by carrying out the method of any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08301047A GB2113700A (en) | 1982-01-22 | 1983-01-14 | A method of making a particulate composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8201797 | 1982-01-22 | ||
| GB08301047A GB2113700A (en) | 1982-01-22 | 1983-01-14 | A method of making a particulate composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8301047D0 GB8301047D0 (en) | 1983-02-16 |
| GB2113700A true GB2113700A (en) | 1983-08-10 |
Family
ID=26281781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08301047A Withdrawn GB2113700A (en) | 1982-01-22 | 1983-01-14 | A method of making a particulate composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2113700A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0208326A2 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Friction material |
-
1983
- 1983-01-14 GB GB08301047A patent/GB2113700A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0208326A2 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Friction material |
| EP0208326A3 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1988-12-21 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Friction material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8301047D0 (en) | 1983-02-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2991267A (en) | Coated sand and method of making the same | |
| JP3215432B2 (en) | Uncured abrasive article using water as temporary binder and method for producing abrasive article | |
| JP3914563B2 (en) | Rapidly degradable pigment concentrate | |
| US3632785A (en) | Method of forming shell molds | |
| US2965514A (en) | Process for coating particles with a thermosetting phenolic resin | |
| US2829982A (en) | Process of coating granules with a thermosetting resin | |
| US4203936A (en) | Water slurry process for manufacturing phenolic resin bonded friction materials | |
| JP3173891B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of friction material | |
| US2201321A (en) | Manufacture of abrasive articles | |
| US2620320A (en) | Production of friction material | |
| US4085179A (en) | Process for preparing dry mix brake lining | |
| US2534607A (en) | Molded brake lining | |
| GB2113700A (en) | A method of making a particulate composition | |
| US2807556A (en) | Process for producing dry, free-flowing, thermosetting resin-coated sand granules | |
| US3021566A (en) | Method for the production of bituminous compositions | |
| US4146527A (en) | Method for manufacturing a friction material of the resin mold type | |
| US2084534A (en) | Abrasive article | |
| US3092595A (en) | Method of forming bodies of friction material | |
| US2360645A (en) | Composition and process of preparing same | |
| US2082304A (en) | Manufacture of rubber products | |
| US2580708A (en) | Composition therefor | |
| US3978906A (en) | Process for the rapid production of foundry molds and cores and to a composition for use therein | |
| US1901324A (en) | Abrasive body and method of making the same | |
| US1980227A (en) | Friction facing and composition of matter | |
| JPS58156336A (en) | Manufacture of granular composition |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |