GB2112657A - Distillation apparatus for a chemical purification machine - Google Patents

Distillation apparatus for a chemical purification machine Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2112657A
GB2112657A GB8222578A GB8222578A GB2112657A GB 2112657 A GB2112657 A GB 2112657A GB 8222578 A GB8222578 A GB 8222578A GB 8222578 A GB8222578 A GB 8222578A GB 2112657 A GB2112657 A GB 2112657A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heat
charger
distillation apparatus
medium
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB8222578A
Inventor
Hans Joachim Trott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kombinat Textima VEB
Original Assignee
Kombinat Textima VEB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kombinat Textima VEB filed Critical Kombinat Textima VEB
Publication of GB2112657A publication Critical patent/GB2112657A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a distillation apparatus for distilling especially organic solvents, purification media by evaporation and condensation from in an energy-saving manner. The apparatus comprises an evaporator 22, a pipe 25, a condenser 32, a water separator and a tank, and comprises a heat pump consisting of a turbo-charger which is subjected on the driving turbine side 11 to a driving medium which drives that turbine and thereby the charger or compressor side turbine 12 which compresses a heat carrier medium passed therethrough. The driving medium is used for a further purpose. The compressed medium condenses in condenser 21 while giving up its heat to evaporate a solvent fed into the evaporator 22. The evaporated solvent vapour is condensed in condenser 32 while giving up its heat to evaporate the medium condensed in condenser 21 and passed via an expansion valve 40 to an evaporator 31. The evaporated medium is fed back into the charger/compressor side turbine 12 via a pipe 33, and the cycle repeated. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Distillation device for a chemical purification machine The invention relates to a distillation device for a chemical purification machine, particularly a driving device for a heat pump, designed for the distillation of the purification media used in the said machines, especially organic solvents, in order to separate these purification media by evaporation and condensation from the dissolved and admixed substances in an energy-saving manner and to render them re-usable for the purification process.
It is known that a distillation apparatus of a chemical purification machine mainly consists of an evaporator, a pipe, a cooler, a water separator and a tank. The solvent contaminated in the course of the purification process is evaporated in the evaporator while heat energy is supplied to it. The vapours of the solvent are condensed in the cooler and the distillate is cooled. The pollutant constituents are left behind as residue. The cooler is fed with cooling water. The heat energy required for the evaporation process is transferred to the cooling water and is thus no longer available for the further distillation process. The distillation in a chemical purification machine is therefore a process which consumes a great deal of energy, and a need has long been felt to discover principles by which a greater saving of energy can be obtained.
From Ger. Dem. Rep. Patent 145659 and W. Ger. Unexamd. Specn. 2639604 Heat pumps are known to be used in technical spheres in which it is desired to utilize the heat of natural resources. A heat pump of this kind mainly consists of a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and an expansion apparatus. The compressor is driven by a turbine.
The compressor and the turbine are independent units interconnected by a shaft. The turbine is driven by the aid of gas or steam.
The waste gas or waste steam of the turbine is conveyed to a further heat exchange mounted in series with the heat pump and is utilized from the heat engineering point of view.
A heat pump of this kind operates in temperature ranges of under 60 C and cannot be used for distillation in chemical purification processes.
It may also be assumed that the heat pump compressor is a piston-type compressor of the customary kind, which is unsuitable for the operation of a heat pump at the high temperature occurring in distillation. Finally, the use of a separate driving turbine for the compressor of the heat pump is expensive, besides requiring a great deal of space for its installation.
The purpose of the invention is to enable the heat pump principle to be applied to distillation in a chemical purification machine and thus to save energy.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a driving means for a heat pump for distillation in a chemical purification machine.
The importance of the invention resides in the fact that for a heat pump intended for the distillation of solvents in chemical purification machines and operating with a heat carrier medium having a high boiling point a suitable driving device is provided in order to effect the distillation process in an energy-saving manner.
The known heat pumps operate in a temperature range of under 60 C. The heat carrier media used have a low boiling point, consisting of the known refrigerants.
For the invention, however, the problem arose of how to apply the principle of the heat pump in a completely new sphere, calling for the conversion of heat in a temperature range of over 1 00 C, as in the distillation of liquids, for example. It was found that a distillation process without any appreciable supply of extraneous energy can be carried out with existing heat resources if the condensation heat of the cooler can be returned to the evaporator as evaporation heat. The heat pump principle enables this conversion to be effected. The problem, however, is to find a heat carrier medium suitable for the temperature of over 1 00 C arising in the process and also a driving device suitable for the said medium.One of the heat carrier media envisaged in the invention is steam, which offers considerable advantages from the heat engineering point of view. On the other hand, it is very difficult to use heat in a heat pump circuit with the known compressor units, owing to the temperature and also owing to the fact that no lubrication effect can be introduced. The invention provides a surprising solution to the problem in that the driving device adopted consists of turbo-charger. The turbo-charge is capable of compressing and conveying the steam by means of the charge turbine. Steam has been adopted with advantage as one of the driving media, being utilized kinetically in the turbine and also for further heat engineering purposes.
The invention makes an important contribution to the saving of energy, for the adoption of a turbo-charger as a driving device for heat pumps has opened up a new field of application for the energy-saving heat pump principle.
The invention will be explained below in greater detail by reference to the example provided by the use of a heat pump as a distillation device in a chemical purification machine. The relevant drawing provides a schematic diagram of such a device.
According to the invention the heat pump consists of a driving device 10, two heat exchangers 20, 30, an expansion device 40 and pipes 15, 23, 41, 33, by which they are connected. The turbo-charger 10 consists, in the known manner, of a unit formed by a driving part 11 and a compressor part 12.
The driving part 11 is a radial or axial turbine and has pipe connections, 13, 14 for the driving medium. The driving turbine 11 is connected by a shaft, passing through a wall of the housing, to a compressor turbine or charger turbine. The compressor turbine 12 is connected into the heat pump circuit by pipes 15, 33. The turbo-charger 10 is followed, as viewed in the direction of flow, by the heat exchanger 20, which comprises on the one hand the condenser 21 of the heat pump and on the other hand the evaporator 22 of the distillation device. The heat exchanger 20 is connected, on the heat pump side, via pipes 23, 41, with the expansion valve 40 connected into the said pipes and on the distillation side, via a pipe 25, with the heat exchanger 30. The heat exchanger 30 is the evaporator 31 of the heat pump and at the same time the condenser 32 of the distillation apparatus.The heat pump circuit is completed by the pipe 33 from the heat exchanger 30 to the turbo-charger 10. The heat exchanger 20 is provided, on the distillation side, with a pipe connection 24 for the supply of solvent, while the heat exchanger 30 has a pipe connection 34 for the discharge of distillate.
The device operates as follows: The turbo-charger 10 is subjected on the turbine side, 11, to a driving medium which sets the driving turbine 11 in rotation. The rotation speed is over 10,000 rpm. The driving medium is a liquid or gas at a suitable pressure. The gas may consist of compressed air, heating gas or, in particular, steam. The driving medium enters the driving turbine 11 via the pipe connection 13. In the driving turbine 11 use is made of the power efficiency of the driving medium. After appropriate expansion the driving medium leaves the driving turbine 11 via the pipe connection 14.
The driving medium also has thermal energy, which is likewise utilized. For example, the waste steam of the distillation apparatus is subsequently utilized for further thermal purposes. It is within the scope of the invention, for instance, to use the waste steam for preheating the solvent to be distilled. A further possibility is the direct distillation of the residues of distillate.
With the driving turbine 11 the compressor turbine 12 is at the same time set in rotation.
The compressor turbine 12 is the conveying device of the heat pump. The heat pump operates with a heat carrier medium having a high boiling point, e.g. steam. The compressor turbine 12 is capable of setting the suggested heat carrier medium in circulation without any additional lubrication. The turbo-charger, as a driving device for a heat pump, is a space-saving structure, as the driving part and the compressor part form one unit. The compressor turbine 12 compresses the heat carrier medium The medium is subjected to the compression heat. The medium passes through the pipe 15 to the heat exchanger 20. The heat exchanger 20 is connected on the one hand to the condenser 21 of the heat pump and on the other hand to the evaporator 22 of the distillation apparatus.
In the condesner 21 the heat carrier medium gives off heat to the evaporator 22 of the distillation apparatus, condensing at the same time. As a result the solvent in the evaporator 22 of the distillation apparatus, e.g. tetrachloro-ethene, is evaporated. The solvent vapours pass from the evaporator 22 through the pipe 25 to the condenser 32 of the heat exchanger 20. On the other hand the evaporator 22 is replenished with further solvent via the pipe connection 24. In the zone of the heat pump the heat carrier medium condensed in the condenser 21 is conveyed by the turbo-charger 10 to the expansion valve 20 via the pipe 23. Beyond the expansion valve 40 the expanded heat carrier medium flows through the pipe 42 into the evaporator 31 of the heat exchanger 30.In the evaporator 31 the heat exchanger medium evaporates, absorbing heat in the process, which is taken from the solvent vapour of the condenser 32 of the distillation apparatus. In this useful process the solvent vapours are condensed, after which the distillate leaves the distillation apparatus via the pipe connection 34. On the other hand the heat carrier medium absorbs the condensation heat of the solvent vapours, which said heat, enriched in the heat pump circuit, in the repetition of the cycle, with the compression heat of the turbocharger 10, is conveyed to the condenser 21 and thus to the evaporator 22 of the distillation apparatus, for the purpose of continuing the distillation process. This makes it possible to distil liquids with the heat supplies already available and with only very limited recourse to extraneous energy. The special contribution made by the invention, however, resides in the fact that with the adoption of a turbocharger as a driving device for the heat pump the distillation of liquids with a high boiling point of over 1 00'C can be effected by the heat pump principle in an energy-saving manner.
The invention provides, in one practical embodiment thereof, for the use of a wastegas turbo-charger, such as is used in motor vehicles, as a driving device for the heat pump. If the performance magnitudes, i.e. the throughputs and pressure of the turbine side and charger side of a waste-gas turbo-charger, are not in accordance with the requirements of the heat pump, it is proposed, within the framework of this invention, that the waste gas turbo-charger should be modified accordingly. This can be done, for example, by altering the turbine wheels or by feeding the driving medium into the apparatus through nozzles or by the injection principle. The invention has been explained by reference to the example provided by a distillation apparatus for a chemical purification machine for solvents having a high boiling point, sich as tetrachloro-ethene. It likewise relates to heat pumps for other spheres of application of the same kind.

Claims (10)

1. Distillation apparatus for a chemical purification machine with an evaporator, a pipe, a cooler, a water separator and a tank, characterized by a heat pump pf which the compressor consists of a turbo-charger which is subjected on the turbine side to a driving medium and on the charger side with a heat carrier medium and that the driving medium is used for a further purpose.
2. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the turbo-charger is a waste-gas turbo-charger.
3. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the turbo-charger is a modified waste-gas turbo-charger.
4. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1 and 3, characterized by the fact that the driving medium is liquid or gaseous.
5. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1-4, characterized by the fact that the driving medium consists of steam.
6. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1-5, characterized by the fact that the driving medium is utilized kinetically and thermally.
7. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1-6, characterized by the fact that the waste-gas of the turbo-charger is conveyed to the distillation apparatus.
8. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1 and 3, characterized by the fact that the heat carrier medium consists of a substance of high boiling point.
9. Distillation apparatus in accordance with Claims 1-3, and 8, characterized by the fact that the heat carrier medium consists of steam.
10. This distillation apparatus substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
GB8222578A 1981-10-15 1982-08-05 Distillation apparatus for a chemical purification machine Withdrawn GB2112657A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD23409281A DD206503A3 (en) 1981-10-15 1981-10-15 DISTILLATION DEVICE FOR A CHEMICAL CLEANING MACHINE

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2112657A true GB2112657A (en) 1983-07-27

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GB8222578A Withdrawn GB2112657A (en) 1981-10-15 1982-08-05 Distillation apparatus for a chemical purification machine

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DD (1) DD206503A3 (en)
DE (1) DE3228137A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2514877A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2112657A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2592468A1 (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-07-03 Moureau Georges Exchanger for the concentrating of solutions and various liquids
FR3098571B1 (en) * 2019-07-11 2022-07-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique distillation condenser heat recovery system and associated method

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4186058A (en) * 1976-04-28 1980-01-29 Fogel S J Method and apparatus for high volume distillation of liquids

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Publication number Publication date
FR2514877A1 (en) 1983-04-22
DD206503A3 (en) 1984-01-25
DE3228137A1 (en) 1983-04-28

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