GB2097469A - Igniters for internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Igniters for internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2097469A GB2097469A GB82011309A GB8201309A GB2097469A GB 2097469 A GB2097469 A GB 2097469A GB 82011309 A GB82011309 A GB 82011309A GB 8201309 A GB8201309 A GB 8201309A GB 2097469 A GB2097469 A GB 2097469A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- igniter
- silicon nitride
- insulator
- shell
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A ceramic insulator (17) containing a substantial proportion of silicon nitride is disposed annularly within the shell (13) of the igniter so that spark discharge occurs along a surface of the silicon nitride insulator (17) adjacent the spark gap between a center electrode (14) and a ground electrode (18). An igniter having such a silicon nitride insulator is particularly adapted for service under conditions of severe thermal, mechanical, and electrical stress, in an engine having a high voltage, (e.g., 10,000 volts or more), high energy (e.g., up to 20 joules) ignition system. Use of silicon nitride as an insulating material in such igniters eliminates health hazards associated with toxic beryllium oxide insulators previously used, while producing an insulating surface far more durable than one made of alumina. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
An improved igniter
This invention relates to an igniter of the high energy type for an internal combustion engine. In service, typically in a jet engine, such an igniter is fired by a capacitor discharge ignition system of either the high voltage type or the low voltage type. The spark discharge of high voltage igniters usually occurs along a surface of a dielectric ceramic situated so that it is adjacent a spark gap between a center electrode and a ground electrode. A "high" applied voltage, usually in the range of 10,000 to 30,000 volts, is required for ionization of the spark gap to enable discharge of the igniter.
Igniters for use in low voltage ignition systems, usually in the range of 200 to 5,000 volts, have an electrically semi-conducting surface adjacent a spark gap between a center electrode and a ground electrode. It has been found that, in an igniter with a semi-conducting surface so positioned, the voltage required to cause a spark discharge is reduced, as compared to an igniter where there is an insulator in this position.
In the case of either a high voltage igniter or a low voltage igniter, discharge of a previouslycharged capacitor occurs when there is a spark between the ground and center electrodes. The discharge of the capacitor causes the spark to be of the high energy type, i.e. up to about 20 joules.
Various electrically semiconducting and insulating materials have heretofore been suggested and used adjacent the spark gap of igniters designed for low voltage and high voltage ignition systems, respectively. For example, U.S.
Pat. No. 3,558,959 discloses a low voltage igniter utilizing semi-conductor bodies composed of hotpressed mixtures of alumina and silicon carbide. It has also been suggested that semi-conductors suitable for low voltage applications can be produced by pressing a body from a mixture of silicon carbide and aluminum silicate, embedding the body in silicon carbide particles, and firing (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,376,367 and 3,753,231). Also, U.S. Pat. No.3,968,057 discloses a method for producing an aluminabonded silicon carbide semi-conductor for use in a high energy, low voltage ignition system, and
U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,829 describes an improved silicon carbide semi-conductor having an electrically non-conducting glass bonding phase.
Silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide semiconductor bodies for use in low voltage igniters are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,052,814.
According to this patent, igniters utilizing a silicon carbide semi-conductor body bonded with silicon nitride and better able to withstand the compressive forces, temperature extremes, vibration, and spark erosion effects encountered during operation in a combustion chamber than are igniters using the materials of the prior art.
The use of semi-conductor bodies formed from a nitrided batch of Si and SiC was found to minimize the problems caused by excessive porosity, weakness in compressive strength, low resistance to spark erosion, and chemical change in the combustion chamber (with a resulting change in electrical characteristics), which had been exhibited by the semiconductors of igniters suggested by the prior art.
Methods for producing shaped silicon nitride bodies from silicon metal are disclosed in British
Pat. No. 717,555. The reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) bodies so produced are said to be resistant to heat shock, to have high mechanical strength, and to be highly resistant to oxidation and chemical attack. Also, the dielectric properties of silicon nitride bodies manufactured according to the methods of this patent are described as being similar to those of silica.
The British specification further suggests that silicon nitride bodies might be utilized in many high temperature applications; among these are jet engine combustion chambers, exhaust nozzle linings, rocket combustion chambers and exhaust nozzles, and spark plug bodies.
Although many materials have been suggested for assembly into igniters designed to be operated under conditions of high stress (see, for example,
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,684,665; 2,786,158; 3,344,304; 3,558,959), the prior art, so far as is known, has not suggested the use of silicon nitride, or silicon nitride mixed with other materials, as surfaces of insulators adjacent the spark gap of igniters fired by high voltage, high energy ignition systems. Such igniters are subjected to exceptionally severe thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses in service in jet and other internal combustion engines. Previously known insulators utilized in such igniters have been produced from materials such as alumina and beryllium oxide, both known to produce ceramic bodies which perform satisfactorily as electrical insulators when appropriately situated adjacent the firing end of a high energy igniter.
However, alumina insulators are subject to severe spark erosion and thermal shock degradation in service. Beryllium oxide, Although insulators produced therefrom are considerably more durable and resistant to thermal shock than are ones produced from alumina, is considered toxic to humans and is therefore less desirable for extensive use in the manufacture of igniters.
The present invention is based upon the
discovery that an improved igniter of the high energy type can be produced by properly assembling into such an igniter an insulator body composed of substantially pure silicon nitride or a silicon nitride-based material, and having a surface along which a spark, when discharged, travels between a center and a ground electrode.
It has been found that high energy igniters having appropriately shaped bodies containing a substantial proportion of silicon nitride situated properly within their shells have improved durability under service conditions in such applications as jet engines, where igniters are subjected to severe thermal, mechanical, and electrical stresses. It is believed that the apparent thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of insulator bodies composed of silicon nitride materials not only enable these materials to exhibit greater resistance to spark erosion and thermal shock degradation than insulators made of alumina, but also, unexpectedly, enable such bodies to perform almost as well as insulators composed of beryllium oxide, without the toxicity problems associated with the latter material.
Therefore, the invention provides an improved igniter utilizing silicon nitride, which can be produced without the dangers to human health associated with the manufacture of igniters
containing beryllium oxide.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to
provide an improved high energy igniter for jet
and other internal combustion engines.
It is a further object of this invention to provide
an igniter which includes a ceramic insulator
containing a substantial proportion of silicon
nitride, wherein the insulator is seated annularly
within the shell of the igniter adjacent the firing
end, so that spark discharge between a center
and a ground electrode of the igniter occurs along
the surface of said insulator.
In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross section of a
high voltage igniter assembly according to the
instant invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged, partially schematic, vertical sectional view of a silicon nitride insulator which is disposed within the shell of the igniter assembly of Figure 1, and
Figure 3 is a partially schematic longitudinal cross section showing the firing end of another embodiment of a high voltage igniter assembly according to the invention.
Referring in more detail to Figure 1, a high voltage, high energy igniter, indicated generally at
10, has a firing end 11 and a terminal end 12. The
igniter 10 comprises a metal shell 13, a center
electrode 14 and insulators 1 5, 16 and 17
mounted in an annular space between the shell
13 and the electrode 14. The shell 13 has an
inwardly-directed annular portion 18, at the firing
end 11 of the igniter 10, constituting a ground
electrode. In service, the igniter 10 is releasably
engaged so that the annular portion 18 extends
into the firing chamber of an associated engine
(not shown), and is grounded to the engine
through contact therewith of the shell 13.The
insulator 15, which is an alumina body, is seated
adjacent the terminal end 12 of the igniter 10 so
as to form a cylindrical cavity 19 in which a
contact of an associated ignition system (not
shown) is electrically engageable with a portion of
the center electrode 14 which extends into the
cavity 19. The insulator 16, which is an alumina
body, has a central bore containing the center
electrode 14 and extends axially from the base of
the cavity 1 9 to a tubular portion 20 thereof
terminating at a point short of the firing end 11 of
the igniter 10, and is there disposed between the
insulator 1 7 and the center electrode 14 in an
annular space 21.
The insulator 17, which is a substantially pure silicon nitride body, is seated within the annular space 21 and has a tubular portion 22 which is situated between a portion of the insulator 1 6 and the shell 13 and extends axially toward the terminal end 12 of the igniter 10. The center electrode 14 has a radially-enlarged firing end 23 which is mounted thereon and is disposed within the annular space 21 so that a portion thereof is adjacent the silicon nitride insulator 1 7 at the firing end 11. The silicon nitride insulator 1 7 extends axially from the tubular portion 22 thereof to the firing end 11 of the igniter 10, having a surface 24 adjacent a spark gap between the firing end 23 of the center electrode 14 and the annular ground electrode 18 of the shell 13.
The silicon nitride insulator 1 7 is shown in vertical section to an enlarged scale in Figure 2.
Referring now in more detail to Figure 3, the firing end of a high voltage, high energy igniter according to the invention is indicated generally at 25. The igniter 25 comprises a lower metal shell 26 connected to an upper metal shell 27 by silver solder as indicated at 28, a center electrode 29 having a firing tip 30, and annular insulators 31 and 32. Only a tubular portion of the insulator 31 is shown. The lower shell 26 has an inwardlydirected annular portion 33 constituting a ground electrode. In service, the igniter 25 is releasably engaged so that the annular portion 33 extends into the firing chamber of an associated engine (not shown) and is grounded to the engine through contact therewith of the upper shell 27.
The insulator 31, which is an alumina body, is seated in an annular space 33 between the upper shell 27 and the center electrode 29 and has a central bore in which a portion of the center electrode 29 and a tubular portion 34 of the insulator 32 are disposed. A talc seal 35, to prevent gas leakage, is positioned annularly between the lower shell 26 and the tubular portion 34 of the insulator 32 and fills an area between an outwardly-directed annular flange 36 of the insulator 32 and an inwardly-directed annular flange 37 of the lower shell 26.
The insulator 32, which is substantially pure silicon nitride body, extends axially from the tubular portion 34 thereof to a point short of the annular ground electrode 33 and is there disposed in an annular space 38 between the lower shell 26 and the center electrode 29. A surface 39 of the silicon nitride insulator 32 is adjacent a portion of a radially-decreased segment 40 of the center electrode 29, while a surface 41 thereof is adjacent a spark gap between the firing tip 30 of the center electrode 29 and the annular ground electrode 33 of the lower shell 26.
It will be appreciated that an insulator having, for example, the overall shape of one of the insulators 1 7 and 32 of Figures 1 to 3, can be fabricated of any suitable silicon nitride-based material rather than of substantially pure silicon nitride, and then used adjacent the firing end of an igniter according to the invention so that spark discharge travels along a surface thereof. For example, such an insulator can be fabricated from silicon-aluminum-oxynitrides (SIALONs) or from compositions of silicon nitride or SlALONs and one or more additional constituents added as sintering aids, such as Y203, Ce203, La203, Sc203,
Cr203, MgO, ZnO, NiO, TiO2, SnO2 and SrO2. Such sintering aids are particularly helpful during pressu reless-sintering of SIALONs.However, an igniter according to the present invention includes an insulator in which the proportion of silicon nitride is substantial, i.e. at least 50 percent by weight, and most desirably at least 65 percent by weight.
Only two embodiments of the invention have been described above with reference to the drawings. An igniter according to the invention can also be produced using a two-piece insulator having, for example, the over-all shape of the insulator 1 7 of Figures 1 and 2 and consisting, for example, of a hot-pressed substantially pure silicon nitride, or silicon nitride-based, "button" bonded to an alumina insulator. The surface 24 should be of such silicon nitride materials; the button can be as thin as about 1/8 inch, preferably being at least 3/1 6 inch, and most desirably at least 1/4 inch thick. Silicon nitride materials are unexpectedly resistant to erosion by high energy sparks of the type which occur in the igniter 10 and in similar igniters, such as that illustrated in Figure 3.
The silicon nitride insulator of an igniter according to the invention, whether a complete insulator or a button adhered to an alumina insulator, and, in either case, whether composed substantially of silicon nitride or of silicon nitride mixed with other materials, can be produced by hot-pressing, as indicated above, or by pressureless-sintering or reaction-bonding processes. Hot-pressed silicon nitride insulators are preferred, however, because they have been found generally to exhibit greater resistance to erosion than do such insulators formed by pressureless-sintering or reaction-bonding methods. Accordingly, hot-pressed bodies are particularly suitable for use in igniters which are subjected to severe stresses in service, as, for example, in jet engines. However, where the geometry of an igniter requires machining of an insulator body after fabrication and firing, pressureless-sintering or reaction-bonding is preferred, as these methods provide enhanced machineability fcr the body.
Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto or thereby. It will be apparent that various changes and modifications can be made from the specific disclosure hereof without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. An igniter having a firing end and a terminal end, and comprising a metal shell releasably engageable with an internal combustion engine, said shell having at the firing end of said igniter a surface which is an annular ground electrode, a ceramic insulator seated within said metal shell and having a central bore, a center electrode seated within the central bore of said ceramic insulator and having a firing end in spaced, sparkgap relationship with the annular ground electrode of said shell, and an insulator containing a substantial proportion of silicon nitride seated within said shell and having a surface adjacent the spark gap along with a spark travels when discharged between the firing end of said center electrode and the ground electrode of said shell.
2. An igniter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said silicon nitride insulator and said ceramic insulator have tubular portions which are disposed within an annular space between said metal shell and at least a portion of said center electrode.
3. An igniter as claimed in claim 2 wherein said silicon nitride insulator extends axially from said tubular portion thereof towards the firing end of the igniter to the surface along which the spark discharge occurs.
4. An igniter as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the silicon nitride insulator is a hotpressed ceramic.
5. An igniter as claimed in any of claim 1 to 3 wherein the silicon nitride insulator is a pressureless-sintered ceramic.
6. An igniter as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the silicon nitride insulator is a reactionbonded ceramic.
7. An igniter substantially as described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figs 1 and 2, or Fig. 3, of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25722181A | 1981-04-23 | 1981-04-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2097469A true GB2097469A (en) | 1982-11-03 |
| GB2097469B GB2097469B (en) | 1985-06-26 |
Family
ID=22975369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB82011309A Expired GB2097469B (en) | 1981-04-23 | 1982-01-18 | Igniters for internal combustion engines |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS57180887A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU545056B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE891667A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8202241A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1198331A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH654956A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3149676A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2504745B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2097469B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1149685B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX157006A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8201670A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8107635L (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1987001877A1 (en) * | 1985-09-17 | 1987-03-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Surface-discharge spark plug |
| EP0349183A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-03 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | A spark plug |
| EP0350152A2 (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-10 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | An igniter plug particularly for use with very low temperature liquid fuel |
| US7007653B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-03-07 | Labarge William J | Robust torch jet spark plug electrode |
| US8434292B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-05-07 | State Of Franklin Innovations, Llc | Ceramic-encased hot surface igniter system for jet engines |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0244674A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1990-02-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Spark plug |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB805981A (en) * | ||||
| GB717555A (en) * | 1952-08-07 | 1954-10-27 | Arthur Abbey | Improvements in or relating to shaped silicon nitride bodies and their manufacture |
| US3052814A (en) * | 1959-03-23 | 1962-09-04 | Gen Motors Corp | Method for making silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide semiconductors and resulting bodies and articles using same |
| US3344304A (en) * | 1965-06-23 | 1967-09-26 | Gen Motors Corp | Creepage spark type plug having low voltage igniter seal |
| US3442693A (en) * | 1966-04-15 | 1969-05-06 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Method for making an insulator |
| GB1438503A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1976-06-09 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Spark discharge plugs |
| JPS4940123A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1974-04-15 |
-
1981
- 1981-12-15 DE DE19813149676 patent/DE3149676A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-12-18 SE SE8107635A patent/SE8107635L/en unknown
- 1981-12-21 CA CA000392813A patent/CA1198331A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-24 FR FR8124201A patent/FR2504745B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-30 BE BE0/206970A patent/BE891667A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-01-06 MX MX190877A patent/MX157006A/en unknown
- 1982-01-18 GB GB82011309A patent/GB2097469B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-19 CH CH303/82A patent/CH654956A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-20 AU AU79658/82A patent/AU545056B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-01-28 JP JP57012510A patent/JPS57180887A/en active Pending
- 1982-02-25 IT IT19847/82A patent/IT1149685B/en active
- 1982-04-19 BR BR8202241A patent/BR8202241A/en unknown
- 1982-04-22 NL NL8201670A patent/NL8201670A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1990
- 1990-08-27 JP JP1990089395U patent/JPH0374491U/ja active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1987001877A1 (en) * | 1985-09-17 | 1987-03-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Surface-discharge spark plug |
| EP0349183A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-03 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | A spark plug |
| EP0350152A2 (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-10 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | An igniter plug particularly for use with very low temperature liquid fuel |
| EP0350152A3 (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-10-17 | Ngk Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | An igniter plug particularly for use with very low temperature liquid fuel |
| US7007653B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-03-07 | Labarge William J | Robust torch jet spark plug electrode |
| US8434292B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-05-07 | State Of Franklin Innovations, Llc | Ceramic-encased hot surface igniter system for jet engines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2504745A1 (en) | 1982-10-29 |
| SE8107635L (en) | 1982-10-25 |
| JPS57180887A (en) | 1982-11-08 |
| BE891667A (en) | 1982-04-16 |
| CH654956A5 (en) | 1986-03-14 |
| AU545056B2 (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| BR8202241A (en) | 1983-04-05 |
| GB2097469B (en) | 1985-06-26 |
| NL8201670A (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| AU7965882A (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| FR2504745B1 (en) | 1985-05-31 |
| MX157006A (en) | 1988-10-19 |
| JPH0374491U (en) | 1991-07-26 |
| IT8219847A0 (en) | 1982-02-25 |
| DE3149676A1 (en) | 1982-11-18 |
| CA1198331A (en) | 1985-12-24 |
| IT1149685B (en) | 1986-12-03 |
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