GB2086748A - Aerated concrete - Google Patents
Aerated concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2086748A GB2086748A GB8130414A GB8130414A GB2086748A GB 2086748 A GB2086748 A GB 2086748A GB 8130414 A GB8130414 A GB 8130414A GB 8130414 A GB8130414 A GB 8130414A GB 2086748 A GB2086748 A GB 2086748A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- aerated concrete
- mix
- silicate
- barium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
- B28C5/0881—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing having a stator-rotor system with intermeshing teeth or cages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/38—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions wherein the mixing is effected both by the action of a fluid and by directly-acting driven mechanical means, e.g. stirring means ; Producing cellular concrete
- B28C5/381—Producing cellular concrete
- B28C5/383—Producing cellular concrete comprising stirrers to effect the mixing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
Abstract
A method of producing aerated concrete, that is, concrete in which a gas is entrained, comprises forming a mortar mix, which includes all the components of the concrete except for the gas, pumping the mix, at a predetermined rate, to a blending means 21 comprising a closed chamber and feeding gas under pressure to the blending means 21 via control valves 31 and 51. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION Irnprovements relating to concrete
This invention relates to concrete and in particular to light weight concrete. More particularly this invention relates to light weight concrete in which gas is entrained, such concrete being known as aerated, (if the gas is air), cellular or gas concrete. Reference will be made hereinafter to aerated concrete, but this is intended to refer to concrete having any gas entrained therein.
Hereto aerated concrete has been made on site by mixing together cement, sand and water in a conventional concrete mixer and then adding a quantity of foam made in a foam generator.
The foam comprises water and a smail quantity of foaming agent. Foaming agents which may be used include the following: (a) saponified wood resins;
(b) saponified Vinsol resin;
(c) certain sodium compounds of aliphatic and aromatic sulphates;
(d) certain sulphates of petroleum derivatives;
(e) surfactants;
(f) protein based compounds.
Once the foam has been added to the mortar mix, further mixing produces the aerated concrete.
Aerated concrete is used for insulation where strength is not important and for precast items such as building blocks for single and two-storey buildings where a typical strength of 2.8N/mm2 is considered adequate.
Moisture absorption by aerated concrete is usually high which tends to limit its usefulness in exposed situations. This may to some extent be overcome by applying to the concrete a coating of a more impermeable material.
Aerated concrete made as described above is not particularly homogeneous, particularly with regard to the size and distribution of the entrained gas bubbles. Indeed in most cases the gas bubbles are not discrete but are interconnected. Accordingly, it can be understood that the strength of aerated concrete is not very high and is unreliable and that the material is permeable. Even with the most accurate and consistent batching of materials for the mortar and the careful selection of foaming additive, the resultant aerated concrete is still of poor homogeneity.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for producing aerated concrete comprising forming a mortar mix and then blending together said mix and a gas in predetermined proportions within a substantially closed chamber. The mortar mix includes all the components of the eventual aerated concrete except for the gas. Thus the mortar mix may include, in addition to cement, sand and water, a foaming agent such as one of the agents referred to above.
Preferably the mortar mix is fed, more preferably pumped, to blending means, said blending means having connection means for feeding gas under pressure to said blending means. The blending means includes said substantially closed chamber. Preferably the blending means comprises a plurality of chambers, said chambers being arranged coaxially and for sequential flow of the mortar mix therethrough. Gas is fed under pressure to one or more of said coaxial chambers. The rates at which the mortar and the gas are fed to the chambers can be controlled to ensure that the mortar/gas ratio in the resultant aerated concrete is precisely as desired.
Preferably each of the chambers is occupied by a rotary mixer which occupies substantially the entire space defined by the chamber, each mixer being substantially disc shaped but being provided with projections extending out of the plane of the disc on both sides thereof, said projections lying within recesses between projections extending from the walls of the chambers.
On rotation of the mixers the projections thereon pass between the projections on the walls of the chambers and this arrangement ensures efficient blending of the mortar mix with the gas fed under pressure to the chambers. Such blending means are similar to those described in U.K.
Patent Specification No. 1,390,180.
The aerated mortar formed in the above-described blending means is discharged from the blending means via a pipeline to the point at which delivery is required. It may, for instance be sprayed directly onto a surface to build up a wall or fed into a mould to form, for instance, a building block.
It is found that aerated concrete made by a method of the present invention is highly homogeneous in the sense that the gas bubbles are discrete, are of a uniform size and are uniformly spread throughout the aerated concrete. Furthermore, by the careful control of the rate of pumping of the mortar mix and the gas flow to the blending means, concrete of known density can be produced with no short term or long term variations.
Preferably the sand used to form the mortar mix should be a find sand with rounded particles.
Sands with irregular or angular grain shapes are not preferred and there may be difficulties in
pumping.
The preferred grade of sand to be used will depend on the type of sand and the following is
intended only as a rough guide to preferred grading details. In practice, preliminary trials should
be carried out including compression testing of samples of aerated concrete before using the material for structural purposes.
% of sand sample passing through sieve
B.S. test essential sieve size requirement preferred most preferred
5 mm 100 100 100
3.35 mm 100-99.5 100 100 2.36 mm 100-99.0 100-95.5 100
1.18 mm 100-99.0 100-95.0 100-97.0 600 mm 90-50 85-60 80-70 300 m 60-10 40-15 30-20
150 m 30-0 30-0 25-2 20-5
The cement is preferably fresh ordinary Portland cement. Aged cement in which lumps of hardened material are found should preferably not be used.
For structural grades of aerated concrete a sand/cement ratio of 3.5:1, or proportions with smaller amounts of sand, should be used. Aerated concrete for non-load bearing use, such as for insulation purposes, can be formed with leaner mixes. However, the careful selection of the sand is then even more important since a high cement content improves the "pumpability" of the mixture.
Pulverised fuel ash may be included in the fine aggregate of low strength mixes. It is desirable to reduce the water/cement ratio as far as possible consistent with the attainment of a workable mix. However, the exclusion of coarse aggregate means that the total surface area is relatively high and, therefore, the mix requires a relatively large amount of water. Ratios of water/cement of around 0.6 and above are commonly found necessary but it is desirable to carry out test mixes to ascertain quantities to be used in practice.
The amount of foaming agent used depends on the particular foaming agent employed.
Typically an amount of foaming agent of 0.5% to 2% based on the water content is used. The smaller the amount of foaming agent used the "wetter" the mix and the higher the density of the resultant aerated concrete.
The amount of gas to be fed to the blending means depends on the required use of the aerated concrete. For instance, an amount of between 10 and 40% by volume based on the volume of the resultant aerated concrete produces a product in the "structural range", that is to say with compressive strengths of from 1 5N/mm2 to 35N/mm2.
In order properly to control the injection of gas into the blending means, it is important to take into account the pressure within the system at the point of injection. Accurate batching of the ingredients in the mortar mix, a thorough mixing and a constgant pumping speed of the blending means will not in themselves produce the desired uniformly consistent aerated concrete if there is a variation of the gas pressure to the blending means. Preferably a pressure gauge is located near to the point of gas injection so that the gas pressure at this point may be monitored. The equipment for metering the gas to the blending means must be capable of volumetric measurements over a pressure range which must be compatible with the actual pressure in the system.Where the blending means are large, it may be preferable to incorporate multiple gas entry points to avoid problems caused by premature drying out of the mortar means due to excess gas being fed through only a single air inlet.
Preferably the gas is air, carbon dioxide or a mixture of air and carbon dioxide. Although the use of air is more convenient for the majority of purposes, the addition of carbon dioxide gives advantages under certain circumstances. For instance, CO2 entrained concrete has a higher capacity for absorption of radiation. It would therefore be advantageous to use CO2 entrained concrete rather than air aerated concrete in the case where radiation screening is required. In addition, CO2 entrained concrete may be more resistant to acids than ordinary concrete, and may be useful in applications where acid resistance is important, for instance, to line the interior of pipes along which acidic material is conveyed.
In a second aspect the present invention provides a composition for forming aerated concrete comprising sand, cement, foaming agent and a silicate which co-acts with the other components of the mix to produce an aerated concrete with an increased compressive strength.
Preferably the composition of the second aspect of the present invention is used to produce aerated concrete by a method according to the first aspect of the present invention, that is to say, blending together the composition and air in predetermined portions within a substantially closed chamber.
Preferably the silicate is an active silicate of magnesium, calcium, barium and/or aluminium prepared by precipitation from water glass with a salt of the appropriate metal and, optionally, a mineral acid, and having a specific surface area in excess of 15m2/gm as measured by the BET method. More preferably the silicate is an active silicate which is colloidal and in the form of a hydrogel or a xerogel.
Preferably the silicate is a material or composition known as SM407 which is a pure inorganic soluble silicate supplied in powder form and which may be easily incorporated into the basic mortar mix.
The amount used is preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 4% based on the weight of the cement. The preferred range is 2 to 2.5% by weight. Increased amounts are preferably used when the concrete is being formed from contaminated sands such as sea sand with a high salt content or when the concrete is for use in an aggressive" environment. Reduced amounts may be used for concrete of lower strength or with stable sands of optiumum grading.
It is found that when aerated concrete is made from mortar mixes including such silicates, particularly when the foaming additive is selected so as to produce a closed cell microstructure, the resultant aerated concrete has improve strength, impermeability and resistance to chemical degradation.
Preferred compositions and/or methods in accordance with either aspect of the present invention may make use of one or more barium compounds to improve the quality of the aerated concrete. Barium compounds may be added in amounts of between 0.05% and 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the cement.
Preferably the barium compound is a sparingly soluble barium compound, for instance, barium oxalate, barium fluoride or barium silicate hydrate having a BaO:SiO2 mole ratio of 0.5:1.2:1.
The amount of such barium compounds used depends on the nature of the other components of the mortar mix and the desired gain in strength, impermeability and resistance to chemical degradation.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic representation of apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
Referring to the accompanying drawing apparatus indicated generally by 1, in accordance with the present invention, comprises mixing chamber 11. Pipelines 3, 5 and 7 supply cement, sand and water, respectively, to the chamber 11. An agitator 13, driven by a motor 15, mixes the sand, cement and water to form a mortar mix. If desired, additional components such as a foaming agent can be included in the mix by means of supply pipeline 8.
The mortar mix is removed from the mixing chamber 11 along exit pipeline 1 7 by a pump 1 9. The mix is then fed into blending means 21. The mix flows into a first substantially closed chamber 25. The chamber 25 is substantially filled by a rotary mixer 29. Mixer 29 comprises a substantially disc shaped member 31, provided with triangular projections 33 extending out of the plane of the disc 31 on both sides thereof. The projections 33 are interleaved with similar projections 34 extending from the walls of the chamber 25. In use, the mixer 29 rotates about a shaft 27 driven by a motor 61. The drive shaft 27 is aligned substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the disc 31. The rotation of the mixer 29 causes efficient blending of the mortar mix with air fed under pressure into the chamber 25 at inlet 35.
In use the mortar mix is forced radially round the mixer 29 and blended with the air. It then flows along a passage 28 lying parallel to the drive shaft 21 into a second substantially closed chamber 45. The chamber 45 is substantially filled by a rotary mixer 47 similar to the mixer 29 in the first chamber 25, and mounted on the same drive shaft 21.
In the second chamber 45, the mortar mix is again blended with air fed under pressure via inlet 49 into the chamber 47.
From the chamber 47, the aerated mix is fed along an outlet pipe 55 which is joined to a flexible tube 57. The tube 57 is equipped with a nozzle 59, by means of which the aerated mix can be directly sprayed onto, for instance, a wall of a building.
It is possible to control the proportion in which the mortar and air are blended by altering the rate at which the pump 1 9 feeds the mortar mix to the blending means, and/or by changing the pressure of the air from a compressor 43 along a pipeline 41 to the inlets 35 and 49. To this end, valves 37 and 51 are provided near the inlets to control the pressure, which can be monitored by means of pressure gauges 39 and 53.
All of the components of apparatus in accordanc with the present invention may be of any suitable material.
Claims (24)
1. A method for producing aerated concrete comprising producing a mortar mix and then blending together said mix and a gas in predetermined proportions within a substantially closed chamber, said mortar mix including all the components of the eventual aerated concrete except for the gas.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said mortar mix is pumped to said blending means.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein said blending means comprises a plurality of chambers, said chambers being arranged coaxially and for sequential flow of the mortar mix therethrough.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein gas is fed under pressure to one or more of said coaxial chambers.
5. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein a gas passes to said chamber through monitoring means and control means whereby the pressure of the gas supply to said closed chamber may be regulated.
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims in which said mortar mix and said gas are blended by means of a rotary mixer occupying substantially the entire space defined by the or each chamber, each mixer being substantially disc shaped but being provided with projections extending out of the plane of the disc on both sides thereof, said projections lying within recesses between projections extending from the walls of the or each chamber, such that on rotation of the mixers the projections thereon pass between the projections on the walls of the chambers thereby ensuring efficient blending of the mortar mix with the gas fed under pressure to the or each chamber.
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims in which the resultant aerated concrete is led from said blending means via a pipeline to a point at which delivery is required.
8. A method according to any of the preceding claims in which said mortar mix includes a fine sand with rounded particles and fresh ordinary Portland cement.
9. A method according to any of the preceding claims in which said mortar mix includes a foaming agent.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the amount of said foaming agent is between 0.5% and 2% of the water content of the mortar.
11. A method according to any of the preceding claims in which said gas is air, carbon dioxide, or a combination of air and carbon dioxide.
1 2. A composition for forming aerated concrete comprising sand, cement, a foaming agent and a silicate which coacts with the other components of the mix to produce an aerated concrete with an increased compressive strength.
1 3. A composition according to claim 1 2 in which the silicate is an active silicate of magnesium, calcium, barium and/or aluminium prepared by precipitation from waterglass with a salt of the appropriate metal and having a specific surface area in excess of 15m sq per gram as measured by the BET method.
14. A composition according to claim 13 in which the silicate is an active siicate which colloidal and in the form of hydrogel or a xerogel.
1 5. A composition according to any of claims 1 2 to 14 wherein the amount of silicate is the range of from 0.5% to 4% of the weight of cement.
16. A composition according to claim 15 in which the silicate is from 2% to 2.5% of the weight of cement.
1 7. A composition according to any of claims 1 2 to 15 in which barium compound is included.
18. A composition according to claim 1 7 in which the barium compound is a sparingly soluble barium compound.
1 9. A composition according to claim 18 in which the barium compound is barium oxalate, barium fluoride or barium silicate hydrate having a BaO:SiO2 mole ration of 0.5:1.2:1.
20. A composition in accordance with any of the preceding claims in which the barium compound is added in amounts from 0.05% and 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the cement.
21. A method according to claim 1 and substantially as herein described.
22. A method of producing aerated concrete substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
23. A composition according to claim 1 2 substantially as herein described.
24. A composition for forming aerated concrete substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanyinp drawinq.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8130414A GB2086748B (en) | 1980-10-11 | 1981-10-08 | Aerated concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8032915 | 1980-10-11 | ||
GB8130414A GB2086748B (en) | 1980-10-11 | 1981-10-08 | Aerated concrete |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2086748A true GB2086748A (en) | 1982-05-19 |
GB2086748B GB2086748B (en) | 1985-07-31 |
Family
ID=26277192
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8130414A Expired GB2086748B (en) | 1980-10-11 | 1981-10-08 | Aerated concrete |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2086748B (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0193988A1 (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-09-10 | Voorbij Groep B.V. | Method for the preparation of a setting foam material containing plastic-material granules |
GB2207365A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1989-02-01 | Fosroc International Ltd | A method and apparatus for producing an aerated cementitious composition |
GB2211433A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-07-05 | Balfour Mfg | Mixing method and apparatus |
FR2666271A1 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-03-06 | Hutt Rene | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FOAM BASED BINDER. |
FR2684325A1 (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-04 | Cooper Christopher | Process for the production and use of a curable (settable) cellular material, material produced according to the process, and use for filling trenches (ditches) |
US5232496A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1993-08-03 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Process for producing improved building material and product thereof |
GB2275875A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-09-14 | Bpb Industries Plc | Mixer |
US5356579A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1994-10-18 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Methods of manufacture and use for low density hydraulically bonded cement compositions |
US5393341A (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1995-02-28 | Rume Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method and apparatus for the production of structural foam, particularly cement foam |
WO1998042637A1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-01 | Charles Ladislav Kovacs | Aerated, lightweight building products |
EP1086793A1 (en) * | 1999-09-23 | 2001-03-28 | ispo GmbH | Method and device for producing materials containing gas bubbles |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5545450A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1996-08-13 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Molded articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5631097A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1997-05-20 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Laminate insulation barriers having a cementitious structural matrix and methods for their manufacture |
US5506046A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1996-04-09 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5928741A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1999-07-27 | E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc | Laminated articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5830305A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1998-11-03 | E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc | Methods of molding articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5453310A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1995-09-26 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Cementitious materials for use in packaging containers and their methods of manufacture |
US5830548A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1998-11-03 | E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc | Articles of manufacture and methods for manufacturing laminate structures including inorganically filled sheets |
US5665439A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1997-09-09 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Articles of manufacture fashioned from hydraulically settable sheets |
US5580409A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1996-12-03 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Methods for manufacturing articles of manufacture from hydraulically settable sheets |
US5508072A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1996-04-16 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5582670A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1996-12-10 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Methods for the manufacture of sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5720913A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1998-02-24 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Methods for manufacturing sheets from hydraulically settable compositions |
US5660903A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1997-08-26 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5800647A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1998-09-01 | E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc | Methods for manufacturing articles from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5658603A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1997-08-19 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Systems for molding articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
CA2137347A1 (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1994-03-03 | Per Just Andersen | Hydraulically settable containers |
US5641584A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1997-06-24 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Highly insulative cementitious matrices and methods for their manufacture |
DK169728B1 (en) | 1993-02-02 | 1995-01-23 | Stein Gaasland | Process for releasing cellulose-based fibers from each other in water and molding for plastic molding of cellulosic fiber products |
US5543186A (en) | 1993-02-17 | 1996-08-06 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Sealable liquid-tight, thin-walled containers made from hydraulically settable materials |
US5738921A (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1998-04-14 | E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc | Compositions and methods for manufacturing sealable, liquid-tight containers comprising an inorganically filled matrix |
-
1981
- 1981-10-08 GB GB8130414A patent/GB2086748B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0193988A1 (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-09-10 | Voorbij Groep B.V. | Method for the preparation of a setting foam material containing plastic-material granules |
US4735755A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1988-04-05 | Vorbij's Beton B.V. | Method for the preparation of a setting foam material containing plastic-material granules |
GB2207365A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1989-02-01 | Fosroc International Ltd | A method and apparatus for producing an aerated cementitious composition |
GB2207365B (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1991-09-04 | Fosroc International Ltd | A method and apparatus for producing an aerated cementitious composition |
GB2211433A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-07-05 | Balfour Mfg | Mixing method and apparatus |
GB2211433B (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1991-10-16 | Balfour Mfg | Mixing method |
US5232496A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1993-08-03 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Process for producing improved building material and product thereof |
FR2666271A1 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-03-06 | Hutt Rene | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FOAM BASED BINDER. |
US5356579A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1994-10-18 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Methods of manufacture and use for low density hydraulically bonded cement compositions |
US5635292A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1997-06-03 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Compressed low density hydraulically bonded composite articles |
US5393341A (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1995-02-28 | Rume Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method and apparatus for the production of structural foam, particularly cement foam |
FR2684325A1 (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-04 | Cooper Christopher | Process for the production and use of a curable (settable) cellular material, material produced according to the process, and use for filling trenches (ditches) |
GB2275875A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-09-14 | Bpb Industries Plc | Mixer |
US5484200A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1996-01-16 | Bpb Industries Public Limited Company | Mixer |
US5575844A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1996-11-19 | Bpb Industries Public Limited Company | Method of preparing gypsum products |
GB2275875B (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1997-02-05 | Bpb Industries Plc | Improved mixer and method for preparing gypsum products |
WO1998042637A1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-01 | Charles Ladislav Kovacs | Aerated, lightweight building products |
EP1086793A1 (en) * | 1999-09-23 | 2001-03-28 | ispo GmbH | Method and device for producing materials containing gas bubbles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2086748B (en) | 1985-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4383862A (en) | Concrete | |
GB2086748A (en) | Aerated concrete | |
CN102753498B (en) | New foamed concrete | |
JP4949704B2 (en) | Cement mortar continuous mixing spraying system and spraying method using the same | |
CA2941863C (en) | Low-density high-strength concrete and related methods | |
US20220162129A1 (en) | Systems and methods of sequestering carbon dioxide in concrete | |
CN108430946A (en) | Ultralight mineral froth | |
US20090075073A1 (en) | Light weight concrete product containing synthetic fibers | |
US2887275A (en) | Apparatus for producing aerated cementitious material | |
JP3638578B2 (en) | Frozen ground injection material and manufacturing / injection method thereof | |
Karl et al. | Foamed concrete—mixing and workability | |
US3729328A (en) | Cellular foamed material and method for the manufacture thereof | |
US3326535A (en) | Methods and equipment for preparing mortar or concrete | |
Yun et al. | Influence of colloidal silica and silica fume on the rheology and mechanical properties of high-performance shotcrete | |
US4190373A (en) | Method and apparatus for mixing pulverulent drying substances and/or fluent media with one or more liquids | |
US3912838A (en) | Pneumatic application of lightweight cementitious compositions | |
KR20000052017A (en) | Method and structure of manufacturing a cellular concrete using a powdered forming agent | |
GB2098264A (en) | Method and apparatus for applying mortar or concrete | |
WO2002044100A2 (en) | Cement-containing compositions and method of use | |
JPS588330B2 (en) | Continuous mixing method and device | |
JP4581617B2 (en) | Mixer device and method for producing kneaded material | |
US3565647A (en) | Method for the manufacture of cellular foamed material | |
Chapirom et al. | Effect of speed rotation on the compressive strength of horizontal mixer for cellular lightweight concrete | |
KR100187431B1 (en) | Mortar composition and manufacturing method thereof | |
RU2109557C1 (en) | Mixer-porogenerator |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |