GB2084278A - A grouting capsule for rock bolts - Google Patents
A grouting capsule for rock bolts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2084278A GB2084278A GB8116194A GB8116194A GB2084278A GB 2084278 A GB2084278 A GB 2084278A GB 8116194 A GB8116194 A GB 8116194A GB 8116194 A GB8116194 A GB 8116194A GB 2084278 A GB2084278 A GB 2084278A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- casing
- flexible
- drillhole
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- PGRNEGLBSNLPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dichloro-3-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound ClC=CC(C)CCCCl PGRNEGLBSNLPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-triene-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1(C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=C)O1)C=C2)=O LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002654 heat shrinkable material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018984 mastication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010077 mastication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
- F16B13/144—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components characterised by the shape or configuration or material of the frangible cartridges or capsules
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
- E21D20/026—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
- F16B13/145—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components characterised by the composition of the setting agents contained in the frangible cartridges or capsules
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
A capsule of hardenable grouting adhesive material has a casing which, over a length of at least 1.0 times the diameter at a leading end of the casing, is sufficiently strong to prevent excessive distortion of the capsule when the capsule is projected into a drill hole at a velocity of 7 to 12 metres per second, and has at least one radially expansible portion 14, 15 extending over a length of at least 0.6 times the casing diameter which is expanded radially into engagement with the drillhole wall when the capsule is projected into the drill hole. The preferred capsule casing comprises a continuous tube 10 of flexible material e.g., plastics material, partially reinforced by three spaced sections 13 of an adhered external layer of reinforcing material e.g. paper or plastics sheet. Loading of capsules into drillholes in mine roofs by projection from a remotely controlled pneumatic loading machine is facilitated and the loaded capsules are prevented from falling out the drillholes. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Grouting capsule
This invention relates to a capsule of hardenable adhesive grouting material of the kind used for securing reinforcing elements in drillholes in rock formations. The invention also includes a method of constructing the said capsule and a method of securing an anchor bolt in a drillhole by means of the said capsule.
The use of encapsulated hardenable grouting material for securing reinforcing elements in drillholes in rock formations in order to stabilise or reinforce the rock formation is well known and widely practised, for example, for securing reinforcing bolts in mine roofs. The hardenable compositions are generally based on hardenable resin or a water-settable material such as hydraulic cement or gypsum plaster. The composition is often supplied in the form of two fluent pasty components in separate compartments of a frangible capsule usually of plastics film, which is inserted in a drillhole and ruptured by rotating or vibrating the reinforcing element as the element is inserted into the drillhole, whereupon the two components are mixed and the mixture rapidly sets as a hard grout around the reinforcing element.The general procedure for the use of encapsulated grouting compositions for this purpose has been described in United Kingdom
Patent Application numbers 953,056, 998,240, 1,408,366 and 1 ,524,469.
In the initial techniques of employing encapsulated grouting compositions the capsules were inserted into the drillholes by hand and in mine roof supporting operations this involved the operator's presence in the hazardous position under the area of mine roof which required the support of the reinforcing elements. In the interests of the operator's safety, machinery has been developed for remote placement of the capsules and supporting elements which enable the operator to work from a safe position several metres distant from the unsupported mine roof which is being stabilised. In the current method the capsules are inserted into a pneumatic breech mechanism and projected by air pressure along a tube and upwardly into the drillhole. The reinforcing element is then inserted into the drillhole also by a machine controlled from a remote safe position.
The projection tube is necessarily only 1 to 2 millimetres wider than the capsules in diameter and the projection velocity is approximately 10 to 1? metres per second. Conventional capsules which have an outer casing of thin frangible plastics film, typically about 30 u thick containing a hardenable composition having a viscosity of about 500,000 centipoises, are unable to withstand the distortion caused by projection at such velocity and frequently rupture or stick in the projection tube or drillhole with consequent waste of time and materials. Hitherto the frangible capsules have been protected from such damage by surrounding them with a tubular net of
synthetic plastics material such as polyethylene,
polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride.This net has the
disadvantage that it prevents the radial expansion
of the capsule when it is driven into the drillhole
and the capsule therefore fails to engage the
drillhole wall and tends to drop out of the drillhole.
In order to retain the capsule in the drillhole a
retainer element usually in the form of a flat star
shaped tough plastics disc is fixed to one end of
the capsule. The provision of the net and retainer
thus involves the introduction of a significant
amount of plastics material into the drillhole and
this material can weaken the strength of the set
adhesive grout. In addition the net and retainer
add considerably to the cost of the mc reinforcement operation.
It is an object of this invention to provide an
improved capsule of grouting material which can
be projected by air pressure into a drillhole and be
retained in the drillhole by engagement of the
capsule casing with the drilihole wall.
In accordance with this invention the capsule
contains hardenable grouting material within an
elongate frangible casing which casing, over a
length of at least 1.0 times the diameter of the
casing at a leading end and preferably at each end
of the casing, consists of a material of sufficient
strength such that, when the capsule is projected
with the said leading end forward through a
projection tube into a drillhole at a velocity of 12
metres per second, distortion or damage of the
capsule which could impede the said projection is
prevented, said casing also having at least one
flexible radially expansible portion extending over a
length of at least 0.6 and preferably 1.0 to 4.0
times the diameter of the casing, which flexible
portion is expanded radially into engagement with the drillhole wall on impact of the capsule with the
blind end of the drillhole when the capsule is
projected into a drillhole at a velocity in the range from 7 to 12 metres per second. The flexible
portion or portions preferably includes an
intermediate portion of the capsule casing which
intermediate portion preferably extends to a position within a distance of 5 times the diameter of the casing from the leading end of the casing.
Each flexible portion should preferably be capable of expansion to 1.5 times its original diameter on impact without lateral confinement at 7 metres per second against a hard stationary surface.
The preferred capsule comprises a continuous tube of flexible frangible material, strengthened by the application of frangible reinforcing material along a portion of its surface, the flexible portion of the casing being provided by the non-reinforced portion of the flexible material. The reinforcing material may be applied to the flexible tube before filling the tube with the grouting composition but it is in most cases more convenient to apply it to the filled tube. In this latter case a frangible flexible tube containing the fluent hardenable grouting material and appropriate hardener has at least one layer of reinforcing material applied over a portion of its outer surface. The reinforcing layer may be adhered to the surface by a separate layer of adhesive material or it may be provided in the form of a self-adhesive material.Alternatively the
reinforcement may be provided in the form of heat-shrinkable material which is loosely applied around the filled tube and tightly shrunk into position by controlled heating.
The reinforcement may conveniently be applied in the form of tape or tubular sleeve around the flexible tube. In the latter case the sleeve may advantageously extend beyond one end of the flexible tube, preferably the end which is the trailing end as the tube is projected into a drillhole,
and be closed by flattening and folding the end to provide a transverse stiffened portion which engages the drillhole walls when the capsule is in position in a drillhole thereby providing additionai capsule retaining means. Additional stiffening of the sleeve end-closure may be provided by enclosing a transverse strip of resilient material, for example tough plastics material, in the folds of the sleeve end-closure.
Convenient reinforcing materials include sheeted wrapping materials for example, paper, parchment, cellulose fabric and synthetic plastics film which may advantageously be in the form of self adhesive tape. Plastics film may also advantageously be in the form of heat-shrunk or cling-wrap film. Fibre reinforced sheet materials, such as, for example, paper tissue, reinforced by a fibre, for example, carbon fibre are also advantageous. The reinforcement must be sufficiently strong to provide the required protection against capsule distortion but must not be of such excessive strength and quantity as to prevent its mastication by the rotation of the rock reinforcement element as the element is inserted in the drillhole.
The flexible radially expansible portion of the capsule casing, and in particular the flexible frangible tubular casing of the preferred capsule, preferably comprises synthetic plastics film, for example, film of cellulose or cellulose acetate, a polymer or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or ethylene terephthalate. The tubular casing is preferably closed at each end by gathering and binding with a compression closure member such as a metal clip as described in United Kingdom Patent
Specification No. 1,297,554. Capsules containing both components of a two-component hardening composition may conveniently contain one of the components in a separate frangible flexible tube enclosed within the said frangible casing.If desired, the reinforcing materials may incorporate additives to modify the properties of the hardenable grouting material or the capsule surface. Such additives may include hardeners, accelerators, inhibitors, emulsifying agent, thixotropic agents or wetting agents for the grouting composition or lubricants to facilitate the passage of the capsule through the projection tube and drillhole.
Further in accordance with the invention, a capsule of hardenable grouting material is prepared by applying to a portion of the outer surface of a frangible flexible tubular casing containing hardenable grouting material at least one layer of reinforcing material extending over a length of at least 1.0 times the diameter of the casing at least at a leading end and preferably at each end of the casing, said reinforcing material being of sufficient strength such that when the capsule is projected through a projection tube into a drillhole at a velocity of 12 metres per second with the said leading end forward distortion or damage of the capsule which could impede the said projection is prevented, and leaving without reinforcement at least one portion of the flexible tubular casing extending over a length of at least 0.6 and preferably 1.0 to 4.0 times the diameter of the casing, whereby when the capsule is projected into a drillhole at a velocity in the range of 7 to 12 metres per second, the non-reinforced portion of the flexible casing is expanded radially into engagement with the drillhole wall on impact of the capsule with the blind end of the drillhole.
The invention also includes a method of securing a reinforcing element such as an anchor bolt in an oversize drillhole in a rock formation in which method a capsule of the invention is projected into the drillhole at a velocity sufficient to expand the flexible expansible portion of the capsule into engagement with the drillhole wall and the reinforcing element is inserted into the drillhole in a rotational or vibratory manner whereby the capsule is ruptured and the grouting composition subsequently hardens around the reinforcing element in the drillhole. The capsule is advantageously projected by air pressure through a projection tube into a drillhole which may be remote from the capsule loading operator.
The invention is further illustrated by the embodiments which are hereinafter described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein
Fig. 1 shows diagramatically a side view of a capsule before projection into a drillhole;
Fig. 2 shows diagramatically the capsule of
Fig. 1 after projection with air pressure into a drillhole; Fig. 3 shows diagramatically a side view of a further capsule of the invention;
Fig. 4 is an end view of the capsule of Fig. 3 after projection into a drillhole; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side view of the end of the capsule of Fig. 3 in a direction perpendicular to
Fig. 3.
The capsule shown in Fig. 1 is a symmetrical reversible capsule having a flexible tubular casing 10 of seamless plastics tubing gathered and sealed at each end with a metal closure clip 11.
The casing 10 contains one component of a twocomponent hardenabie grouting composition. A second tubular casing 12 containing the second component of the two-component grouting composition is totally enclosed within the casing 10 and its ends extend through and are closed by the metal clips 11. A layer of reinforcing material 1 3 is wrapped in three sections around the ends and centre of the outside of the casing 1 0 leaving portions 14 and 1 5 of the casing 10 uncovered.
When the capsule is projected against the blind end of a drillhole 16, in a rock mass 1 7, as shown in Fig. 2 the portions 14 and 15 are expanded radially into engagement with the drillhole wall.
The capsule can thereby be retained securely in position in vertical drillholes in mine roofs.
The capsule shown in Fig. 3 also comprises a flexible tubular casing 10 containing hardenable grouting composition as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 but in this case one section of reinforcing material
18 is wrapped around one end of the capsule as in
Fig. 1 and a second section of reinforcing material
19 extends beyond the other end of the casing 10 and is closed at that end by flattening and folding the end portion 20 around a resilient strip of plastics material 21. The strip 21 is slightly longer than the diameter of the drillhole in which the capsule is to be inserted and when the capsule is projected into a drillhole the strip 21 is bowed and thereby urged into frictional engagement with the drillhole wall to improve retention of the capsule in an upwardly directed drillhole.A portion 14 of the flexible casing remains uncovered as in the capsule of Fig. 1 and this portion is similarly expanded into engagement with the drillhole wall when the capsule is projected by air pressure into a drillhole.
The following Examples illustrate further the practice of the invention:
EXAMPLE 1
450 grams of hardenable resin composition containing 100 parts unsaturated polyester resin,
180 parts of ground dolomite, 5 parts of bentonite and having a viscosity of 500,000 centipoises (measured by Brookfield RVT viscometer spindle 6 at 0.5 r.p.m.) were packed in a flexible casing 10 of polyethylene terephthalate 34 cm long, 30 cm diameter and a 0.03 mm wail thickness and
having bursting strength of 575 kN/m2 (average).
The casing 10 enclosed a second casing 12 of
polyethylene terephthalate 34 cm long, 1 8 mm diameter having a 0.03 mm wall thickness and containing 30 grams of hardener composition containing benzoyl peroxide for hardening the
hardenable resin.
'Scotch' (Registered Trade Mark) self adhesive paper tape 15 cm in length, 0.1 65 mm thick, weighing 120 g/m2 and having bursting strength of 300 kN/m2 (average) was wrapped circumferentially as a single layer around the centre portion of the casting 10 and overlapped to
10 mm at the edges. Two further separate portions of the same tape each 6 mm in length were wrapped circumferentially as a single layer around the end portions of casing 10, overlapped to 10 mm at the edges and closed over the ends to'leave two uncovered portions 14 and 1 5 each about 4 cm long.
The capsule was projected into an overhead drillhole 35 mm in diameter from a smooth bore plastic projection tube having an internal diameter of 32 mm at a velocity of 10 metres per second.
The end portions 14 and 1 5 were expanded into firm engagement with the drillhole wall and the capsule was retained firmly in position at the blind end of the drillhole without any tendency to fall out. The capsule was ruptured and the resin and
hardener compositions were mixed by an anchor bolt as the bolt was rotatably inserted into the drillhole. The bolt was anchored in a satisfactory
manner in the drillhole by the subsequent setting
of the resin (after 30 seconds) around the end of the bolt.
EXAMPLE 2
The capsule of this Example was constructed as shown in Fig. 3. 350 grams of component A and 30 grams of component B of a two-component grouting composition were contained respectively in polyethylene flexible casings 10 and 12 which were of the same dimensions and about the same strength as the casings 10 and 12 of Example 1.
Component A contained 260 parts of Plaster of
Paris, 100 parts of a 0.01% w.w. aqueous solution of hydroxy-propylmethyl cellulose (HP MC) and 2 parts of a 40% w.w. aqueous solution of the sodium salt of an equimolar copolymer of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate having a viscosity of 3000 to 5000 centipoises. The viscosity of
Component A was 1,100,000 centipoises as
measured by Brookfield RVT viscometer with
spindle 6 at 0.5 r.p.m. Component B contained 5
parts of aluminium sulphate hydrate, 13 parts china clay, 13 parts of the HPMC solution as used in Component A and 0.05 parts of the solution of copolymer as used in Component A.
A sheet of paper 8 cm long, 0.125 mm thick, weighing 83 g/m2 and having bursting strength of 500 kN/m2 (average) was adhered to one end of the casing 10 as in Example 1 with glue to form a reinforcing sleeve 1 8. A second sheet of identical
material about 28 cm long was folded into the form of a reinforcing sleeve 1 9 and adhered to the outside of the flexible casing 10 with glue, leaving a 6 cm length 14 of the casing 10 between the two sleeves uncovered. The paper at the end of the sleeve 1 9 extending beyond the casing 10 was folded around a strip 21 of resilient polyvinyl chloride 37 mm x 4 mm x 0.6 mm and secured with glue.
When projected into a drillhole as described in
Example 1, the uncovered portion 14 was expanded into firm engagement with the drillhole wall and the strip 21 also engaged the drillhole wall. The components A and B were mixed satisfactorily when an anchor bolt was rotatably inserted into the drillhole and the bolt was firmly anchored in the hole when the mixed grouting composition set hard after about 45 seconds.
Claims (29)
1. A grouting capsule containing hardenable grouting material within an elongate frangible casing which casing, over a length of at least 1.0 times the diameter of the casing at a leading end of the casing, consists of a material of sufficient strength such that, when the capsule is projected with the said leading end forward through a projection tube into a drillhole at a velocity of 12 metres per second, distortion or damage of the capsule which could impede the said projection is prevented, said casing also
having at least one flexible radially expansible portion extending over a length of at least 0.6 times the diameter of the casing, which flexible portion is expanded radially into engagement with the drilihole wall on impact of the capsule with the blind end of the drillhole when the capsule is projected into a drillhole at a velocity in the range from 7 to 12 metres per second.
2. A capsule as claimed in Claim 1 wherein a length of at least 1.0 times the diameter of the casing at each end of the casing consists of a material which prevents distortion or damage of the capsule when the capsule is projected through a projection tube at a velocity of 12 metres per second.
3. A capsule as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the flexible radially expansible portion extends over a length of 1.0 to 4.0 times the diameter of the casing.
4. A capsule as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 inclusive wherein the flexible radially expansible portion forms an intermediate portion of the capsule casing extending to a position within a distance of 5 times the diameter of the casing from the leading end of the casing.
5. A capsule as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 inclusive wherein the, or each, flexible radially expansible portion of the casing is capable of expansion to at least 1.5 times its original diameter on impact without lateral confinement at a velocity of 7 metres per second against a hard stationary surface.
6. A capsule as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5 inclusive comprising a continuous tube of flexible frangible material, strengthened by the application of frangible reinforcing material along a portion of its surface, the flexible portion of the casing being provided by the non-reinforced portion of the flexible material.
7. A capsule as claimed in Claim 5 where a frangible flexible tube containing the fluent hardenable grouting material has at least one layer of reinforcing material applied over at least one portion of its outer surface.
8. A capsule as claimed in Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the reinforcing material is adhered to the surface of the flexible material by a separate layer of adhesive material.
9. A capsule as claimed in Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the reinforcing material is in the form of self-adhesive material.
10. A capsule as claimed in Claim 6 or Claim7 wherein the reinforcing material is the form of heat-shrinkable material.
11. A capsule as claimed in Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the reinforcing material is in the form of tape or tubular sleeve material applied around the tube of flexible material.
12. A capsule as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the reinforcing material is in the form of a sleeve
extending beyond one end of the flexible tube, said
sleeve being closed by flattening and folding its
end to provide a transverse stiffened portion for
engagement with the drillhole wall.
13. A capsule as claimed in Claim 12 wherein a
transverse strip of resilient material is enclosed in
the folds of the sleeve end-closure.
14. A capsule as claimed in any one of Claims 6
to 1 3 inclusive wherein the reinforcing material
comprises paper, parchment, cellulose fabric,
fibre-reinforced paper tissue or synthetic plastics
film.
15. A capsule as claimed in Claim 14 wherein
the reinforcing material comprises synthetic
plastics film in the form of heat-shrunk or cling
wrap film.
1 6. A capsule as claimed in any one of claims 1
to 1 5 inclusive wherein the flexible radially
expansible portion of the casing comprises
synthetic plastics film.
1 7. A capsule as claimed in Claim 1 6 wherein the plastics film comprises cellulose, cellulose
acetate, or a polymer or copolymer of ethylene,
propylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or
ethylene terephthalate.
1 8. A capsule as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 1 7 inclusive wherein the flexible expansible portion of the casing is provided by a continuous tube of flexible frangible material closed at each end by gathering and binding with a compression closure member.
19. A capsule as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 1 8 inclusive containing both components of a two-component grouting composition, one of the components being contained in a separate frangible flexible tube enclosed within the frangible casing.
20. A capsule of hardenable grouting material substantially as described herein and shown in the accompanying drawings.
21. A capsule of hardenable grouting material substantially as described herein with reference to any one of the Examples.
22. A method of preparing a capsule of hardenable grouting material which comprises applying to a portion of the outer surface of a frangible flexible tubular casing containing hardenable grouting material at least one layer of reinforcing material extending over a length of at least 1.0 times the diameter of the casing at least at one end of the casing, said reinforcing material being of sufficient strength such that, when the capsule is projected through a projection tube into a drillhole at a velocity of 12 metres per second with the said one end forward, distortion or damage of the capsule which could impede the said projection is prevented, and leaving without reinforcement a portion of the flexible tubular casing extending over a length of at least 0.6 times the diameter of the casing, whereby when the capsule is projected into a drillhole at a velocity in the range from 7 to 12 metres per second the non-reinforced portion of the flexible casing is expanded radially into engagement with the drillhole wall on impact of the capsule with the blind end of the drillhole.
23. A method as claimed in Claim 22 wherein a layer of reinforcing material is applied to each end of the flexible tubular casing.
24. A method as claimed in Claim 22 or
Claim 23 wherein at least one portion of the flexible tubular casing extending over a length of 1.0 to 4.0 times the diameter of the casing is left without reinforcement.
25. A method of preparing a capsule of hardenable grouting material substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and any one of the
Examples.
26. A capsule of hardenable grouting material whenever prepared by any one of Claims 20 to 25 inclusive.
27. A method of securing a reinforcing element in an oversize drillhole in a rock formation in which method a capsule as claimed in any one of
Claims 1 to 21 inclusive or Claim 26 is projected into the drillhole at a velocity sufficient to expand the flexible expansible portion of the capsule into engagement with the drillhole wall and the reinforcing element is inserted into the drillhole in a manner whereby the capsule is ruptured and the grouting composition subsequently hardens around the reinforcing element in the drillhole.
28. A method as claimed in Claim 27 wherein the capsule is projected by air pressure through a projection tube into a drillhole.
-
29. A method of securing a reinforcing element in an oversize drillhole substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and any one of the Examples.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8116194A GB2084278B (en) | 1980-06-09 | 1981-05-27 | A grouting capsule for rock bolts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8018764 | 1980-06-09 | ||
| GB8116194A GB2084278B (en) | 1980-06-09 | 1981-05-27 | A grouting capsule for rock bolts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2084278A true GB2084278A (en) | 1982-04-07 |
| GB2084278B GB2084278B (en) | 1983-11-09 |
Family
ID=26275773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8116194A Expired GB2084278B (en) | 1980-06-09 | 1981-05-27 | A grouting capsule for rock bolts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2084278B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5098228A (en) * | 1989-03-22 | 1992-03-24 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Destructible cartridge for securing anchor member |
| US8202024B2 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2012-06-19 | J-Lok Co. | Partitioned film package |
-
1981
- 1981-05-27 GB GB8116194A patent/GB2084278B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5098228A (en) * | 1989-03-22 | 1992-03-24 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Destructible cartridge for securing anchor member |
| US8202024B2 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2012-06-19 | J-Lok Co. | Partitioned film package |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2084278B (en) | 1983-11-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |