GB2076690A - Divided-bed carbon filter - Google Patents

Divided-bed carbon filter Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2076690A
GB2076690A GB8115760A GB8115760A GB2076690A GB 2076690 A GB2076690 A GB 2076690A GB 8115760 A GB8115760 A GB 8115760A GB 8115760 A GB8115760 A GB 8115760A GB 2076690 A GB2076690 A GB 2076690A
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Prior art keywords
filter
units
unit
filter according
elements
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Granted
Application number
GB8115760A
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GB2076690B (en
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Marshall D A G
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Marshall D A G
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Priority to GB8115760A priority Critical patent/GB2076690B/en
Publication of GB2076690A publication Critical patent/GB2076690A/en
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Publication of GB2076690B publication Critical patent/GB2076690B/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0039Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices
    • B01D46/0041Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B01D46/0043Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices for feeding containing fixed gas displacement elements or cores
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/58Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel
    • B01D46/60Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/93Toxic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40084Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by exchanging used adsorbents with fresh adsorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0431Beds with radial gas flow

Abstract

A divided-bed activated carbon filter for removing noxious substances from air or other gaseous streams comprising two or more activated carbon filter elements or units (10, 12) which are arranged in a single housing or frame in such a way that the air or other gaseous stream to be filtered is divided into two or more parallel streams on entering that filter, one stream passing through each filter element or unit. The filter elements may be annular or flat. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Divided-bed carbon filter This invention relates to activated carbon filters for removing noxious substances from air or other gaseous streams. These filters generally comprise one or more layers of cellular material, the cells of which contain activated carbon in granular or particle form. The ends of the cells are closed by respective sheets of foraminous material which are held in place by grilles which are coated, during manufacture of the filters, by a molten synthetic plastics coating, which, on hardening, bonds those foraminous sheets to the layer of cellular material.
In my prior British Patent Application No. 80.1 6948 filed on 22nd May 1980, 1 have described an improved form of activated carbon filter which has the advantage that the pressure drop across the filter is substantially reduced in comparison with activated carbon filters in use prior to the filing of that Application. This advantage is gained by so-constructing an activated carbon filter that it comprises two activated carbon filter units which are arranged in a single housing or frame in such a way that the air or other gaseous stream to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams on entering the filter, one stream passing through one filter element, and the other stream passing through the other filter element.
The filter therefore can be said to be a "dividedbed" filter, and this term is more appropriate than the term "two-stage by-pass filter" used in the specification of Application No. 80.16948'as the term "by-pass" carries with it the idea that some of the air or other gaseous fluid to be filtered may by-pass the filtering material altogether. This is not so. In fact, all the air or other gaseous fluid entering the filter casing passes through either one or the other filter unit.
In the specific filter shown in the drawings of Application No. 80.16948, the individual filter units are of planar form, and there are a number of applications where planar units are to be preferred. There are however other applications where annular or cylindrical filters or filtering elements would give considerable advantages, especially from the installation point of view.My later Application No. 80.39940 is accordingly concerned with a divided-bed carbon filter falling within the scope of the invention described in Application No. 80.16948 but where the filter units are of non-planar form. In particular, Application No. 80.39940 is directed to a dividedbed carbon filter as defined in Application No. 80.16948 wherein the two (or more) filter units are each of tubular or annular shape having one or more layers of cellular material of tubular or annular shape.
Some examples of divided-bed carbon filters in accordance with the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:~ Figure 1 is a vertical section through one form of filter wherein the incoming air or other gaseous fluid is divided into two parallel streams; Figure 2 is a vertical section through one half of a second form of filter wherein the incoming air or other gaseous fluid is divided into three parallel streams; Figure 3 is an enlarged section of one of the filter units shown in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a section taken on the line lV-lV in Figure 3 Figure 5 is a still further enlarged fragmentary view of two layers of cellular material used in the individual filter units; and Figures 6-11 1 are sectional views through other forms of filter in accordance with the invention.
The filter shown in Figure 1 comprises two activated carbon filter units or elements 10 and 12 of annular or cylindrical shape, one element (10) being of larger diameter than the other element so as to form an annular space 14 between them. The two elements are also staggered in relation to each other so that the outer element 10 is slightly above the other element 12.
An end plate 16 is secured to the upper end of the outer filter element 10, while an annular end disc 18 is secured to the lower end of the inner element 12. Annular gaps 20 and 22 are thus formed above the upper end of the inner element 12 and below the lower end of the outer element 10, respectively. A frusto-conical baffle 24 extends from the upper outer edge of the inner element 12 to the inner lower edge of the outer element 10, thereby dividing air entering the filter into two distinct parallel streams. In other words, a certain proportion of air or other gaseous fluid approaching the filter radially will pass radially through the outer element 10 and then be deflected upwards by the baffle 24 into the passage 20, after which it passes downwards through a central passage 26 formed by the inner cylindrical surface of the inner element 12.The thus-filtered air then passes out of the filter through a tubular outlet 28 formed or carried on the lower end disc 18.
That proportion of the incoming air which does not pass through the outer filter element 10, passes into the filter through the gap 22 and then enters the inner filter element 12 as a result of being deflected by the baffle 24. This air also enters the central passage 26 after passing through the inner filter element 12 and leaves the filter through the tubular outlet 28.
It will thus be seen that the air or other gaseous fluid to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams on entering the filter, one stream passing through the outer filter element 10 and the other stream passing through the inner filter element 12. In this way, a substantial reduction in pressure drop across the filter as a whole is achieved if the filter is compared with activated carbon filters of the kind used hitherto.
Figure 2 shows an alternative form of filter having three cylindrical filter elements 30, 32 and 34. By providing two frusto-conical baffles 36 and 38 of the same construction as that shown at 24 in Figure 1 , the incoming air or other gaseous fluid is divided into three parallel streams, one stream passing through the filter element 30, a second stream passing through the filter element 32, and a third stream passing through the filter element 34. Apart from this, the construction of the filter shown in Figure 2 is essentially the same as that shown in Figure 1.
Figures 3-5 illustrate the construction of the individual filter elements 10, 12, 30, 32 and 34 shown in Figures 1 and 2. Each filtering element or unit comprises a number of cellular layers 40, 42,44, 46 and 48 of cylindrical form which are so arranged that there is no spacing between successive layers. In other words, the outer cylindrical surface of layer 48 is in face to face contact with the inner cylindrical surface of layer 46, and so on throughout the thickness of the cellular layers. Each cellular layer is formed by bending a flat sheet of cellular material into a cylindrical shape and then joining its edges together as shown at 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58 in Figure 4.It will be noted from Figure 4 that these joints are out of alignment with each other so as to avoid any possibility of leakage through the filter which might arise if the joints are all at the same place. It will also be seen from Figure 5 that adjacent layers are so disposed in relation to one another that their cells 60 are out of alignment.
This has the advantage that better scrubbing of the air or other gaseous fluid passing through each filter element is ensured.
There are a number of different materials which can be used for the cellular layers. Thus, for example, the cellular layers can be made from paper, wood, metal or synthetic plastics materials, all in honeycomb form, which are capable of being bent from a flat sheet into a cylindrical shape or, alternatively, can be moulded or otherwise produced in a cylindrical form without undue difficulty. Where a synthetic plastics material is used, it is preferred that the honeycomb material should be an epoxy resin, or polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC or PTFE. Where a metal is preferred, then the best materials to use are aluminium honeycomb material or stainless steel honeycomb material.Aluminium has the great advantage that, because of the low elasticity of that metal, there is little tendency for each layer to spring back into a flat shape once it has been bent into a cylindrical shape, which means that no strain is placed on the joint between the two edges of the cylinder. By way of example only, cellular aluminium having an initial thickness of 5/8" has been found to be perfectly suitable for use in the filter element.
The upper and lower ends of the cellular layers in each filter unit are sealed in an epoxy resin which is applied in a molten form to the inner surface of the respective end plates or end discs.
The end plates or discs can be made of a synthetic plastics material or of a suitable metal.
The five layers or plies of cellular material in each filter unit are bounded on their inner and outer cylindrical surfaces by suitable airpermeable layers, for example a layer of fine aluminium mesh and a membrane of glassfibre material. These encasing layers are shown at 62 and 64 in Figure 3.
Although five cellular layers have been illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, a lower number or a higher number of layers can be used according to requirements. For example, each filter unit could be provided with three cellular layers.
If desired, a divided-bed carbon filter of the construction shown in Figure 1 can be combined with another divided-bed filter of a similar but different construction which is placed upstream or downstream of the carbon filter. This is illustrated by the right-hand side of Figure 6 where the filter units 10 and 12 are of larger diameter than those shown in Figure 1 so as to provide a central space within which are located two further filter units 66 and 68 of tubular or cylindrical shape. The units 66 and 68, however, comprise pleated filtering paper instead of the carbon-containing cellular layers used in the filter units 10 and 12. A frustoconical baffle 70 divides the air entering the units 66 and 68 into two distinct parallel streams as in the case of the units 10 and 12. Figure 6 left-hand side shows an alternative assembly.
It is not essential that the layers of cellular material 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48 shown in Figures 3 and 4 be always of a cylindrical shape. They could for example be of frusto-conical form or they could be in the form of tubes having a non-circular cross-section. For example, they could have a square cross-section, a hexagonal cross-section or the shape of some other multi-sided figure.
The joint 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 formed between the edges of each cellular layer 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 once it has been bent into a cylindrical or tubular form can be provided in a number of different ways, according to the material used for the cellular material. For example in the case of aluminium or other metal cellular material, the joint could be obtained by welding the two edges together. It is preferred however that the joints should be bonded by an epoxy resin, especially as that form of connection can be used with a wide range of different cellular materials.
As already indicated above, the invention also extends to filters of planar form, and examples of such filters will now described.
The two-stage by-pass filter shown in Figures 7 and 8 comprises an outer metal frame or casing 71 containing two separate activated carbon filter units or cells 72 and 74. The particular construction of these units or cells will be described later in connection with Figure 9, but it will be noted from Figure 8 that the first unit or cell 72 is set in such a position within the casing 71 that an inlet passage 75 is formed beneath the cell or unit 72. Similarly, the unit or cell 74 has a corresponding passage 76 formed above it.
Further, the two units or cells 72 and 74 are so spaced apart that a gap 78 is formed between them.
The two passages 75 and 76 are shut off from communication with each other by an inclined baffle 80 which is sealed into the casing 71 and which extends across the full width of the latter.
The effect of this arrangement is as follows.
Air or other gas approaching the filter in the direction of the arrow A does not all pass through the first filter unit or cell 72. A certain proportion of the air or gas does pass through that filter unit or cell whereupon it is deflected by the baffle 80 in an upwards direction so as to leave the casing 71 through the passage 76 which by-passes the second unit or cell 74. A proportion of the incoming air enters the passage 75 instead of passing through the first unit or cell 72 so that the passage 75 acts as a by-pass round that first unit or cell. The baffle 80 then directs such by-passed air through the second unit or cell 74.
It has been found that, by using two spacedapart filter units or cells in this manner and thereby splitting or dividing the air flow through the assembly as a whole, the velocity/resistance square law curve falls in the flatter part of the curve. Thus, where the pressure drop across a single activated carbon filter has been unacceptably high in the past, the filter assembly of the present invention provides a substantial reduction in the pressure drop due to a dramatic decrease in resistance.
The filter assembly shown in the drawing can be used in very many different kinds of installation, for example, it could be applied very readily to filters in nuclear installations as well as to normal commercial installations.
Figure 9 illustrates the particular construction of the two filter units or cells 72 and 74. As will be seen, each unit or cell is built up of four layers of cellular material 82 between which there are sheets 84 of foraminous material to close the ends of the cells in the cellular material. The foraminous sheets 84 are held in place by grilles 86 which are coated during manufacture with a molten synthetic plastics material so as to bond the foraminous sheets 84 to the cellular layers 82, the cells of the latter being filled partially or completely with granules of activated carbon.
The filter frame 71, the units or cells 72 and 74 and the baffle 80 can, if desired, be made of combustible materials so that, where it is necessary to destroy toxic substances collected by the filter from the air or other gas passing through it, the toxic substances can be destroyed by burning the entire filter after use in an incinerator.
Such a filter is shown in Figures 10 and 11 where the casing 71 and the baffle 80 are made of marine plywood and the cellular units 72 and 74 are made of a resin-impregnated paper or other combustible material. Irrespective of which materials are used in the construction of the components 71, 72, 74 and 80, it will be usual for the cellular units 72 and 74 and the baffle 80 to be sealed into the frame 71 with an epoxide resin seal 88.

Claims (12)

1. A divided-bed activated carbon filter for removing noxious substances from air or other gaseous streams comprising two or more activated carbon filter elements or units which are arranged in a single housing or frame in such a way that the air or other gaseous stream to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams on entering the filter, one stream passing through one filter element or unit and the other stream passing through the other filter element or unit.
2. A filter according to claim 1, in which the filter elements or units are each of tubular or annular shape and have one or more layers of carbon-containing cellular material of tubular or annular shape.
3. A filter according to claim 1, in which the filter elements or units are each of planar form and have one or more planar layers of carboncontaining cellular material.
4. A filter according to any one of claims 1-3, in which the filter elements or units are staggered in relation to each other so that a fluid entry and/or delivery passage is formed at an end of each filter element or unit, thus permitting a proportion of fluid entering the filter to by-pass at least one, but not all, the filter elements or units.
5. A filter according to any preceding claim, in which one or more baffles extend between the filter elements or units to keep the-fluid in a plurality of separate streams while it is passing through the filter.
6. A filter according to claim 5 when appendant to claim 2, in which the baffle, or each baffle, is of frusto-conical form.
7. A filter according to claim 5 when appendant to claim 3, in which the baffle, or each baffle, is of planar form.
8. A filter according to any preceding claim, in which each filter element or unit has a plurality of cellular layers each having activated carbon granules or particles in its cells, the cells of one layer being out of alignment with the cells of an adjacent layer.
9. A filter according to any preceding claim, in which the filter elements or units are sealed in the housing or frame by an epoxy resin.
10. A filter according to any preceding claim which includes at least one filter element or unit having pleated filtering paper, such element or unit being additional to the activated carbon elements or units and being arranged in series with the latter.
11. A filter according to any preceding claim which is made entirely of incineratable materials so that it can be destroyed by burning after use.
12. A filter substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 1-5, Figure 6, Figures 7-9 or Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8115760A 1980-05-22 1981-05-22 Divided-bed carbon filter Expired GB2076690B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8115760A GB2076690B (en) 1980-05-22 1981-05-22 Divided-bed carbon filter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8016948 1980-05-22
GB8115760A GB2076690B (en) 1980-05-22 1981-05-22 Divided-bed carbon filter

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Publication Number Publication Date
GB2076690A true GB2076690A (en) 1981-12-09
GB2076690B GB2076690B (en) 1984-07-11

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2135899A (en) * 1983-03-04 1984-09-12 Sutcliffe Speakman Engineering Apparatus for absorbing absorbable constituents in a fluid stream
GB2186210A (en) * 1986-02-11 1987-08-12 Marshall D A G Divided-bed fluid filter
US4698072A (en) * 1985-05-22 1987-10-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Adsorber bed apparatus
US5716427A (en) * 1995-08-21 1998-02-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Equipment for gas separation by adsorption
WO2009092489A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Filter device, particularly for filtering gaseous fluids
US9555346B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2017-01-31 Cummins Filtration Ip Inc. Filter with tri-flow path combinations
DE102016217339A1 (en) 2016-09-12 2018-03-15 Mahle International Gmbh Air filter device for a fresh air system of an internal combustion engine
CN109316898A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-02-12 长沙凯天工研院环保服务有限公司 A kind of equipment and activated carbon adsorption case for exhaust-gas treatment
WO2020211131A1 (en) * 2019-04-15 2020-10-22 哈尔滨工程大学 Exhaust gas desulfurization device and exhaust gas desulfurization method based on axial absorption and diffusion, and control system for exhaust gas desulfurization device

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2135899A (en) * 1983-03-04 1984-09-12 Sutcliffe Speakman Engineering Apparatus for absorbing absorbable constituents in a fluid stream
US4698072A (en) * 1985-05-22 1987-10-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Adsorber bed apparatus
GB2186210A (en) * 1986-02-11 1987-08-12 Marshall D A G Divided-bed fluid filter
GB2186210B (en) * 1986-02-11 1990-04-04 Marshall D A G Divided-bed fluid filter
US5716427A (en) * 1995-08-21 1998-02-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Equipment for gas separation by adsorption
WO2009092489A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Filter device, particularly for filtering gaseous fluids
US8262759B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2012-09-11 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Filter device, particularly for filtering gaseous fluids
DE112008003607B4 (en) * 2008-01-24 2016-09-22 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Filter device, in particular for the filtration of gaseous fluids
US9555346B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2017-01-31 Cummins Filtration Ip Inc. Filter with tri-flow path combinations
DE102016217339A1 (en) 2016-09-12 2018-03-15 Mahle International Gmbh Air filter device for a fresh air system of an internal combustion engine
CN109316898A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-02-12 长沙凯天工研院环保服务有限公司 A kind of equipment and activated carbon adsorption case for exhaust-gas treatment
WO2020211131A1 (en) * 2019-04-15 2020-10-22 哈尔滨工程大学 Exhaust gas desulfurization device and exhaust gas desulfurization method based on axial absorption and diffusion, and control system for exhaust gas desulfurization device

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Effective date: 20010521