GB2089232A - Activated carbon filter - Google Patents

Activated carbon filter Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2089232A
GB2089232A GB8129726A GB8129726A GB2089232A GB 2089232 A GB2089232 A GB 2089232A GB 8129726 A GB8129726 A GB 8129726A GB 8129726 A GB8129726 A GB 8129726A GB 2089232 A GB2089232 A GB 2089232A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
filter
layer
layers
cellular
fluid
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
GB8129726A
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GB2089232B (en
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Marshall D A G
Original Assignee
Marshall D A G
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marshall D A G filed Critical Marshall D A G
Priority to GB8129726A priority Critical patent/GB2089232B/en
Publication of GB2089232A publication Critical patent/GB2089232A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2089232B publication Critical patent/GB2089232B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D27/00—Cartridge filters of the throw-away type
    • B01D27/02—Cartridge filters of the throw-away type with cartridges made from a mass of loose granular or fibrous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D27/00—Cartridge filters of the throw-away type
    • B01D27/04—Cartridge filters of the throw-away type with cartridges made of a piece of unitary material, e.g. filter paper
    • B01D27/06—Cartridge filters of the throw-away type with cartridges made of a piece of unitary material, e.g. filter paper with corrugated, folded or wound material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/58—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel
    • B01D46/60—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/62—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series
    • B01D46/64—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2275/00—Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2275/10—Multiple layers

Abstract

The invention is directed to a fluid filter comprising one or more layers (16, 18, 20, 22 and 24) of cellular material which are suitably so arranged that there is no spacing between successive layers. The cells of the cellular layers contain activated carbon particles or granules, and the layer or each layer of cellular material is of tubular or annular shape. An inner or outer filter layer of pleated paper may be provided in series with the cellular layer(s). Two of the filters may be arranged in a housing in parallel. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Activated carbon filter This invention relates to activated carbon filters for removing noxious substances from air or other gaseous streams, the term "filter" being used herein to include filter elements and filter assemblies within its meaning.
In a number of prior Patents, I have described activated carbon filters comprising one or more layers of cellular material, the cells of which contain activated carbon in granular or particulate form. The ends of the cells are generally closed by respective sheets of foraminous material so as to prevent the escape of the carbon particles or granules from the cells.
Hitherto such filters have been of planar form.
There are however many applications where the use of annular or cylindrical filters or filter elements is much to be preferred, and the present invention has been devised with this need in mind.
According to the invention, a fluid filter comprises one or more layers of cellular material, the cells of which contain activated carbon particles or granules, in which the layer, or each layer, is of tubular or annular shape.
Preferably the layer, or each layer, of cellular material is produced by bending a flat sheet of honeycomb material into a cylindrical shape and then joining its ends together. In most cases there will be more than one such layer with the outer cylindrical surface of an inner layer being in face to face contact with an inner cylindrical face of an outer layer, the two layers being so arranged with respect to each other that their cells are out of alignment so as to produce a better scrubbing effect on air or other gaseous fluid which is passed through the filter.
The cellular material can be made of any one of a number of different materials, but it has been found that honeycomb material made of aluminium is particularly advantageous. This is because a flat sheet of cellular aluminium material can readily be bent into a cylindrical shape and then joined along its opposing edges or ends. Further, because of the low elasticity of aluminium as a metal, the cylinder tends to keep its shape and does not place an undue strain on the join between the two ends or edges.
Two filter elements in accordance with the invention can very usefully be combined to form a multi-stage divided-bed filter of the construction described in my co-pending Patent Application No.
80.16948 filed on 22nd May 1980. This can be done by arranging, say, two filter elements of different diameters in such a way that fluid to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams, one stream passing through one filter element, and the other stream passing through the other filter element.
Another development of the invention involves the provision, in the filter, of an internal or external annular layer of pleated filtering paper. The resultant filter then serves as a combined carbon filter and high-efficiency filter.
Examples of activated carbon filters in accordance with the invention and an example of a divided-bed filter incorporating the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section through a filter element in accordance with the invention; Figure 2 is a section taken on the line Il-Il in Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of two layers of cellular material used in the filter element shown in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of a divided-bed filter incorporating two filter elements of the construction shown in Figures 1 - 3, and Figure 5 is a vertical section, similar to Figure 1, through an alternative form of filter element which incorporates an annular layer of pleated filtering paper.
The filter element shown in Figures 1 and 2 is of annular form and comprises an air-filtering section 10 which is bounded at its top and bottom surfaces by respective end plates or discs 12 and 14.
The air-filtering section 10 comprises a number of cellular layers 16, 18,20,22 and 24 of cylindrical form which are so arranged that there is no spacing between successive layers. In other words, the outer cylindrical surface of layer 16 is in face to face contact with the inner cylindrical surface of layer 18, and so on throughout the thickness of the section 10.
Each cellular layer is formed by bending a flat sheet of cellular material into cylindrical shape and then joining its edges together as shown at 26, 28,30,32 and 34 in Figure 2. It will be noted from Figure 2 that these joints are out of alignment with each other so as to avoid any possibility of leakage through the filter which might arise were the joints all at the same place. It will also be seen from Figure 3 that adjacent layers are so disposed in relation to one another that their cells 36 are out of alignment to achieve improved scrubbing of the fluid passing through the filter element.
The cellular layers can be made from various materials - for example, paper, wood, metal or synthetic plastics materials, all in honeycomb form, which are capable of being bent from a flat sheet into a cylindrical shape. Alternatively, they can be moulded or otherwise produced in a cylindrical form without undue difficulty. Where a synthetic plastics material is used, it is preferred that the honeycomb material should be an epoxy resin, or polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC or PTFE. Where a metal is preferred, then the best materials to use are aluminium honeycomb material or stainless steel honeycomb material. Aluminium has the great advantage that, because of its low elasticity, there is little tendency for each layer to spring back into a flat shape once it has been bent into a cylindrical shape, which means that no strain is placed on the joint between the two edges of the cylinder.By way of example only, cellular aluminium having an initial thickness of 5/8" has been found to be perfectly suitable for use in the filter element.
A fluid-tight joint between the upper and lower ends of the cellular layers and the end plates or discs 12 and 14 is provided by sealing those ends in an epoxy resin which is applied to the inner surface of the end plates or discs 12 and 14 in a molten form.
The end plates or discs 12 and 14 can be made of a synthetic plastics material or of a suitable metal.
The cells of the cellular layers contain activated carbon particles to remove noxious substances from a fluid stream. To retain these particles, the five plies are bounded on their inner and outer cylindrical surfaces by suitable air-permeable layers - for example a layer of fine aluminium mesh and a membrane of glass-fibre material. These encasing layers are shown at 38 and 40 in Figure 1.
In my co-pending PatentApplication No. 80.16948 filed on 22nd May 1980 1 have described an activated carbon filter assembly comprising two activated carbon filter units which are arranged in a single housing or frame in such a way that the air or other gaseous fluid to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams, one stream passing through one of the filter units, and the other stream passing through the other filter unit.
An activated carbon filter element as shown in the accompanying Figures 1 - 3 lends itself ideally to being used in such a divided-bed filter, and Figure 4 shows diagrammatically how this can be done. Here, in Figure 4, there are two annular filter elements 42 and 44 of the construction shown in Figures 1 - 3, one element being of larger diameter than the other element so as to form an annular space 46 between them. The two elements are also staggered in relation to each other so that one is slightly above the other.
By securing an end plate 48 to the upper end of the outer filter element 44 and an annular end disc 50 to the lower end of the inner element 42, annular gaps 52 and 54 are formed below the lower end of the outer element 44 and above the upper end of the inner element 42, respectively. A frusto-conical baffle 56 extends from the upper outer edge of the inner element 42 to the inner lower edge of the outer element 44, thereby dividing air entering the filter into two distinct parallel streams. In other words, a certain proportion of air approaching the filter radially will pass radially through the outer element 44 and then be deflected upwards by the baffle 56 into the passage 54, after which it passes downwards through a central passage 58 formed by the inner cylindrical surface of the inner element 42 and out through a tubular outlet 60 formed or carried on the end disc 50.Radially-approaching airwhich does not enter the element 44 passes into the filter through the gap 52 and is then passed through the inner element 42 as a result of being deflected by the baffle 56. This air then also enters the central passage 58 and passes out of the filter through the outlet 60.
If desired, a filter of this construction can be used in association with another divided-bed filter 62 of similar construction which is placed upstream or downwstream of the carbon filter described above.
The filter 62, however, has elements 64 and 66 comprising pleated paper instead of the cellular layers used in the elements 42 and 44.
It is not essential that the layers of cellular material shown in Figures 1 and 2 be always of cylindrical shape. They could for example, be of frusto-conical form or they could be in the form of tubes having a non-circular cross-section. For example, they could have a square cross-section, a hexagonal crosssection or the shape of some other multi-sided figure.
The joint 26, 28,30,32 and 34 formed between the edges of each cellular layer once it has been bent into a cylindrical or tubular form can be provided in a number of different ways, according to the material used for the cellular material. For example, in the case of aluminium or other metal cellular material, the joint could be obtained by welding the two edges together. It is preferred however that the joints should be bonded by an epoxy resin, especially as that form of connection can be used with a wide range of different cellular materials.
Although the divided-bed filters shown in Figure 4 are shown as having two filter elements, they could equally well have three or more such elements so as to divide the fluid to be filtered into three or more parallel streams.
Figure 5 shows an alternative form of filter element having four cellular layers 68, 70, 72 and 74 of cylindrical form which are arranged concentrically in the same way as the cellular layers 16, 18,20, 22 and 24 shown in Figure 1. The construction of the cellular layers in Figure 5 is exactly the same as that of the cellular layers shown in Figure 1, and the cells are likewise filled with activated carbon in granular or particulate form. Other parts of the Figure 5 element are similarly the same as those shown in Figures 1 3 and have been marked with the same reference numerals.
The main difference between the filter element shown in Figure 5 and that shown in Figure 1 is that the Figure 5 construction includes an annular highefficiency air-filtering layer 76 which surrounds the other four layers and is made of pleated filtering paper. In other words, the filter element of Figure 5 has two juxtaposed stages - one formed by the four cellular layers containing activated carbon material, and the other formed by the pleated filtering layer 76. This particular filter element is designed for air flow in a radially-outwards direction from the central chamber 78 in the filter element. Where, however, it is desired that air flow should be radially inwards in the reverse direction to that shown by the arrows in Figure 5, then the high-efficiency filtering layer 76 can be located within the four cellular layers containing activated carbon material.

Claims (16)

1. A fluid filter comprising one or more layers of cellular material, the cells of which contain activated carbon particles or granules, in which the layer, or each layer, is of tubular or annular shape.
2. Afluid filter according to claim 1, in which the layer or each layer of cellular material is produced by bending a flat sheet of honeycomb material into a cylindrical shape and then joining its ends together.
3. A fluid filter according to claim 1 or claim 2 having a plurality of concentrically-arranged cellular layers with the outer cylindrical surface of one layer being in face-to-face contact with an inner cylindrical surface of an adjacent layer.
4. A fluid filter according to any one of claims 1-3 having at least two cellular layers, in which the two layers are so arranged with respect to each other that their cells are out of alignment so as to produce an improved scrubbing effect on air or other gaseous fluid passed through the filter.
5. A fluid filter according to any preceding claim, in which the cellular layer or each cellular layer is made of aluminium or other metal.
6. A fluid filter according to any preceding claim, in which the annular layer or layers are bounded at their top and bottom surfaces by respective end plates or discs, a fluid-tight joint being provided between those ends of the cellular layers and the end plates or discs.
7. Afluid filter according to claim 6, in which the fluid-tight joint between the ends of the cellular layer or layers and the end plates or discs is achieved by sealing those ends in an epoxy resin which is applied to the inner surfaces of the end plates or discs in a molten form.
8. A fluid filter according to any preceding claim, in which the cellular layer or layers are bounded on their inner and outer cylindrical surfaces by airpermeable layers which assist in retaining activated carbon particles within the cells of the cellular layers.
9. Afluid filter according to claim 8, in which the air-permeable layers comprise fine aluminium mesh and/or a membrane of glass-fibre material.
10. Afluid filter according to any preceding claim having an inner annular layer of an outer annular layer comprising a filtering material other than the cellular layer or layers.
11. A fluid filter according to claim 10, in which the said inner and outer layer comprises pleated filtering paper.
12. Afluid filter according to claim 1 substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 1-3 or Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
13. A multi-stage divided-bed fluid filter having two filter elements as claimed in any preceding claim, the two filter elements being of different diameters and being axially staggered in relation to each other so that fluid to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams on entering the filter, one stream passing through one filter element and the other stream passing through the other filter element.
14. A multi-stage divided-bed fluid filter having one filter element as claimed in any preceding claim and another filter element of different construction, the two filter elements being two different diameters and being axially staggered in relation to each other so that fluid to be filtered is divided into two parallel streams on entering the filter, one stream passing through one filter element and the other stream passing through the other filter element.
15. A multi-stage divided-bed fluid filter according to claim 14, in which the second filter element comprises one or more annular layers of pleated filtering paper.
16. A multi-stage divided-bed fluid filter as described herein with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8129726A 1980-12-12 1981-10-01 Activated carbon filter Expired GB2089232B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8129726A GB2089232B (en) 1980-12-12 1981-10-01 Activated carbon filter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8039941 1980-12-12
GB8129726A GB2089232B (en) 1980-12-12 1981-10-01 Activated carbon filter

Publications (2)

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GB2089232A true GB2089232A (en) 1982-06-23
GB2089232B GB2089232B (en) 1984-09-26

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2148736A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-06-05 Marshall D A G Activated-carbon fluid filter
US4559066A (en) * 1981-11-16 1985-12-17 Process Scientific Innovations Limited Filters for purification of gases
NL1001804C2 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-04 Ecopro Bv Filter element
US6905536B2 (en) * 2003-06-11 2005-06-14 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Increased surface area hydrocarbon adsorber

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559066A (en) * 1981-11-16 1985-12-17 Process Scientific Innovations Limited Filters for purification of gases
GB2148736A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-06-05 Marshall D A G Activated-carbon fluid filter
NL1001804C2 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-04 Ecopro Bv Filter element
US6905536B2 (en) * 2003-06-11 2005-06-14 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Increased surface area hydrocarbon adsorber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2089232B (en) 1984-09-26

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PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 20010930