GB2068204A - Plant growing systems for use in aquaria - Google Patents
Plant growing systems for use in aquaria Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2068204A GB2068204A GB7943622A GB7943622A GB2068204A GB 2068204 A GB2068204 A GB 2068204A GB 7943622 A GB7943622 A GB 7943622A GB 7943622 A GB7943622 A GB 7943622A GB 2068204 A GB2068204 A GB 2068204A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- growing medium
- growing
- grams
- container
- plant growing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ICSSIKVYVJQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ICSSIKVYVJQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A plant growing system for use in aquaria comprising a container (1) containing a plant growing medium (2). The pH of the plant growing medium (2) is selected in accordance with the pH or hardness of the water in the aquarium in which the plant growing system is to be used. This system then provides an optimum environment for the growth of aquatic plants (3) which prefer these pH conditions. The container 1 is preferably a perforated plastics bag having an external seam providing a peripheral external flange on which gravel (4) can also be placed to hold the bag in position. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Plant growing systems for use in aquaria
This invention relates to plant growing systems for use in aquaria.
There are several problems associated with growing aquatic plants in aquaria. Under-gravel filtration systems present in many aquaria cause considerable water movement through plant growing media at the bottom of the aquaria. This water movement has a deleterious effect on the root and general growth of most aquatic plants. Furthermore the pH conditions present in the aquarium may not suit the aquatic plants growing therein.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a container to be located in an aquarium and containing a growing medium for aquatic plants, said container enclosing the medium on all sides.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plant growing system for use in aquaria, the plant growing system comprising a container containing a growing medium for aquatic plants, said medium having a selected pH.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a plant growing system for use in aquaria, the plant growing system comprising a flexible permeable container containing a plant growing medium composed of a mixture comprising peat, minerals and nutrients in proportions which give the medium an acid or a neutral or an alkaline pH suitable for growth of aquatic plants which grow in acid, substantially neutral or alkaline water, respectively.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a container located in an aquarium, the container containing a plant growing medium and aquatic plants growing in said medium, the pH of the medium being selected in accordance with the pH of the aquarium water.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a group consisting of a plurality of plastics bags at least one bag containing a plant growing medium having an acid pH which is suitable for growing aquatic plants in water having an acid pH, at least one other bag containing a plant growing medium having a neutral pH which is suitable for growing aquatic plants in water having substantially neutral pH and at least one bag containing a plant growing medium having an alkaline pH suitable for growing aquatic plants in water having an alkaline pH.
In general plants prefer to grow in specific pH conditions (i.e. in an acid, neutral or alkaline environment) so that the pH or hardness of the aquarium water will effect the type of aquatic plants which will grow successfully. It has been found to be advantageous for plant growth if the pH of the growing medium is complementary to that of the water so the pH of the plants whole environment is determined. Thus for optimum plant growth in a soft or acid water aquarium, aquatic plants which thrive on acid conditions should be grown in an acid growing medium. Similarly, in a hard or alkaline water aquarium, aquatic plants which prefer alkaline conditions should be grown in an alkaline growing medium. In neutral or substantially neutral aquarium water (for example having a pH of from 6.8 to 7.2), aquatic plants which prefer neutral conditions should be grown in a neutral growing medium.
Containers embodying the invention will now be particularly described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a container containing plant growing medium;
Figure 2 is a cross-section through the container of Fig. 1; and
Figure 3 is a side view of the container of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in use.
The illustrated container comprises a bag 1 of plastics material sealed at both ends. The plastics material can be thermoplastics, for example 400 gauge polythene and the bag 1 sealed by heat sealing to form external seams. The bag 1 is perforated with holes of a size which make it permeable to water but are sufficiently small to prevent growing medium escaping from the bag 1. For example the holes can be pin size or approximately 0.5 mm in diameter, spaced at approximately 0.5 inch intervals throughout the bag. Inside the bag 1 is a plant growing medium 2 which is suitable for growing aquatic plants and has a selected pH (i.e. acid, neutral or alkaline).
The plant growing medium is preferably composed of a mixture comprising peat, minerals and nutrients, although other suitable mixtures can be employed.
The level of nutrients in the mixture is sufficient to allow for a speedy onset of growth in a newly set-up tank and at the same time low enough to encourage good root growth into the growing medium. The nutrients can be mixed with the peat and minerals prior to packaging or they can be injected into the bag during the packaging stage in the form of an aqueous solution.
An example of a suitable nutrient composition is as follows:
NUTRIENT FORMULAE AMOUNT
Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO3)2.4H2O 0.0612 grams
Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4.7H2O 0.0493 grams
Potassium Nitrate KNO3 0.0202 grams
Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate KH2PO4 0.0272 grams
Ferric Chloride Fe3CI 0.0005 grams
Micronutrient solution (as below) 0.1 c.c.
MICRONUTRIENT
SOLUTION FORMULAE AMOUNT
Distilled water H2O 1 Litre
Boric Acid H3BO3 2.5 grams
Manganese Chloride MnCI2.4H2O 1.5 grams
Zinc Chloride ZnCI2 0.10 grams
Copper Chloride CuC12.2H20 0.05 grams
Molybdenum Oxide MoO3 0.05 grams
The remaining components of the mixture are selected according to the pH or hardness of the water in the aquarium. Examples of a mixture suitable for use in acidic, neutral and alkaline environments are as follows:
ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT a. Peat
(Finnish peat with dust removed) . . .10 units by weight b. Breedon Rock " II chips (Magnesium Limestone).. ...13.5 units by weight c. Neutral Balast
(Ordinary coarse sand) . ...31.5 units by weight
NEUTRAL ENVIRONMENT a. Peat .. 10 units b. Breedon Rock ...48.5 units
ALKALINE ENVIRONMENT a. Peat . ...10 units b. Breedon Rock ... 45 units c. Powdered Calcium Carbonate .. ... 2 units
All peat samples referred to above have a 57.6 wt % moisture content. Determination of the
moisture content of the peat is an important factor in formulating a growing medium since the
percentage of oven dry peat affects the buffering capacity of the plant growing medium.
The components of the mixture may be varied or altered as required. Compositions can be
produced to provide a whole range of pH values.
The container itself is preferably of a size suitable for fitting into standard household aquaria.
For example, the size of the container can range from 8 inches long by 4 inches wide and + inch thick to 4 inches long by 4 inches wide, and again < inch thick.
In order to use the above described container for growing aquatic plants, holes are cut in the
wall of the bag 1. Aquatic plants 3 are then planted in the growing medium 2 through the
holes. The whole assembly is then submerged in water in an aquarium and the bag 1 is buried
under the aquarium gravel 4 leaving the plants 3 protruding. The external seams assist in
holding the bag submerged since they increase the surface area which can be buried under the
gravel. The pH of the growing medium 2 is complementary to the pH of the water in the aquarium, and the aquatic plants 3 are selected in accordance with these pH conditions.
In order to sell the containers, a retailer may stock a range of containers containing various growing media covering a wide pH range, for example some containing acid, some containing neutral and some containing alkaline growing media. Alternatively in for example a hard water area, it may only be necessary to stock containers containing alkaline growing media. The containers will be marked for example with a coloured strip to indicate the pH of the growing medium it contains. The customer will then be able to select the particular container which complements the water in his aquarium. With the aid of information supplied for example in the form of a wall chart, he will be able to ascertain which plants will grow successfully in that particular environment.
The above described plant growing system is advantageous in that it provides an optimum pH growth media for aquatic plants. A further advantage lies in the fact that the growing media is contained in a substantially enclosed environment (i.e. the bag) and so is not subjected to the harmful water movement caused by the aquarium filtration system.
Claims (16)
1. A plant growing system for use in aquaria, the system comprising a container containing a growing medium for aquatic plants, said medium having a selected pH.
2. A plant growing system according to claim 1, wherein the container is a bag of plastics material.
3. A system according to claim 2, wherein the plastics material is a thermoplastics and the bag is heat-sealed.
4. A system according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the bag has external seams which are arranged to be covered by gravel when the bag is in the place in an aquarium.
5. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the container is perforated with holes of a size sufficient to make the container permeable to water but not sufficient to allow growing medium to escape.
6. A system according to claim 5, wherein the holes are 0.5 mm in diameter and spaced at 0.5 inch intervals.
7. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the growing medium comprises a mixture of peat, minerals and nutrients.
8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the growing medium has an acid pH and comprises:
Peat 10 units by weight
Magnesium Limestone (4" Chips) 13.5 units by weight
Neutral Balast 31.5 units by weight.
9. A system according to claim 7, wherein the growing medium has a neutral pH and comprises:
Peat
10 units by weight
Magnesium Limestone 48.5 units by weight.
1 0. A system according to claim 7, wherein the growing medium has an alkaline pH and comprises:
Peat 10 units by weight
Magnesium Limestone 48 units by weight
Powdered Calcium Carbonate 2 units by weight.
11. A system according to any one of claims 7 to 10 wherein the growing medium contains the following nutrients:
NUTRIENT FORMULAE AMOUNT
Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO3)2.4H2O 0.0612 grams
Magnesium Sulphate MgSo4.7H2O 0.0493 grams
Potassium Nitrate KNO3 0.0202 grams
Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate KH2PO4 0.0272 grams
Ferric Chloride Fe3CI 0.0005 grams
Micronutrient solution (as below) 0.1 c.c.
wherein the micronutrient solution comprises the following:
MICRONUTRIENT
SOLUTION FORMULAE AMOUNT
Distilled water H2O 1 Litre
Boric Acid H3BO3 2.5 grams
Manganese Chloride MnCI2.4H2O 1.5 grams
Zinc Chloride ZnCI2 0.1 0 grams
Copper Chloride CuC12.2H20 0.05 grams
Molybdenum Oxide MoO3 0.05 grams.
1 2. A plant growing system according to any one of the preceding claims located in an aquarium and at least partially covered by gravel at the bottom of the aquarium.
1 3. A plant growing system according to any one of claims 1 to 11 comprising at least one container containing a growing medium having an acidic pH, at least one container containing a growing medium having a substantially neutral pH and at least one container containing a growing medium having an alkaline pH.
14. A plant growing system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 5. A container located in an aquarium having a layer of gravel therein, the container being substantially buried under the gravel and containing a plant growing medium and aquarium plants growing in the growing medium through holes in the container, the pH of the growing medium being selected in accordance with the pH of the aquarium water.
16. A group consisting of a plurality of plastics bags, at least one bag containing a plant growing medium having an acidic pH which is suitable for growing aquatic plants in water having an acid pH, at least one other bag containing a plant growing medium having a neutral pH which is suitable for growing aquatic plants in water having substantially neutral pH and at least one bag containing a plant growing medium having an alkaline pH suitable for growing aquatic plants in water having an alkaline pH.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7943622A GB2068204A (en) | 1979-12-18 | 1979-12-18 | Plant growing systems for use in aquaria |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7943622A GB2068204A (en) | 1979-12-18 | 1979-12-18 | Plant growing systems for use in aquaria |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2068204A true GB2068204A (en) | 1981-08-12 |
Family
ID=10509924
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7943622A Withdrawn GB2068204A (en) | 1979-12-18 | 1979-12-18 | Plant growing systems for use in aquaria |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2068204A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4955158A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1990-09-11 | Plant Tech., Horticultural Products Inc. | Plant watering mat |
| NL9401761A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-06-03 | Barenbrug Tuinprodukten B V | Holder for water plants |
| CN102613016A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-01 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Method for identifying plant root traits and evaluating contribution ability of root system to yield |
| WO2014083231A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | Alonso Giménez Yago | All-in-one flexible, multi-purpose stand-alone container comprising an improved fertilised substrate for aquatic plants and marsh plants, and production method thereof |
| US20200163315A1 (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2020-05-28 | Alan J Cohen | Assembly |
-
1979
- 1979-12-18 GB GB7943622A patent/GB2068204A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4955158A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1990-09-11 | Plant Tech., Horticultural Products Inc. | Plant watering mat |
| NL9401761A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-06-03 | Barenbrug Tuinprodukten B V | Holder for water plants |
| CN102613016A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-01 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Method for identifying plant root traits and evaluating contribution ability of root system to yield |
| CN102613016B (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2016-08-03 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of plant identification root traits and the assessment root system method to contribution to yield ability |
| WO2014083231A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | Alonso Giménez Yago | All-in-one flexible, multi-purpose stand-alone container comprising an improved fertilised substrate for aquatic plants and marsh plants, and production method thereof |
| US20200163315A1 (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2020-05-28 | Alan J Cohen | Assembly |
| US11445709B2 (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2022-09-20 | Alan J Cohen | Assembly |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |