GB2067408A - Expanded corncob grits having increased absorptivity and a method for the preparation thereof - Google Patents
Expanded corncob grits having increased absorptivity and a method for the preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2067408A GB2067408A GB8100993A GB8100993A GB2067408A GB 2067408 A GB2067408 A GB 2067408A GB 8100993 A GB8100993 A GB 8100993A GB 8100993 A GB8100993 A GB 8100993A GB 2067408 A GB2067408 A GB 2067408A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- grits
- expanded
- corncob
- minutes
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/137—Heterocyclic compounds containing two hetero atoms, of which at least one is nitrogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/161—Puffed cereals, e.g. popcorn or puffed rice
- A23L7/174—Preparation of puffed cereals from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough
- A23L7/178—Preparation of puffed cereals from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough by pressure release with or without heating
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
There are provided novel expanded corncob grits and a method for the preparation thereof. The expanded grits which possess increased absorptivity are found to be useful in the formulation of insecticidal baits, especially fire ant baits, and other agricultural compositions. Stomach poison insecticides, e.g. <IMAGE> are used.d
Description
SPECIFICATION
Expanded corncob grits having increased absorptivity and a method for the preparation thereof
The present invention relates to expanded corncob grits and to a method for the preparation thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to expanded grits which possess increased absorptivity, and are found to be useful in the formulation of insecticidal baits, especially fire ant baits, and other agricultural compositions, such as pesticidal formulation, feed additives, and the like. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to insecticidal baits and other agricultural compositions utilizing said expanded corncob grits.
Corncob grits of diverse shape and mesh sizes are known. Usually they are incorporated in a variety of compositions as carriers of biologically active compounds used in the agriculture. Corncob grits, having a bulk density range of from about 384 g/l to about 561 g/l (24 Ib/ft3 to 35 Ib/ft3) are generally satisfactory for the absorption of liquid formulations, except that their capacity to absorb such liquid formulations is rather limited, and is not more than about 15% by weight of total composition. Higher level compositions appear to be wet and are not free flowing but are sticky.
It has been found by means of the present invention corncob grits are expanded to possess a bulk density range of from about 280 g/l to about 353 g/l (18 to 22 Ib/ft3), and which further possess the capacity to absorb increased amounts of liquids to yield compositions containing approximately 20% to about 30% by weight of composition of said liquids, corresponding to approximately 25% to 43% by weight of said grits. The liquids contemplated herein may be a single component or may be formulated from two or more components, for instance, the solution of an insecticide in an edible carrier, such as soybean oil. This product is capable of delivering more active ingredients than the non-expanded starting grit material in a more effective and/or economical manner.
In general, by the process of the present invention, corncob grits are heated at a temperature range of from about 105"C to about 135 C at super-atmospheric pressure and in the presence of saturated steam or steam and water in an autoclave for a period of time from about 10 minutes to about 60 minutes. The steam is then rapidly exhausted to the atmosphere, the thus obtained expanded grits are dried if necessary and cooled down to ambient temperature. Although the above method is particularly suitable for use with commercial autoclaves, other devices which are capable of fast heating under pressure and in the presence of saturated steam or steam and water, decompression and drying (as for example an extruder) can also be used.
Thus, for instance, corncob grits of 10/40 mesh size, having a bulk density range of from about 384 g/l to about 561 g/l may be heated in the presence of saturated steam or steam and water at the temperature range of from about 105"C to about 1300C and at a pressure range of from about 1.1 kg cm -2 to about 2.8 kg cm-2 for a period of time of approximately 10 to 60 minutes. Next the steam is exhausted in the atmosphere, the expanded grits are dried if necessary and cooled to ambient temperature to afford the expanded, highly absorptive corncob grits of the present invention having a bulk density range of from about 280 g/l to about 353 g/l (18 to 22 Ib/ft3).
Advantageously, equally good results can be obtained by heating the corncob grits for a relatively short period of time at or near the maximum temperature range specified above, followed by slow venting of steam to obtain a lowertemperatureand pressure range, and then holding said grits at that temperaturelpressure range for a short period of time, followed by drying and cooling down the thus obtained expanded and highly absorptive corncob grits.
The thus-prepared grits have the capacity to absorb increased amounts of liquid to yield compositions containing approximately 20% to about 30% by weight of composition of said liquids.
As stated above, corncob grits and especially corncob grits that were expanded by the method of the present invention, are well suited for the preparation of baits, when used as carriers of insecticides active as stomach poisons, such as the insecticide of formula (I)
disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,163,102; its method of use disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,087,525 and in application for United States Letters Patent, Serial No. 004,645, allowed October 1979. The above are incorporated herein by way of reference.
Baits so prepared are effective against insects with chewing mouth parts (Orthopterous insects such as cockroaches, grasshoppers, crickets and Isopterous insects, such as termites). They are effective for the control of fire ants, such as the southern fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni, the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri and the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. They are also effective for the control of ants, such as the big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala, and the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmax humilis, that are dominant pests in pineapple and sugar cane fields, and for the control of many species of ants that are classified under the general category of household ants. Ants are serious economic and public health pests.
Serious problems created by fire ants are stinging of humans and livestock, feeding on plants, particularly on seedlings and on germinating seeds, damage to farm machinery that strike ant mounds, loss of crops and refusal of workers to enter infested fields to cultivate and harvest crops. Ants invade houses, crawl over food, carry bits of food to their nests and also cause damage by establishing their nests in the woodwork of houses and other wooden buildings.
Control of these pests can be achieved with treated baits that are distributed in or adjacent to the infested area, such as pasture, park dwellings or other locations in which ant control is desired, and made available to worker ants. The workers carry the treated bait to the colony where it is consumed by the queens and the young ants, leading to their destruction.
In practice, generally about 1.25 glha to 75.0 g/ha, and preferably 2.5 g/ha to 37.5 g/ha of a formula (I) compound is effective for fire ant control and/or for crop protection from ants and about 0.0625% to 4% by weight, and preferably 0.125% to 2.0% by weight of said compound is effective for the control of house ants and/or other insects that are controlled by bait.
Baits can be prepared, for example, by admixing an insecticide with vegetable oils such as soybean oil, and with or without an attractant such as lecitin. The composition is then absorbed on an expanded corncob grits and distributed in the area of the colony or infestation. Use of these baits has particular advantage, since such method of distribution poses little or no hazard to non-target organism that may frequent the infested area.
The invention is further illustrated by the examples set forth below. These examples are provided only by way of illustration and are not intended to be limiting.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of expanded corncob grits
Procedure Corncob grits a re autoclaved at 2.10 kg cm-2 (29.8 psi; 121 C) for 30 minutes in the presence of saturated steam. The pressure is then lowered by slow exhaust until the internal temperature drops to 1 00 C. The autoclave is maintained for an additional 10 minutes at approximaely 1.57 kg cm-2 (22.4 psi; 11 2.6 C), then the pressure is released rapidly and the contents dried for 30 minutes while still in the autoclave.
Three samples are prepared by the above procedure, using corncob grits of 10/40 mesh size and having a bulk density of 466.1 g/l (29.1 Ib/ft3).
1. 453 g (1 Ib) of grits, as received.
2. 453 g (1 Ib) of grits with 1% by weight of water (4.53 g) added, and
3. 453 g (1 Ib) of grits, with 5% by weight of water (22.7 g) added.
The samples, after having been expanded by the above procedure have a bulk density range of from 309.2 g/l (19.3 Ib/ft3) tg 318.6 g/l (19.68 IbIft3).
The absorptivity of the samples is tested by preparing blends from said grits and soybean oil, containing 20, 25 and 30% by weight of soybean oil, respectively. All blends containing 20 to 25% by weight of soybean oil are free-flowing and dry. Blends containing 30% by weight of oil are somewhat wet and not as free-flowing.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of expanded corncob grits
Two samples of corncob grits (about 181 kg each) differing oniy in particle size distribution are expanded bythe method of Example 1, above.
The particle size distribution, bulk density and soybean oil absorptivity of the thus obtained expanded grits is compared to their respective starting materials. The data obtained are summarized in Tables IA and IB below.
TABLE la
Summary of particle size distribution
and bulk density data
Std. % Distribution Bulk density
Sample Screen before after before after
+20 42.8 64.7 465.5 g/l 323.6 g/l
A +30 36.3 25.2 or or
+40 17.9 8.8 29.06 Ib/ft3 20.2 Ib/ft3 -40 2.8 0.8
+20 89.4 96.8 488.6 g/l 410.1 g/l
B +30 10.1 3.1 or or
+40 0.3 trace 30.5 Ib/ft3 25.6 Ib/ft3
-40 0.1
TABLE Ib
Summary of Soybean Oil Absorption Data
Appearance of blends
prepared from grits
% by wt
Sample oil before expansion after expansion
15 slightly oily, free
flowing
A 20 oily, does not dry, free flowing
flow
25 dry, free flowing
30 slightly wet
15 very oily, does not
flow
B 20 very oily, does not
flow dry, free flowing
25 slightly wet
30 wet, does not
flow
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of expanded corncob grits
By the procedure of Example 1 two samples are prepared using corncob grits of 10/40 mesh size and having a bulk density of 464.5+32g/l (29+21bs/ft3).
a One sample is heated for 10 minutes at 2.1 kg cm-2 pressure (29.8 psi) and at 121"C in the presence of saturated steam to yield expanded granules having a bulk density of 323.6girl (20.2 Ibs/ft3).
b One sample is heated for 10 minutes at 1.35 kg cm -2 (19.3 psi) and at 1080C in the presence of saturated steam to yield expanded granules having a bulk density of 325.2g/l (20.3 lbs/ft3).
EXAMPLE 4
Evaluation of the effect of variations in the expansion process
By the process of Example 1 above, a number of tests are run using 10/40 mesh corncob grits having a bulk densityof 464.5+32g/l (29c21bslft3), as follows: a: A sample is autoclaved for 10 minutes at2.1 cm-2 pressure and at 121 C with saturated steam,the crave is then vented slowly. The pressure is then immediately raised to 2.1 kg cm-2 (at 121"C) and maintained for an additional 10 minutes. The autoclave is then vented rapidly and the sample dried for 15 minutes.
b: As under a except at 1.36 kg cm-2 pressure and at 108"C.
c: A sample is autoclaved for 10 minutes at 2.1 kg cm-2 pressure and at 12100 witch saturated steam, the crave is then vented rapidly and the sample dried.
d: As under c except at 1.36 kg cm-2 pressure and at 108"C.
e: As under c except after venting the crave rapidly, the sample is not dried.
f: As under d except after venting the crave rapidly, the sample is not dried.
Next, the bulk densities, moisture content and oil absorption capacity of the samples are determined. The
data thus-obtained are summarised in Table II.
TABLE II
Physical characteristics of samples obtained
by the above experiments
Sample Bulk % % oil
density Moisture absorbed;
g/l by wt appearance
of sample
A 318.8 7.9 20; v. slightly oily,
free flowing*
25; slightly oily, free
flowing
B 336.4 7.3 20; v. slightly oily,
free flowing*
25; slightly oily, free
flowing
C 323.6 6.1 20; v. slightly oily,
free flowing*
25; slightly oily, free
flowing
D 325.2 3.6 20; v. slightly oily,
free flowing*
25; slightly oily, free
flowing
E 307.6 7.1 20; v. slightly oily,
free flowing*
25; slightly oily, free
flowing
F 315.6 7.7 20; v. slightly oily,
free flowing*
25; slightly oilyq free
flowing = = very
Claims (9)
1. A method for the preparation of expanded corncob grits having a bulk density range of from 280 g/l to 353 gIl and an absorptive capacity for liquids of from 25% by weight to 43% by weight of the expanded grits which comprises the steps of: heating corncob grits having a bulk density range of from 448 g/l to 561 g/l at a temperature range of from 105"C to 1 300C at a superatmospheric pressure in the presence of saturated steam for a period of time of from 10 to 60 minutes, and thereafter exhausting the steam to the atmosphere and cooling said grits to ambient temperature.
2. The method according to Claim 1, wherein said grits are heated at 121"C in the presence of saturated steam for 30 minutes, exhausting said steam to the atmosphere to lower said temperature and heating the grits so treated for 10 minutes at 1 13"C, then exhausting any residue steam and cooling the grits to ambient temperature.
3. The method according to Claim 1, wherein said grits are first heated at 1 200C to 1220C at a pressure of 2.0 kg cm-2 to 2.2 kg cm-2, then heated at 1 100C to 1 150C at a pressure of 1.5 kg cm-2 to 1.6kg cm-2.
4. The method according to Claim 1, wherein said grits are first heated at 121"C, at pressure of 2.1 kg cm for a period of 30 minutes, then heated at 113 C for 10 minutes.
5. Expanded corncob grits characterized as having a bulk density range of from 280 g/l to 353 g/l and an absorptive capacity for liquids of from 25% to 43% by weight of said grits.
6. Expanded corncob grits whenever prepared by a method according to any one of Claims 1-4.
7. An insecticidal preparation comprising expanded corncob grits according to Claim 5 or Claim 6 having absorbed thereon an insecticide in liquid form.
8. An insecticidal preparation according to Claim 7, wherein said insecticide is tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl 2(1H)-pyrimidinone-q;3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 -(2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-ethenyl) propenylidene}hydrazone dissolved in soybean oil.
9. An insecticidal preparation according to Claim 8, wherein said hydrazone is present in amount of from 1.25-2.5% by weight based on the weight of said soybean oil.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11156380A | 1980-01-14 | 1980-01-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2067408A true GB2067408A (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| GB2067408B GB2067408B (en) | 1983-04-20 |
Family
ID=22339237
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8100993A Expired GB2067408B (en) | 1980-01-14 | 1981-01-13 | Expanded corncob grits having increased absorptivity and a method for the preparation thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU545664B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8100177A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2473272A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2067408B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA81216B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4657912A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1987-04-14 | American Cyanamid Company | Granular bait compositions for the control of ants employing a pyrimidinone derivative in combination with ground pupa of silkworm |
| CN107027725A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-11 | 王乙玲 | A kind of bait |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3029071B1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2019-06-07 | Ab7 Innovation | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POROSIFIED GELIFIABLE MATERIAL LOAD IN ACTIVE LIQUID COMPOSITION |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1087548A (en) * | 1953-06-12 | 1955-02-24 | Guardite Corp | Improvements to swollen organic materials and their manufacturing process |
| FR1451690A (en) * | 1964-10-22 | 1966-01-07 | Richardson Merrell Inc | Improvements to compositions intended to destroy rodents |
| US4087525A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1978-05-02 | American Cyanamid Company | Pentadienone hydrazones as insecticides |
| AU528550B2 (en) * | 1978-08-17 | 1983-05-05 | Clorox Company, The | Pentadienone hydrazone |
-
1981
- 1981-01-12 BR BR8100177A patent/BR8100177A/en unknown
- 1981-01-13 ZA ZA00810216A patent/ZA81216B/en unknown
- 1981-01-13 GB GB8100993A patent/GB2067408B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-01-13 AU AU66174/81A patent/AU545664B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-01-14 FR FR8100530A patent/FR2473272A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4657912A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1987-04-14 | American Cyanamid Company | Granular bait compositions for the control of ants employing a pyrimidinone derivative in combination with ground pupa of silkworm |
| CN107027725A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-11 | 王乙玲 | A kind of bait |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2067408B (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| ZA81216B (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| AU6617481A (en) | 1982-09-16 |
| FR2473272A1 (en) | 1981-07-17 |
| AU545664B2 (en) | 1985-07-25 |
| BR8100177A (en) | 1981-07-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |