GB2061694A - Apparatus for heat treatment of milk and the like - Google Patents
Apparatus for heat treatment of milk and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2061694A GB2061694A GB8035230A GB8035230A GB2061694A GB 2061694 A GB2061694 A GB 2061694A GB 8035230 A GB8035230 A GB 8035230A GB 8035230 A GB8035230 A GB 8035230A GB 2061694 A GB2061694 A GB 2061694A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- milk
- section
- heated
- holding vessel
- heating section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C3/00—Preservation of milk or milk preparations
- A23C3/02—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating
- A23C3/03—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked
- A23C3/033—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus
- A23C3/0332—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus in contact with multiple heating plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0461—Combination of different types of heat exchanger, e.g. radiator combined with tube-and-shell heat exchanger; Arrangement of conduits for heat exchange between at least two media and for heat exchange between at least one medium and the large body of fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0472—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being helically or spirally coiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
- F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0042—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an apparatus for heat treatment of milk, comprising a heat exchanger 1, where the milk is heated to the required high temperature by means of heated water from a water heater 3, and a holding vessel 2 in which the milk is kept during a predetermined period of time. The new feature resides in that a regenerative section (9) in the heat exchanger 1, which includes a heating section (6) and a regenerative section (9), has a space intended to be traversed by incoming, untreated milk, and a space intended to be traversed by heated milk coming from the heating section (6), so that incoming milk is preheated by outgoing milk, that the holding vessel (2) consists of a coil which, as seen in the flow direction, is arranged between the heating section (6) and the regenerative section and has a variable length adjusted to the intended flow and required holding time, and that the apparatus is adapted for immediate connection to a milking plant (M) so that the milk arrives in the apparatus at a substantially maintained milking temperature. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Apparatus for heat treatment of milk and the like
The present invention relates to an apparatus especially for heat treatment of milk, comprising a heat exchanger, where the milk is heated to the required high temperature by means of heated water, and a holding vessel in which the milk is kept during a predetermined period of time.
It is known since long to heat-treat milk and the like in order to obtain destruction of bacteria and the like. Such heat treatment is as a rule carried out in dairies and like plants to which the milk has been supplied from the producers. However, the storage in tanks, which is becoming more and more common and the purpose of which is to rationalize and minimize the number of collecting turns, involves the drawback that milk will be kept for a comparatively long time before being subjected to the heat treatment. Though the storage tanks are cooled growth of bacteria can arise, and this cannot be accepted neither from a hygenic point of view nor in view of the quality of the milk or products prepared from the milk.It may be mentioned in this connection that even a very small volume of bacteriaaffected goat milk mixed into a larger volume can render the entire milk volume unusable for manufacture of cheese.
The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which reduces the risk of growth of bacteria at an as early stage as possible in the milk handling cycle. The problem has found its solution with the apparatus of the invention, which is characterized in that a regenerative section in the heat exchanger, which includes a heating section and a regenerative section, has a space intended to be traversed by incoming, untreated milk, and a space intended to be traversed by heated milk coming from the heating section, that the holding vessel consists of a coil which, as seen in the flow direction, is arranged between the heating section and the regenerative section and has a variable length, adjusted to the intended flow and required holding time, and that the apparatus is adapted to be placed
in immediate connection with a milking plant so that the milk arrives in the apparatus at a substantially maintained milking temperature.
As the apparatus according to the invention is connected on to the milking apparatus, the milk can be heat-treated immediately upon milking, whereby the risk of growth of bacteria in the storage tank will be reduced to the utmost extent. A result of th is is that the milk can be kept in the tank for a considerably longer time and, consequently, the number of collecting operations can be reduced and the time interval between the collecting operations can be increased. An advantage of this is that even producers with small live-stock can utilize the obvious advantages involved with the tank storage. Another advantage of the apparatus according to the invention is that, due to its construction, it requires a minimum supply of energy.
The invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus.
The drawing only includes such details as are essential for the function of the apparatus and, consequently, such components as are common in this connection have been left out for the sake of clarity.
The illustrated embodiment of the apparatus of the invention is intended to be connected between a milking plant M, preferably after the final unit or collecting container thereof, and a storage tank T.
The apparatus includes a heat exchanger 1 consisting of three sections, a holding vessel 2, an electrical water-heater 3 with a circulation pump, thermostat means and control means (not shown), and inlet and outlet lines 4, 5 for cooling water provided with necessary valves.
In a preferred embodiment the heat exchangers are plate type heat exchangers arranged for counter-current heat exchange.
The heating section 6 of the heat exchanger has spaces which are traversed by milk or other liquid to be treated, and spaces which are traversed by heated water and spaced apart by the plates.
The water is heated in the water-heater 3 and is circulated between this and the heat exchanger section 6 with the aid of a pump 7. The water-heater is provided with electrical heating elements, preferably a constantly active element for holding the temperature generally within the intended temperature range and a thermostat-controlled element for adjusting the temperature to the desired exact value.
Unlike prior art heat treatment apparatuses this one is intended to be supplied with freshly-milked milk, i.e. milk that has not been cooled. The milk thus holds about 34-37"C already when arriving in the regenerative section 9 of the heat exchanger via the supply line 8. The milk passes at 10 straight through the cooling section 11.
In the regenerative section 9 the milk is heated up from 34-37"C to about 50"C by heat being absorbed from earlier heated milk which has already passed through the heating section 6 and the holding vessel 2 situated afterthe heating section, as counted in the flow direction. From the regenerative section 9 the milk passes into the heating section 6, where it comes into contact with the plates heated by the hot water, and is heated to the intended temperature about 720C.
The heating of the milk thus takes place in two steps. In the first step heating from the initial temperature 34-37"C up to a temperature of about 50"C takes place by absorption of heat from outgoing milk. In the other step heating from about 50"C to about 72"C takes place by heat absorption from the water heated in the water-heater 3.
The holding vessel 2 has been placed afterthe heating section 6 since the milk must be held at the high temperature for a certain time in orderto achieve the intended destruction of bacteria and the like. In the preferred embodiment the holding vessel consists of a coil of tubing connected to the outlet 12 of the heating section 6 and opening into a passage pipe 13 which extends transversely through the heating section 6. The holding vessel can be varied as required because it is in the form of a coil. Decisive
for the length ofthe holding vessel coil 2 are the flow
rate, i.e. the volume of milk passing through the
apparatus per unit of time, and the desired holding
time.
If the milk is to be kept at a temperature of 72"C for,
say, fifteen seconds, the length of the holding vessel
coil 2 is adjusted so that the time fifteen seconds is
required for a certain quantity of milk to pass the
coil.
The holding vessel is decisiveforthe function of
the apparatus and determines the capacity of it, On the other hand, by adjusting the coil length it is pass ible to adapt any apparatus to a given flow provided
it lies within the capacity of the heat exchangers and
the water-heater.
From the holding vessel coil 2 the milk is led via the passage pipe 13 to the regenerative section 9,.
where it yields heat to incoming milk, before it is allowed to pass through the cooling section 11 in which it is cooled to the intended storage temperature with the aid of cooling water which enters through the conduit4 and leaves through the conduit 5.
The fact that the apparatus is supplied with already warm - newly-milkedmilk and by regenerative heat exchange reutilizes heat from already heat-treated milk involves that the required addition of energy will become small. In this connection it may be anticipated that a power of about 5 watt will be required for one litre of treated milk.
The milk has a temperature of about 40"C when it passes from the regenerative section 9 into the cooling section 11 and in the latter section it is cooled to 4-10 C.
The conduit 14 from the cooling section may be directly connected to the per se known storage tank
T into which the milk thus enters after being cooled to the intended storage temperature.
The spent cooling water, the temperature of which has been raised by about 20-25 C, may be utilized as drinking waterforthe live-stock or else be kept in a special tank from which the preheated water is supplied to a water-heater for consumption water.
The apparatus according to the invention is calculated to find its widest use in comhination with handling of milk in tanks. However, the apparatus is usable to the same degree in case it is desired to distribute the milk di rectly from the producer to the consumer/retailer. In such cases the apparatus is connected to a packaging unit for direct packaging of milk.
In a somewhat modified embodiment, especially concerning the cooling section, the apparatus ofthe invention may be applied to the tank vehicle coliect- ing the milk from the producer's tanks. Milk being filled into the vehicle tank will thus be automatically
heat-treated when it is pumped over, which involves that any growth of bacteria that may have began in the producer's tank is interrupted and infection of the remaining milk in the vehicle tank is prevented.
Apparatuses of the same principal construction as
the apparatus described herein may also be used in
other fields than in the handling of milk. It may be
used, for instance, in the brewery industry for des truction of yeast fungi and for general pasteurization
of beer and like beverages as well as juices.
Apparatuses of th is type may also be used in the
wine industry for the deposition of tartar. In the
engineering industry they may be used for "pasteur
ization" of cutting liquids and be reutilized
repeatedly without making it necessary to add bac
tericides which may give rise to skin-affections.
Finally, the apparatus may be utilized for treated ment of drin king-water in e.g. the developing countries.
The invention should not Ide considered limited to that described above and shown in the drawing but
may be modified in various ways within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. Apparatus for heat treatment of milk, comprising a heat exchanger, where the milk is heated to the required high temperature by means of heated water, and a holding vessel in which the milk is kept during a predetermined period of time, wherein a regenerative section, in the heat exchanger, which includes a heating section and a regenerative section, has a space intended to be traversed by incoming, untreated milk, and a space intended to be traversed by heated milk coming from the heating section, wherein the holding vessel consists of a coil which, as seen in theGow direction, is arranged between the heating section and the regenerative section and has a variable length, adiusted to the intended flow ancS required holding time, and wherein the apparatus is adapted for immediate connection to a rnilking plant sathat the milk arrives in the apparatus at a substantially maintained milking temperature:.
2.. Apparatus s as claimed in claim 1, adapted to be interposed betv veen a milking plant and a storage tank orthe like.
3. Apparatus Je as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchangers are plate type heat exchangers arranged for c ounter-current heat exchange.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coil constituti ng the holding vessel consists of a heli cally wound t ube.
5. ApparE flus as claimed in claim 1, including an additional he !at exchanger for cooling of the milk or liquid that has 3S passed the regenerative section.
6. Apparatus for heat treatment of milk, substantially as herr einbefore described with reference to the accompaning drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7909186A SE7909186L (en) | 1979-11-06 | 1979-11-06 | DEVICE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF MILK AND SIMILAR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2061694A true GB2061694A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
GB2061694B GB2061694B (en) | 1984-04-04 |
Family
ID=20339263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8035230A Expired GB2061694B (en) | 1979-11-06 | 1980-11-03 | Apparatus for heat treatment of milk and the like |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5685223A (en) |
AR (1) | AR223075A1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT373474B (en) |
BR (1) | BR8007215A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3040943A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK154113C (en) |
FI (1) | FI803468L (en) |
FR (1) | FR2468309A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2061694B (en) |
IL (1) | IL61415A (en) |
IN (1) | IN153288B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1134185B (en) |
NO (1) | NO152771C (en) |
SE (1) | SE7909186L (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA806854B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2539997A1 (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-03 | Geere International | Combined pasteuriser with infrared ray emitter |
CN109790499A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-05-21 | 克朗斯股份公司 | Device and method for being heat-treated to beer |
WO2019199161A1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-17 | Direct Dairy Holding B.V. | Multichannel milk processing system, milking system and method for processing an animal-specific amount of milk |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4121036C2 (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1994-04-14 | Eckardt Griesbach | Method and device for treating milk |
DE4227122C2 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 2001-12-20 | Deutz Ag | Air-liquid heat exchanger |
AT405594B (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1999-09-27 | Laschober Gerhard | Apparatus for processing freshly produced milk to give dried milk |
AT411642B (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2004-04-26 | Gerhard Laschober | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DRY MILK |
DE102008037726A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2010-05-06 | Khs Ag | Method and device for heat treatment of liquid foods |
CN109682113A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-26 | 王华广 | A kind of energy-saving type refrigeration house system |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB374577A (en) * | 1931-04-23 | 1932-06-16 | Gilbert Waters Hyde | Improvements relating to the pasteurisation of liquids in bulk |
DK73322C (en) * | 1948-07-03 | 1951-11-05 | Zeuthen & Larsen Maskinfabrik | Heat exchange device for processing both drinking milk and product milk. |
GB689697A (en) * | 1950-05-01 | 1953-04-01 | Graham Enock Mfg Company Ltd | Improvements relating to milk pasteurising plant |
US2838288A (en) * | 1955-09-16 | 1958-06-10 | Kusel Dairy Equipment Co | Serpentine holding container |
DE1825991U (en) * | 1960-12-02 | 1961-02-02 | German Fischer | HEAT EXCHANGER ACTING AS A COOLING DEVICE FOR FRESHLY WAKED MILK. |
DE1145416B (en) * | 1961-06-07 | 1963-03-14 | Dr Karl Baumann | Method and system for the continuous collection and processing of milk |
US3364038A (en) * | 1965-02-10 | 1968-01-16 | Manton Ganlin Sales Company In | Process and apparatus for pasteurizing and clarifying, separating and/or homogenizing milk |
DE6609876U (en) * | 1967-04-18 | 1972-12-14 | Atad | DEVICE FOR STERILIZATION OR PASTEURIZATION WITHOUT EXTERNAL HEAT SUPPLY. |
JPS485179U (en) * | 1971-05-31 | 1973-01-20 | ||
US3780644A (en) * | 1972-01-24 | 1973-12-25 | N Nafziger | Milk processing system |
FR2370424A1 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-06-09 | Vironneau Pierre | Energy recovery system for milk refrigerating plant - has condenser hat exchanger for heating plant cleansing water |
-
1979
- 1979-11-06 SE SE7909186A patent/SE7909186L/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-10-30 DE DE19803040943 patent/DE3040943A1/en active Granted
- 1980-10-30 DK DK459280A patent/DK154113C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-31 NO NO803268A patent/NO152771C/en unknown
- 1980-11-03 AT AT0539580A patent/AT373474B/en active
- 1980-11-03 GB GB8035230A patent/GB2061694B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-05 IN IN1255/CAL/80A patent/IN153288B/en unknown
- 1980-11-05 IL IL61415A patent/IL61415A/en unknown
- 1980-11-05 IT IT25784/80A patent/IT1134185B/en active
- 1980-11-06 FR FR8023749A patent/FR2468309A1/en active Granted
- 1980-11-06 ZA ZA00806854A patent/ZA806854B/en unknown
- 1980-11-06 FI FI803468A patent/FI803468L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-11-06 BR BR8007215A patent/BR8007215A/en unknown
- 1980-11-06 JP JP15641480A patent/JPS5685223A/en active Granted
- 1980-11-06 AR AR283146A patent/AR223075A1/en active
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2539997A1 (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-03 | Geere International | Combined pasteuriser with infrared ray emitter |
CN109790499A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-05-21 | 克朗斯股份公司 | Device and method for being heat-treated to beer |
WO2019199161A1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-17 | Direct Dairy Holding B.V. | Multichannel milk processing system, milking system and method for processing an animal-specific amount of milk |
NL2020759B1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-23 | Direct Dairy Holding B V | Multichannel milk processing system, milking system and method for processing an animal-specific amount of milk |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IN153288B (en) | 1984-06-23 |
JPS5685223A (en) | 1981-07-11 |
DK154113B (en) | 1988-10-17 |
ZA806854B (en) | 1981-11-25 |
IL61415A (en) | 1985-03-31 |
AR223075A1 (en) | 1981-07-15 |
BR8007215A (en) | 1981-05-12 |
NO152771B (en) | 1985-08-12 |
FI803468L (en) | 1981-05-07 |
DE3040943A1 (en) | 1981-05-14 |
GB2061694B (en) | 1984-04-04 |
DE3040943C2 (en) | 1991-10-24 |
NO803268L (en) | 1981-05-07 |
SE7909186L (en) | 1981-05-07 |
IT8025784A0 (en) | 1980-11-05 |
DK459280A (en) | 1981-05-07 |
FR2468309B1 (en) | 1984-11-30 |
AT373474B (en) | 1984-01-25 |
NO152771C (en) | 1985-11-20 |
DK154113C (en) | 1989-03-06 |
JPS6363177B2 (en) | 1988-12-06 |
ATA539580A (en) | 1983-06-15 |
IT1134185B (en) | 1986-07-31 |
FR2468309A1 (en) | 1981-05-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20001102 |