GB2048844A - Production of Particulate Nutrient Material - Google Patents
Production of Particulate Nutrient Material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2048844A GB2048844A GB8005940A GB8005940A GB2048844A GB 2048844 A GB2048844 A GB 2048844A GB 8005940 A GB8005940 A GB 8005940A GB 8005940 A GB8005940 A GB 8005940A GB 2048844 A GB2048844 A GB 2048844A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pellets
- impregnated
- particles
- nutrient material
- particulate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Particulate nutrient material for use as fertiliser or animal feedstock is produced from absorbent paper shreds or particles, for example of newsprint, impregnated with animal manure - for example as a result of use of the paper as bedding for chickens. The impregnated paper shreds or particles are compacted and pelleted, and may be mixed with superphosphate and/or fishmeal before pelleting. In the figure, the nutrient material is mixed in a mixing chamber 1 before passing by an elevating conveyor 9 to a mincer- extruder unit 10, which has a circular outlet plate 12 with orifices 13 and a rotary knife 14. It is then transferred by a conveyor 15 to a comminuting chamber 16 having a rotating vaned impeller 17, before passing to a cyclone separator 22, followed by packing. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Production of Particulate Nutrient Material
This invention relates to the production of
particulate nutrient material, chiefly, but not
exclusively, for use as fertiliser, as a soil
conditioner, or, in some cases, as an animal
feedstock.
The invention affords a means of utilising the
high nutrient content of an animal manure,
particularly chicken manure, to provide an
effective fertiliser or, in some cases, an animal feedstock base.
The invention provides in one aspect a process for the production of nutrient material in pellet
form, comprising the mixing of absorbent paper
shreds or cellulose fibres impregnated with
animal manure- and the formation of the material
into pellets. Where the impregnating manure is
chicken manure the impregnated paper shreds or fibres may be admixed with a superphosphate
before pelleting to fix the nitrogen which would
otherwise be released as ammonia.
A process according to one embodiment of the
invention for the production of particulate nutrient
material comprises:
(i) a mixing stage in which absorbent paper shreds impregnated with animal manure are
mixed with a superphosphate;
(ii) a mincing stage in which the mixed material from stage (i) is extruded through a mincer and cut into compacted- pellets, and
(iii) a comminution stage in which the pellets are broken up into particles.
The mincing stage, which may be carried out using an industrial mincing unit or pelleting machine, entails extruding the material through orifices in a plate, accompanied by heating of the material frictionally.
If it is desired to produce a nutrient material for use as a feedstuff base it is arranged that the material is heated frictionally in the mincing stage or pelleting machine to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to at least partially sterilise the mixture extruded through the orifice plate.
Sterilisation may alternativeiy be effected completely or partially by irradiation of the mixture, for example by ultra-violet or gamma radiation.
It has been found that an effective way of regulating the heating of the material extruded in the mincing stage is by control of the proportion of dry material in the mixture fed to the mincing apparatus or pelleting machine.
If the material is required in particulate rather than pelleted form comminution may be effected by feeding the pellets to a rotating vaned impeller the pellets being broken up by the impeller to produce particles which may subsequently be aerated by passing them through a cyclone. The resulting particulate material is rich in nutrients derived from the manure content of the original mixture and is highly suitable as a fertiliser and soil conditioner. Moreover, since the manure in the final product is carried by comminuted particles of paper the material is dry and easy to handle, package and store. The particulate paperbased material is also relatively odour-free.
Also within the scope of the invention is a particulate nutrient material consisting of particles of absorbant paper or cellulose fibre impregnated with animal manure, preferably chicken manure having a controlled moisture content, preferably 12% moisture by weight. The material may also be impregnated with superphosphate and/orfishmeal, according to the intended use of the material and the desired protein content. The absorbent paper base of the particulate material is ideally derived from newsprint, which is non-toxic, thermally insulating and highly absorbent, being derived from wood fibres.The invention further provides plant for the production of particulate nutrient material comprising mixing apparatus for mixing pieces of absorbent paper impregnated with animal manure, and extrusion or mincing apparatus for extruding the mixed material from the mixing apparatus to form compacted pellets.
The apparatus may optionally include a comminuting chamber into which the pellets are fed, the chamber housing a rotary impeller having vanes which break up the pellets into particles.
The invention will be further described, merely by way of example, with reference to the accompanying purely diagrammatic drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates schematicálíy in elevation a plant for the production of particulate nutrient material according to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the plant shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the mixing containers used in the plant of Figures 1 and 2, and
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the vaned impeller used in the comminuting stage of the plant shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the illustrated plant is intended for the production of nutrient particles for use as fertiliser starting from manureimpregnated shredded paper. The raw material for the process carried out by the plant is in this case obtained from hen batteries where shredded newsprint is used as a bedding material. When soiled the shredded newsprint is collected and will be impregnated with chicken manure.
The manure-impregnated shredded paper is placed in a four-sided mixing chamber 1 of square cross section having a hinged lid 2. As the raw material is introduced into the chamber 1 an additive material is added. For example, the additive may comprise superphosphate in a proportion of 810% by weight, superphosphate being added in stages during the filling of the chamber with soiled paper, to fix the nitrogen by forming ammonium phosphate, checking the release of ammonia gas. When the chamber is full the lid 2 is closed and locked.
Alternatively, or additionally, protein-in the
form of oil or fish meal may be added, particularly
where the material is intended for use as an
animal feedstock. For example, herring meal may
be added to form mixture containing 5060% by
weight of animal manure and 50 40% by
weight respectively of fishmeal.
The chamber 1 is provided on its internal
surfaces with diagonally extending fins 3
upstanding at right angles to the internal surfaces
of the chamber on each of the four longitudinal
sides of the chamber 1, including the lid 2, which forms a fourth side of the chamber 1 when closed.
A central longitudinal shaft 4 extends through the
chamber 1 and is provided at opposite ends with
respective trunnions 5 externally of the end faces of the chamber 1. The trunnions 5 are used for supporting the entire chamber 1 for rotation
about the axis of the shaft 4, disposed
horizontally. Thus the trunnions 5 may be lowered
into U-shaped supports carried by fixed support arms 6 at opposite ends of the chamber 1, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, the chamber
1 being raised and lowered into the supports using a suitabie lifting crane or truck (not shown).
One or both of the trunions 5 terminates in a square-section driving portion which is engageable in a cooperating slotted end of the drive shaft of an electric motor-reduction unit 7 (Figure 2).
Mixing of the material in the chamber 1 is effected by rotating the chamber 1 through about 60 revolutions by means of the motor-reduction unit 7. The mixing of the material is promoted by the fins 3, and the resulting mixed material can then be disharged from the chamber 1 opening the lid 2, allowing the material to fall into a chute 8.
The mixed raw material is collected from the chute 8 by an elevating conveyor 9 which conveys the material to an industrial mincer unit 10 driven by a heavy duty electric motor (not shown). The mincer unit 10 has a circular outlet duct 11 provided with a plate 1 2 formed with a number of outlet orifices 13 through which the minced material is extruded in operation of the mincer unit 10.
The mincer unit 10 is modified in the plant of this invention by the addition to the outlet duct 11 of a rotary knife 14 which is rotated, conveniently by a drive derived from the mincing unit 10, over the external surface of the orifice plate 12 to cut the extruded and compacted material into pellets which typically measure about 10 mm in length and have a diameter of approximately 8 mm.
The compacted material extruded from the mincer unit 10 will be heated by the considerable friction generated in the mincing and extrusion process. The temperature may exceed 1 000C, the actual temperature being controllable by adding controlled amounts of dry material, for example dry shredded paper, to the mincer unit 10.
The pellets of compacted minced material are conveyed in a further elevating conveyor 1 5 to a comminuting chamber 16 into which the pellets fall under gravity. The chamber 16 is in the form of a vertical cylinder in which a rotary vaned impeller 17 is mounted coaxially. The impeller 17 is driven by an electric motor 1 8 at a speed of, typically, 2500-3000 rpm. In the illustrated embodiment the vaned impeller 17 has the construction illustrated in Figure 4, consisting of six identical radial vanes 1 9 disposed in planes intersecting the axis of rotation of the rotor 1 7 and interconnected at their radially outer ends by metal ties 20.
The pellets fall into one half of the comminuting chamber 17, where they are broken up by the rapidly rotating vaned impeller 17, and expelled through a tangential outlet duct 21 leading into a cyclone separator 22.
The purpose of the cyclone separator 22 in this plant is to effect aeration of the pellet fragments, the resulting substantially dry particles of paper impregnated with nutrient material falling to the bottom of the cyclone chamber 22 for collection by an elevating conveyor 23 which conveys the particles to a packing or bag-filling and sealing station (not shown).
If the minced and extruded material is subjected to a sufficiently high temperature upon extrusion to sterilise the material, the resulting particulate nutrient material may be used as a base for animal feed, for example as a base for the feed used by ruminants, as pet food or as a base for fish feed in fish farming. When used for feedstock the material may include further additives such as flavouring constituents.
If the material is required in pelleted form the comminuting stage 1 6 would of course be omitted, and the extruded pellets would be conveyed over a cooling conveyor. The moisture content of the pellets is preferably controlled by regulating the extrusion process, as described, and in the cooling of the extruded pellets, which is effected by drawing air through the-pellets on a conveyor, in a known manner. For packing in plastic bags the pelleted material should preferably have a moisture content of 12% by weight.
Claims (16)
1. A process for the production of nutrient material in pellet form, comprising the mixing of absorbent paper shreds or cellulose fibres impregnated with animal manure and the formation of the material into pellets.
2. A process according to Claim 1, in which the pellets are formed by extrusion.
3. A process according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the impregnated paper shreds or fibres are impregnated with chicken manure and admixed with a superphosphate before pelleting.
4. A process according to Claim 1, Claim 2 or
Claim 3, in which the absorbent paper shreds or cellulose fibres are admixed with fish meal before pelleting.
5. A process for the production of particulate nutrient material comprising:
(i) a mixing stage in which absorbent paper shreds impregnated with animal manure are mixed with a superphosphate:
(ii) a mincing stage in which the mixed material from stage (i) is extruded through a mincer and cut into compacted pellets, and
(iii) a comminution stage in which the pellets are broken up into particles.
6. A process according to Claim 5, in which the mincing stage entails extruding the material through orifices in a plate and the heating of the material frictionally to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to sterilise the mixture extruded through the plate.
7. A process according to Claim 5 or Claim 6, in which the comminution is effected by feeding the pellets to a rotating vaned impeller.
8. A process according to Claim 7, in which the particles leaving the impeller are subjected to aeration in a cyclone.
9. Particulate nutrient material comprising particles of absorbent paper or cellulose fibre impregnated with animal manure having a controlled moisture content.
10. Nutrient material according to Claim 9, in which the particles are in the form of pellets of compacted material.
11. Nutrient material according to Claim 9 or
Claim 10, in which the particles are impregnated with a mixture of chicken manure and superphospate.
12. A particulate nutrient material according to
Claim 9, Claim 10 or Claim 11, in which the particles of absorbent paper or cellulose fibres are impregnated with a mixture of animal manure and fishmeal.
13. A nutrient material according to Claim 12, in which the mixture contains 5060% by weight of animal manure and 50 40% by weight respectively of fish meal.
14. Plant for the production of particulate nutrient material comprising mixing apparatus for mixing pieces of absorbent paper impregnated with animal manure, and extrusion or mincing apparatus for extruding the mixed material from the mixing apparatus to form compacted pellets.
1 5. Plant according to Claim 14, including a comminuting chamber into which the pellets are fed, the chamber housing a rotary impeller having vanes which break up the pellets into particles.
16. Plant according to Claim 14 or Claim 15, in which the mixing apparatus comprises a foursided mixing chamber having a closable lid in one side and provided with internal fins, the chamber being capable of free-standing on one side, and means for supporting the chamber and rotating the latter about its longitudinal axis to effect mixing.
1 7. A process for the production of nutrient material in particulate or pellet form, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 8. Plant for the production of nutrient material in particulate or pellet form, substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7906208 | 1979-02-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2048844A true GB2048844A (en) | 1980-12-17 |
| GB2048844B GB2048844B (en) | 1983-08-03 |
Family
ID=10503354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8005940A Expired GB2048844B (en) | 1979-02-21 | 1980-02-21 | Production of particulate nutrient material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2048844B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2119813A (en) * | 1982-05-08 | 1983-11-23 | Thomas Henry Gardner | Production of synthetic solid fuel |
| EP1359134A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-11-05 | Expansion 1996, S.L. | Nitrogenated fertilizer and procedure for obtaining thereof |
| RU2767787C1 (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-03-21 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Экоинвестпроект» | Method for in-line all-year-round processing of bird manure |
-
1980
- 1980-02-21 GB GB8005940A patent/GB2048844B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2119813A (en) * | 1982-05-08 | 1983-11-23 | Thomas Henry Gardner | Production of synthetic solid fuel |
| EP1359134A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-11-05 | Expansion 1996, S.L. | Nitrogenated fertilizer and procedure for obtaining thereof |
| RU2767787C1 (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-03-21 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Экоинвестпроект» | Method for in-line all-year-round processing of bird manure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2048844B (en) | 1983-08-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930221 |