GB2040797A - Sheet-like structure - Google Patents
Sheet-like structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2040797A GB2040797A GB7903660A GB7903660A GB2040797A GB 2040797 A GB2040797 A GB 2040797A GB 7903660 A GB7903660 A GB 7903660A GB 7903660 A GB7903660 A GB 7903660A GB 2040797 A GB2040797 A GB 2040797A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- structure according
- membrane
- depressions
- thickness
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000005428 Pistacia lentiscus Species 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/28—Metal sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
- B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B11/08—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
A sheet like structure comprises a flexible metal substrate e.g. of aluminium which is impressed so as to have projections on one side and depressions on the other with an adhesive membrane contiguous to it on one side. The impressions in the metal allow it to be readily bent and after bending to lie flat rather than become arched. The invention allows the application therefore of a thin metal sheet, for instance on an outside surface where it will absorb ultraviolet radiation and thus protect the adhesive membrane by which it is secured to the surface to be protected. The adhesive membrane is preferably bituminous, preferably a bitumen-rubber mix and may also comprise a scrim of glass or polymeric fibres.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Sheet like structure
This invention relates to sheet like structures.
Already known are preformed sheet like structures comprising a substrate for instance in the form of a film of a water impermeable plastics material, and a waterproofing pressure sensitive adhesive membrane, such as of a bituminous composition, in particular a rubber-bitumen mixture. Such substrates are supplied in rolls with a width of 1 m. or so and can be laid side by side, for instance on concrete, to provide a waterproof layer thereon.
While it is also known to use such structures with aluminium as a substrate, it has hitherto been necessary to limitthe thickness of the aluminium to very thin foils in order that the structure should not have excessive rigidity. Such excessive rigidity would give rise to arching and creasing of the aluminium based structure upon laying, and result in the formation of channels which would permit the entry of water.
To avoid this problem, the structures employing an aluminium substrate and a bituminous adhesive that are known to date have been limited to widths of about 25 cm at most and employ only a thin aluminium foil, of a thickness between 0.99 mm and 0.050 mm, mostly in the region of 0.009 mm to 0.075 mm. However, structures of this nature suffer from the disadvantage that the thin aluminium substrates have low tensile strength, tear easily and also possess only limited resistance to atmospheric corrosion, so limited, in fact, that it is known for such structures to be supplied with a protective coat of paint overthe aluminium in orderto improve the resistance to weathering.
We have found that a metal backed adhesive preformed sheet like structure, particularly one employing aliminium, which displays hitherto unachieved flexibility for a ueful metal thickness can be obtained by impressing the metal so that it is formed with an array of projections on one side with corresponding depressions on the other before laminating with the adhesive compound.
We have found thatthis arrangement allows the structure using relatively thick metal to be laid flat while still possessing easy bending or moulding properties so as to achieve a particular shape if required. For instance, to take one simple example, the structure can be turned through a right angle, such as must be formed between the upper surface of a flat roof and the internal vertical surface of a parapet wall, and also when tucking the structure at right angles into rebates.
Thus the invention provides a sheet like structure comprising an impressed metal substrate with an adhesive membrane contiguous thereto on one side.
The metal is a flexible metal, preferably aluminium, and the adhesive preferably waterproofing, preferably bituminous and preferably a bitumen-rubber
mix.
To provide a useful thickness of metal, while still
allowing the additional flexibility offered as a result of the invention, a metal thickness of 0.125 to 0.25 mm, preferably 0.15 mm is employed. The depths of the depressions introduced by impressing can be from 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.50 mm. The adhesive should be thick enough to fill the depressions (or the gaps between the projections) and offer a smooth surface for overall adhesion to a surface to be covered. It's minimum overall thickness should therefore be 1.5 mm, that is when the maximum projection height is employed, so that over the structure its smallest thickness will be approaching 1.0 mm. However, a minimum thickness of 1.8 mm, preferably 2.5 mm is better as it increases the assurance of adhesion.
More particularly, therefore, the invention provides a sheet like structure comprising an impressed aluminium substrate of a thickness of 0.1 to 0.8 mm with an array of projections on one side and corresponding depressions on the other side, with an adhesive waterproofing membrane with a minimum thickness of 1 mm laminated thereto.
The structure of the invention may find may applications, and can be provided in a variety of widths. The structures are particularly useful for application to concrete surfaces, and for this application the membranes are preferably pressure sensitive, that it to say they enable the structures when pressed with normal hand pressure against a concrete surface, without any prior treatment of the surface or membrane, to adhere to the concrete.
Thus, while priming and/or initial heating may with advantage be performed, they are not essential in order to adhere the membrane to concrete.
The membrane can be a layer of the adhesive alone or the adhesive can contain reinforcing material, for example a scrim of glass fibres or an organic strength; if desired the membrane can contain a plurality of layers of waterproofing pressuresensitive adhesive (the adhesive being the same or different in the different layers), and the layers can be separated by reinforcing material in the form of a sheet.
The structures as produced in a factory, stored, and brought to the site for use are in the form of laminates comprising the metal, the adhesive and, usually a removable protective coating such a siliconised paper, and are conveniently in the form of rolls.
On the one hand, the structures may be up to 120 cm, typically 1 m wide when for use in covering large surfaces. On the other hand, structures of as little as 65 cms in width may be provided.
Particularly when a waterproofing facility is desired, bituminous adhesives are generally suitable except where their colour is a disadvantage. If a bituminous adhesive is used, it is preferably formed of natural or synthetic rubber, virgin or reclaimed, blended into bitumen to provide a smooth mix. The ratio by weight of bitumen to rubber is preferably from 80:20 to 95:5, especially about 90:10. Other types of contact adhesive composition may include polychloroprene, butyl rubber, oil-based mastics or compositions containing rosins or rosin derivatives.
Generally, suitable compositions having softening points (measured by the Ring and Ball method) of 60 to 110 C and penetration values of 150-300 at 25"C (100 g. 5 secs. - Institute of Petroleum method).
A wide variety of materials can be used to provide protective coatings in the structures of the invention.
Paper having a release coating thereon, e.g. siliconised paper or paper having a coating thereon of a vinyl chloride polymer, is satisfactory. Other materials include films of organic polymers, particularly vinyl chloride polymers.
The structures of the invention can be prepared without difficulty by techniques known per se. It is preferred to use adhesives which are not solventbased and which are heated. Thus the adhesive may be bonded to the substrate to form a uniform layer contiguous to the substrate. If it is desired to incorporate a sheet-like reinforcing layer in the membrane, this can be achieved, for example by pressing a scrim into the layer of adhesive.
The impression of the metal, which can be performed using a solid metal roller cut with suitable profiles and a resilient backing roller is preferably such that the projections and depressions, which may be generally rectangular, are reqularly arranged in rows and columns. This is found to allow notable flexibility and the facility to bend the structure so that it keeps its shape. The projections may be from 1 cm to 3 cm long and from 0.25 to 1 cm wide, preferably being 2.2 by 0.5 cms. The margins between the depressions may be from 0.5 to 1 cm, preferably 0.7 cm wide.
One application for structures of the invention is as a roofing material. The structures can be unrolled and adhered to such roofing undersurfaces as wood, concrete or previously applied roofing felts and can give absolute water tightness. Moreover, they are particularly resistant to the action of sunlight, in particular the ultravoilet component thereof, thus offering much improved weathering to conventional roofing materials. Moreover, the metallic surface acts as a reflectant, assisting therefore in keeping the building below cool when used in hot climates.
The "bendability" imparted by the impressing of the metal means that the structure can be used as a vehicle for installing a metallic layer of significant thickness in those positions, which has not readily been possible hitherto except when lead has been used.
Further, structures according to the invention can be employed in such structures were the initially mentioned waterproofing membranes are used at present, that is in providing waterproofing membranes in concrete structures, in particular underground structures or roof or bridge decks where the structures are then covered, either by more concrete or by a roofing or surfacing material. There is, in fact, a particular advantage offered in the case of road and bridge building, namely that hot asphalt can be poured directly out the structure without deleterious effect on the waterproof seal and the asphalt will be
most satisfactory keyed to the impressed surface of the structure thus reducing slipping between the road surface and the underlying structure.
Where a waterproofing property is desired, as in
many of the applications envisaged, a waterproofing, preferably rubber-bitumen membrane should
be employed. The thicker the membrane, the better the waterproofing properties, and a thickness of up to 0.4 cm can usefully be employed.
Claims (24)
1. A sheet like structure comprising an impressed metal substrate with an array of projections on one side and corresponding depressions on the other, the substrate being flexible and having an adhesive membrane contiguous thereto on one side.
2. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal is aluminium.
3. A structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane is a waterproofing membrane.
4. A structure according to claim 3, wherein the membrane is bituminous.
5. A structure according to claim 4, wherein the membrane is a bitumen - rubber mix.
6. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the metal is of a thickness of from 0.125 to 0.25 mm.
7. A structure according to claim 6, wherein the metal thickness is 0.15 mm.
8. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the depths of the depressions introduced by impression are from 0.1 to 0.8 mm.
9. A structure according to claim 8m, wherein the depths of the depressions are 0.5 mm.
10. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the membrane is of a thickness of at least 1.5 mm.
11. A structure according to any preceding claims, wherein the membrane is of a thickness of at least 1.8 mm.
12. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the membrane is of a thickness of at least 2.5 mm.
13. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the membrane is of a thickness of no more than 4 mm.
14. A sheet like structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the adhesive membrane is a pressure sensitive adhesive.
15. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the adhesive membrane is reinforced.
16. A structure according to any preceding claim, having a release sheet on the side of the membrane remote from the substrate.
17. A structure according to any preceding claim of a width of at least 1 metre.
18. A structure according to any preceding claim in the form of roll.
19. A structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the depressions are rectangular and arranged in rows and columns.
20. A structure according to claim 19, wherein the depressions are 1 to 3 cm long and from 0.5 to 1 cm wide.
21. A structure according to claim 20, wherein the depressions are 2.2 by 0.5 cms.
22. A structure according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the margins between the depressions are from 0.5 to 1 cm in width.
23. A structure according to claim 22, wherein the margins between the depressions are 0.7 cm wide.
24. A sheet like structure according to claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7903660A GB2040797B (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1979-02-02 | Sheet-like structure |
| ZA00800579A ZA80579B (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1980-01-31 | Sheet like structure |
| AU55075/80A AU529238B2 (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1980-01-31 | Sheet structures |
| JP946880A JPS55137956A (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1980-01-31 | Sheettshaped structure |
| CA000344924A CA1118179A (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1980-02-01 | Sheet like structure |
| SG129/83A SG12983G (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1983-03-21 | Sheet like structure |
| HK576/83A HK57683A (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1983-11-17 | Sheet like structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7903660A GB2040797B (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1979-02-02 | Sheet-like structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2040797A true GB2040797A (en) | 1980-09-03 |
| GB2040797B GB2040797B (en) | 1982-10-27 |
Family
ID=10502907
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7903660A Expired GB2040797B (en) | 1979-02-02 | 1979-02-02 | Sheet-like structure |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55137956A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU529238B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1118179A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2040797B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK57683A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG12983G (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA80579B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2117701A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-19 | Ph Insulation Materials | Laminate |
| US5406759A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-04-18 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Method for protecting subgrade vertical wall from stone impacts in backfill operation and laminate for accomplishing the same |
| EP0854249A1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-22 | Dr. Kohl GmbH & Cie Dachbelag- und Bautenschutzmittel-Fabrik | Roofing sheet with studs |
| EP0854250A1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-22 | Dr. Kohl GmbH & Cie Dachbelag- und Bautenschutzmittel-Fabrik | Roofing sheet with studs |
| WO1999046460A1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-16 | Boral Limited | An elongate building element, sheet material for forming same and method of manufacture thereof |
| GB2376556A (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-18 | Provision Legal Services Ltd | A layered image structure |
| WO2002102605A2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | Provision Legal Services Limited | Application of images to surfaces |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2780397C (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2019-06-11 | Nghi Pham | Process for making a laminated sheet |
| CA2798303C (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2019-01-08 | Nghi Pham | Composite disc brake backing plate |
| US10315382B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2019-06-11 | Gripmetal Limited | Process for manufacturing textured laminate sheet |
-
1979
- 1979-02-02 GB GB7903660A patent/GB2040797B/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-01-31 JP JP946880A patent/JPS55137956A/en active Pending
- 1980-01-31 ZA ZA00800579A patent/ZA80579B/en unknown
- 1980-01-31 AU AU55075/80A patent/AU529238B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-02-01 CA CA000344924A patent/CA1118179A/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-03-21 SG SG129/83A patent/SG12983G/en unknown
- 1983-11-17 HK HK576/83A patent/HK57683A/en unknown
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2117701A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-19 | Ph Insulation Materials | Laminate |
| US5406759A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-04-18 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Method for protecting subgrade vertical wall from stone impacts in backfill operation and laminate for accomplishing the same |
| EP0854249A1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-22 | Dr. Kohl GmbH & Cie Dachbelag- und Bautenschutzmittel-Fabrik | Roofing sheet with studs |
| EP0854250A1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-22 | Dr. Kohl GmbH & Cie Dachbelag- und Bautenschutzmittel-Fabrik | Roofing sheet with studs |
| WO1999046460A1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-16 | Boral Limited | An elongate building element, sheet material for forming same and method of manufacture thereof |
| GB2376556A (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-18 | Provision Legal Services Ltd | A layered image structure |
| WO2002102605A2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | Provision Legal Services Limited | Application of images to surfaces |
| WO2002102605A3 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-10-30 | Provision Legal Services Ltd | Application of images to surfaces |
| GB2376556B (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2005-02-16 | Provision Legal Services Ltd | Application of images to surfaces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU529238B2 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| SG12983G (en) | 1985-01-11 |
| GB2040797B (en) | 1982-10-27 |
| ZA80579B (en) | 1981-01-28 |
| AU5507580A (en) | 1980-08-07 |
| CA1118179A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
| JPS55137956A (en) | 1980-10-28 |
| HK57683A (en) | 1983-11-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19960202 |