GB2040712A - Improvement in the treatment of hazardous waste - Google Patents
Improvement in the treatment of hazardous waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2040712A GB2040712A GB7943663A GB7943663A GB2040712A GB 2040712 A GB2040712 A GB 2040712A GB 7943663 A GB7943663 A GB 7943663A GB 7943663 A GB7943663 A GB 7943663A GB 2040712 A GB2040712 A GB 2040712A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- media
- waste
- containers
- pretreatment
- vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
In a process for pretreating hazardous waste prior to solidification the waste is received in containers (10) which are deposited in a large vessel containing a chemical pretreatment medium (9) and subjected to an agitating process in the vessel whereby the containers are ruptured and their contents deposited in the medium. Neutralisation, precipitation and chemical modification processes are envisaged in the container. The containers (10) become reduced to metal balls (10'') which assist the mixing operation. After pretreatment the liquid is removed for ultimate solidification. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in the treatment of hazardous waste
The present invention is concerned with the reception of hazardous waste at a plant for carrying out detoxifying processes. The detoxification processes with which the present invention are particularly concerned conclude with solidification of the waste.
Preferentially the waste, in liquid form, has added to it fly ash or equivalent and Portland cement thereby forming a slurry which sets to a harmless synthetic rock. Such a solidification process forms the subject of British Patent Specification No. 1,485,625.
Up to the present time the normal practice has been for liquid hazardous waste to arrive in large valve controlled tanks which are discharged into a reception vessel. The solidification process referred to above is best carried out under chemically neutral conditions and it is preferred that the hazardous component of the waste is in a water-insoluble form dispersed rather than dissolved in the waste. A further requirement may be chemically to modify the waste for example to reduce its hazard immediately on arrival at the plant. In summary some kind of chemical pretreatment is needed in the plant before solidification.
If the producer of the waste does not have sufficient to load a large container such as a tanker he must store the waste in small sealed containers such as drums for storage and transport to the waste disposal plant. The opening and emptying of such containers at the plant is a potentially hazardous operation.
According to the present invention there is provided a process for pretreating hazardous waste received in containers at a waste disposal plant, such method comprising placing the containers unopened in a vessel containing a pretreatment media and submitting the containers in the vessel to an agitating process which ruptures the containers thereby depositing the contents into the vessel to be acted upon by the pretreatment media.
The waste in the received containers may be in liquid form but the invention provides the capability of receiving for ultimate solidification containers of solid waste. Such waste may have solidified from liquid during storage or transmit or may originally be in solid form. It will be appreciated that whilst hazardous waste in liquid form is a difficult and dangerous substance it is a necessary starting point for the ultimate solidification processes presently envisaged.
The vessel in which the agitating process takes place can conveniently be comprised by a large basin having a central bearing around which agitating members rotate. Thus, in an embodiment, a vertical shaft extends from a central bearing and radially extending arms carry dependent harrow members which travel around the interior of the basin thereby agitating and rupturing the drums and ultimately thoroughly mixing the contents. A suitable device is that known as a "wash mill" and used in the cement industry for reducing the size of soft rock for blendinq as a cement-making slurry. The harrows not only rupture the drums received into the vessel but reduce these drums ultimately to small compact balls of metal which assist in the agitating and mixing process.
The three types of chemical pretreatment basically contemplated are firstly neutralisation, secondly precipitation of the soluble hazardous component into an insoluble form and thirdly a specific chemical treatment for other purposes.
The expression neutralisation in the first type covers any pH adjustment away from extreme acidity or basicity. With regard to the second it is desirable, in principle, to fix the hazardous part of the ultimate solidified synthetic rock in insoluble form as it is then less readily dissolved and leached out by ground water. With regard to the third type the oxidation of cyanides to cyanates is specifically contemplated. The pretreatment media may be, or be derived from other liquid hazardous wastes.
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing of an apparatus for carrying out the method, and by examples of pretreatment processes.
Referring initially to the drawing a large reception vessel approximately 10 metres in diametercom- prises an octagonal base 1 and side walls 2 also of also of octagonal section. A sieve member 13 provides an inner side wall for purposes which will hereinafter be described. A shaft 4 extends upwardly from a bearing support 5 and is driven to rotate by an appropriate power source. Rotor arms 3 extend radially outwardly from the upper end part of shaft 4 so as to be driven thereby. Conveniently there are four arms 3 disposed at 90O intervals. A harrow member 6 is suspended from each arm 3 by chains 7 and has dependant removable and replaceable teeth 8.
In use pretreatment liquid or at least mobile media 9 is contained in the lower part of the receptacle and the shaft rotated and the harrows 6 caused to describe a circular path agitating and mixing the media. Drums 10 typically metre long and 2 metre in diameter, are deposited into the receptacle and an unruptured cylindrical drum is illustrated falling into the vessel. The drums 10 are moved by the harrow blades and during this movement the harrow teeth wedge drums against the walls of the receptacle adjacent teeth and other drums and after a short period each drum us ruptured. A ruptured drum 10' without some of its contents, which have entered media 9, is schematically illustrated. The drums are reduced to small metal balls 10"which assist in the mixing and agitating function.Ultimately the metal balls 10" disappear and go into solution where they may be chemically active. Centrifugal force tends to move liquid outwardly and through the sieve wall 3 thereby retaining larger particles in the main body of the vessel. Treated liquid is pumped away through outlet 11 for ultimate solidification.
The following examples illustrate the use of the apparatus described with reference to the drawing for the pretreatment processes of various containerised wastes.
EXAMPLE 1 Neutrallsation A waste sludge containing 7% Aluminium chloride with an excess of 4% Hydrochloric acid was received in drums from a chemical manufacturer and had a pH of 3.0. 10 tonnes of this sludge were added to 1 tonne of lime in suspension in water (media 9) using the procedure described above. The resultant liquid, a viscous sludge, had a pH of 10 - 11.
EXAMPLE 2
Precipitation of hazardous waste and neutralisation
A spent plating sludge with 5.2% Copper in 13%
Sulphuric acid solution had a pH of 0.6. The waste was treated as described above in a media(9)containing lime and some alkali hydroxide waste. The pH was raised to 12 - 13 and the Copper was precipitated as an insoluble hydroxide. Smaller amounts of Iron (720ppm) and Nickel(27 ppm) associated in the waste were also rendered insoluble.
EXAMPLE 3
Chemical Modification
Solidified Cyanide waste from a metal heat treatment plant had a Cyanide content of 6%, and also 60 ppm of Sulphide. Large grey lumps of this solid material were treated as described above in a media (9) in which a suspension of lime in water was present to ensure alkalinity. When the lumps were broken down Sodium hypochlorite solution (15% available chlorine) was added to oxidise both cyanide to cyanate and sulphide to sulphate. 10 tonnes of waste required 12 tonnes of Sodium hypochlorite solution and 3 tonnes of lime to produce a slurry of pH 9.5-10.
EXAMPLE 4
Chemical Modification
10 tonnes of fused Barium salts as grey lumps with a pH of 10.8 were added in the process described above to a media (9) consisting of 20 tonnes of liquor from the neutralisation of mixed acid wastes, mainly sulphuric acid. As a result the slightly soluble baryta was precipitated as barium sulphate. Traces of Iron (1200 ppm), Nickel (25 ppm), Lead (39 ppm), Zinc (10 ppm) were also precipitated in the slurry which had a pHof10.
EXAMPLES Stepwise Chemical Modification
A sludge from a Zinc and Cadmium plating shop contained 4.6% Cyanide and 2.6% Copper and had a pH of 10.3. In the process described above media 9 is a suspension of 3 tonnes of lime. 10 tonnes of waste were deposited in the media so ensuring the alkalinity necessary to precipitate the Copper as well as the
Iron (420 ppm), Nickel (110 ppm), Zinc (600 ppm),
Cadmium (400 ppm), Chromium (19 ppm) and Lead (16 ppm). 16 tonnes of Sodium hypochlorite solution (15% available chlorine) were then added to the media and stirred at intervals by harrows 6 to oxidise cyanidesto cyanates.
When this was completed 1.2 tonnes of Ferrous sulphate hydrate were added to destroy the excess of Sodium hypochlorite and also to reduce the
Chromium from the Chromic to the less soluble
Chromous state. The final pH was 9.5.
Claims (8)
1. A process for pretreating hazardous waste received in containers at a waste disposal plant, such method comprising placing the containers unopened in a vessel containing a pretreatment media and submitting the containers in the vessel to an agitating process which ruptures the containers thereby depositing the contents into the vessel to be acted upon by the pretreatment media.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the agitating process is carried out in the vessel by members depending from arms rotatably driven by an upstanding shaft in the central part of the receptacle.
3. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the pretreatment media is a neutralising media.
4. A method as claimed in either Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the hazardous waste comprises a soluble hazardous component and the pretreatment media comprises a substance which reacts with the soluble component to precipitate it as an insoluble component.
5. A method as claimed in either Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the media comprises a chemically modifying agent and the waste in the containers requires chemical modification prior to solidification.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the waste contains a cyanide and the media is an oxidising agent to convert the cyanide to a cyanate.
7. A method as claimed in any of Claims 3 to 6, wherein pretreatment media are successively added to carry out more than one pretreatment step.
8. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the pretreatment media is, or is derived from, a hazardous waste.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7943663A GB2040712B (en) | 1978-12-29 | 1979-12-19 | Treatment of hazardous waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7850209 | 1978-12-29 | ||
| GB7943663A GB2040712B (en) | 1978-12-29 | 1979-12-19 | Treatment of hazardous waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2040712A true GB2040712A (en) | 1980-09-03 |
| GB2040712B GB2040712B (en) | 1982-07-14 |
Family
ID=26270103
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7943663A Expired GB2040712B (en) | 1978-12-29 | 1979-12-19 | Treatment of hazardous waste |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2040712B (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-12-19 GB GB7943663A patent/GB2040712B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2040712B (en) | 1982-07-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0013822B1 (en) | Improvements in the treatment of hazardous waste | |
| US5660730A (en) | Inertization of liquid waste, mud and solid waste containing heavy metals by sulphate-reducing bacteria | |
| US5298168A (en) | Ferrous dithionite process and composition for removing dissolved heavy metals from water | |
| US4029575A (en) | Phosphorus removal from waste water | |
| US5545331A (en) | Recycle process for removing dissolved heavy metals from water with iron particles | |
| US4422943A (en) | Method for precipitation of heavy metal sulfides | |
| NO149542B (en) | PROCEDURE FOR THE WASTE TREATMENT CONTAINING HEAVY METAL Contaminants. | |
| Maree et al. | Treatment of acidic effluents with limestone instead of lime | |
| JP2002326081A (en) | Method for making contaminated soil harmless | |
| US5702614A (en) | Fluid treatment method | |
| US3927173A (en) | Treatment of acid waste waters to produce ferromagnetic sludges | |
| JP2009066570A (en) | Method for reducing cement-based turbid water-derived chromium | |
| GB2040712A (en) | Improvement in the treatment of hazardous waste | |
| AU623777B2 (en) | Improved process for the removal of cyanide from wastewaters | |
| EP0021911B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for treating decontamination effluents coming from nuclear reactor components | |
| RU2476610C2 (en) | Extraction method of metals from metal-containing mineral raw material | |
| CA2251480A1 (en) | Waste treatment of metal plating solutions | |
| JP2010104949A (en) | Method for removing chromium from waste and chromium removal device | |
| Ganczarczyk et al. | Application of polysulfide for pretreatment of spent cyanide liquors | |
| US5676846A (en) | Process for the detoxification of effluents containing free or complexed cyanides | |
| CA2138259A1 (en) | Process for the removal of phosphorous | |
| JPH08128068A (en) | Treatment system of dredged mud | |
| JP2529212B2 (en) | Contaminated soil treatment equipment | |
| JP2001121132A (en) | Insolubilizing method of soil and industrial waste containing cyan compound and soluble heavy metals | |
| US3748124A (en) | Method for simultaneous reduction of hexavalent chromium and cementation of copper |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |