GB2040435A - Heat Exchanger - Google Patents
Heat Exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2040435A GB2040435A GB7936643A GB7936643A GB2040435A GB 2040435 A GB2040435 A GB 2040435A GB 7936643 A GB7936643 A GB 7936643A GB 7936643 A GB7936643 A GB 7936643A GB 2040435 A GB2040435 A GB 2040435A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- lining
- fabricated
- thermoplastics
- passages
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011211 glass fiber reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003625 Acrocomia mexicana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000202285 Acrocomia mexicana Species 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/0046—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
- F24S10/502—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired plates and internal partition means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/64—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of floor constructions, grounds or roads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
- F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
A heat exchanger (eg a solar heater-Fig. 2) comprises a body of cured resin or cement (15) containing a plurality of interconnecting passages (10) having closed cross-section, the passages communicating with one or more inlets and outlets and containing a fluid-impermeable internal lining (1) forming closed cross-section conduits adapted to contain a heat transfer fluid. The preferred method of production is to fabricate the lining (1) and coat the external surface thereof with curable resin or cement, in a mould (13, 14, 16). Lining (1) is preferably thermoplastics or rubber and body (15) is preferably glass reinforced concrete. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Heat Exchanger
The present invention relates to a heat exchanger and to a process for the manufacture thereof. The invention further relates to the use of the heat exchanger as a solar heater.
The present invention provides a heat exchanger comprising a body of cured resin or cement containing a plurality of interconnecting passages having closed cross section, the passages communicating with one or more inlets and outlets and containing a fluid-impermeable internal lining forming closed cross secton conduits adapted to contain a heat transfer fluid.
The body of the heat exchanger of the present invention is preferably panel-shaped and has the closed cross-section passages and contained conduits running substantially parallel to the main faces of the panel. The surface of the body can be smooth or t.extured and can be flat or profiled as desired. Preferably the surface of the body is textured and/or profiled to increase the totai surface area thereof. The texturing and or profiling can be achieved, for example, by mechanical working of the surface or preferably by moulding the surface during the manufacture of the heat exchanger.
The body of the heat exchanger of the present invention comprises cured resin or cement.
Curable resins suitably employed are, for example, conventional unsaturated polyester resin or epoxy resin formulations; for example, BP Chemicals "Cellobond" (registered Trade Mark) polyester resin. Curable (i.e. "settable") cements suitably employed in the present invention are, for example,
Portland cement, alumina cement and magnesia cement. Preferably the curable resin or cement formulation contains fibrous reinforcement.
Particularly preferred in the present invention are glass reinforced concrete formulations, for example, formulations comprising Portland cement and a zirconia-based glass fibre (commercially available as Cemfil, manufactured by Pilkington Glass Limited).
The interconnecting passages within the body of the heat exchanger of the present invention have a closed cross-sectional shape, for example circular, elliptical or square. The interconnecting passages are preferably situated so that heat transfer fluid contained within the conduits therein is widely distributed over the internal volume of the body. In a preferred embodiment the passages comprise a plurality of parallel passages with a manifold passage connected at each end, one manifold passage communicating with one more inlets and the other with one or more outlets.
The plurality of interconnecting passages contains an internal lining of fluid impermeable material. The lining is continuous )except at the one or more inlets and outlets) so that it forms a substantially gas and liquid-tight container to contain a heat transfer fluid. The lining is preferably in adherent contact with the internal surface of the passages although it can be free of said internal surface if desired. The lining is preferably plastics or rubber; most preferably it is a thermoplastics. Preferably the lining is fabricated from a material resistant to attack by conventional heat transfer liquids, e.g. water/antifreeze mixtures. Examples of suitable materials are thermoplastics, for example, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyethylene and ethylene-vinyiacetate copolymers; or natural or synthetic rubber.The internal lining is preferably in the form of a thin film having a thickness of 25 to 200 microns.
The continuous internal lining extends at least up to the one or more inlets and outlets of the body of the heat exchanger.
The present invention further provides a process for manufacturing the aforedescribed heat exchanger comprising fabricating a fluidimpermeable lining comprising a plurality of interconnecting closed cross section conduits, said conduits communicating with portions of the lining adapted to form one or more inlets and outlets thereof, coating the external surface of the lining with a curable resin or cement and allowing the body so-formed to cure.
In the process of the present invention the lining can be fabricated for example, by a pressing or blow moulding process or by joining suitably shaped sheets of thermoplastics, rubber or other fluid impermeable material. In a preferred process the lining is fabricated by placing a film of thermoplastics superjacent on a second film, and forming conduits by heat-sealing seams between the two fiims. In this preferred process the seams describe a plurality of elongated rectangles lying parallel to one another and the area of plastics film within each rectangle is removed to form a plurality of elongated voids between parallel-lying conduits.
It is a preferred feature of the process of the present invention that the interconnecting conduits of the lining have voids between adjacent conduits, the voids being subsequently filled by the curable resin or cement, thus tying the top and bottom surface together.
After the lining has been fabricated, its external surface is coated with a curable resin or cement composition. If the lining is flexible, for example, thermoplastics film, it is essential to at least partially inflate the lining with gas or liquid prior to the coating step, or subsequent to the coating step but before the coating of cement or resin has lost its workability.
The coating is preferably applied by spraying.
The minimum thickness of the applied coating is a matter of choice and will depend on a variety of factors including for example the nature of the coating compositions, the strength required in the final article and the desired shape thereof. When the coating is glass reinforced concrete, the minimum thickness of the applied coating is preferably at least 2 mm, most preferably at least 3 mm.
The applied coating can if desired have an external textured, profiled or other decorative finish produced by conventional means, for example moulding, trowelling, stippling.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention the heat exchanger is adapted to function as a solar heater. In this embodiment the heat exchanger is preferably in the form of a narrow panel. The surface is preferably dark coloured to efficiently absorb solar energy. The surface may, if desired, be profiled or textured to have the appearance of, for example, tiles or bricks so that the solar heater blends aesthetically with its environment.
Solar panels may be manufactured in accordance with the present invention which form, for example, an entire roof or a part thereof.
Such panels can be manufactured using relatively cheap materials such as for example glass reinforced concrete and polyethylene film.
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings wherein Figure 1 depicts a plan view of a thermoplastics lining and Figure 2 a cross-section through the liner after inflation thereof and coating with glass reinforced concrete.
Figure 1 depicts a thermoplastics lining made by laying together two sheets of low density polyethylene film 1 and heat-sealing the periphery at 2, 3 and 4 and the periphery of the crosshatched rectangle 5. Inlet 6 and outlet 7 are left open. The peripheral edges of the cross-hatched elongated rectangular portions 9 are heat-sealed.
All the cross-hatched portions 5 and 9 are then cut away leaving the thermoplastics lining comprising a plurality of parallel conduits 10 and inlet and outlet manifolds 11 and 12 respectively.
A shallow layer of glass fibre reinforced concrete is then introduced into a flat rectangular box mould having a base 13 and sides 14 (see Fig. 2).
The thermoplastics lining is laid flat on the layer of concrete and further concrete is sprayed above and around the lining. The lining is then partially inflated as shown in Fig. 2 by applying air pressure to the inlet and outlet (not shown) and the glass fibre reinforced concrete 1 5 is tamped down and levelled off. A lid 16 is placed on the box mould and the concrete is allowed to cure. The sides, top and bottom of the mould are then removed and the produced panel shaped heat exchanger can be utilised, for example, as a solar heater by piping up and circulating water therethrough.
Claims (25)
1. A heat exchanger comprising a body of cured resin or cement containing a plurality of interconnecting passages having closed crosssection, the passages communicating with one or more inlets and outlets and containing a fluidimpermeable internal lining forming closed crosssection conduits adapted to contain a heat transfer fluid.
2. A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 wherein the body is panel-shaped and wherein the closed cross-section passages and contained conduits are positioned substantially parallel to the main faces of the panel.
3. A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 or 2
wherein the surface of the body is textured and/or
profiled.
4. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of
the preceding claims wherein the cured resin or
cement contains fibrous reinforcement.
5. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the body is fabricated from glass reinforced concrete.
6. A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5 wherein the concrete formulation comprises
Portland cement and zirconia-based glass fibre.
7. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the interconnecting passages have a cross-section that is circular, elliptical or square.
8. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the plurality of passages are parallel to one another and have a manifold passage connected at each end, one manifold passage communcating with the one or more inlets and the other with the one or more outlets.
9. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the fluid impermeable internal lining is in adherent contact with the internal surface of the passages.
10. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the fluid impermeable lining is fabricated from thermoplastics or rubber.
1 A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein the fluid impermeable lining is fabricated from polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyethylene or an ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer.
12. A heat exchanger as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the continuous internal lining is in the form of a film having a thickness of 25 to 200 microns.
13. A heat exchanger substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
14. A process for manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising fabricating a fluidimpermeable lining comprising a plurality of interconnecting closed cross-section conduits, said conduits communicating with portions of the lining adapted to form one or more inlets and outlets thereof, coating the external surface of the lining with a curable resin or cement and allowing the body so-formed to cure.
15. A process as claimed in claim 14 wherein the lining is fabricated from thermoplastics.
16. A process as claimed in claim 14 wherein the thermoplastics lining is fabricated by blowmoulding.
17. A process as claimed in claim 14 wherein the thermoplastics lining is fabricated by placing a film of thermoplastics superjacent on a second film, and forming conduits by heat-sealing seams between the two films.
18. A process as claimed in claim 17 wherein the seams describe a plurality of elongated rectangles lying parallel to one another and the area of plastic film within each rectangle is removed to form a plurality of elongated voids between parallel-lying conduits.
19. A process as claimed in any one of claim 14 to 18 wherein the lining is fabricated from flexible thermoplastics film and wherein the lining is at least partially inflated before the coating of cement or resin loses its workability.
20. A process as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 19 wherein the coating is applied by spraying.
21. A process as claimed in any one of claims 14-1 9 wherein the coating is glass reinforced concrete.
22. A process as claimed in claim 21 wherein the coating is applied to a thickness of at least 3 mm.
23. A process for manufacturing a heat exchanger substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
24. A heat exchanger manufactured according to the process of any one of claims 14 to 23.
25. The heat exchanger claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 or claim 24 and adapted to function as a solar heater.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7936643A GB2040435B (en) | 1978-10-25 | 1979-10-23 | Heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7841921 | 1978-10-25 | ||
| GB7936643A GB2040435B (en) | 1978-10-25 | 1979-10-23 | Heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2040435A true GB2040435A (en) | 1980-08-28 |
| GB2040435B GB2040435B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=26269322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7936643A Expired GB2040435B (en) | 1978-10-25 | 1979-10-23 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2040435B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0057943A2 (en) * | 1981-02-11 | 1982-08-18 | Arnold Mischke | Method for the manufacture of a hollow concrete plate used as heat exchanging element |
| WO1985001339A1 (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-03-28 | Silkok-Peltzer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
| FR2570477A1 (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-03-21 | Dutilleux Max | Solar heating device for, and located around the curb of, a swimming pool and method for constructing the same |
| WO1987005096A1 (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1987-08-27 | Max Dutilleux | Solar heating device in curbstone for swimming pool and its fabrication method |
| US6742579B1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-06-01 | Mikhail Levitin | Freezing plate |
-
1979
- 1979-10-23 GB GB7936643A patent/GB2040435B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0057943A2 (en) * | 1981-02-11 | 1982-08-18 | Arnold Mischke | Method for the manufacture of a hollow concrete plate used as heat exchanging element |
| EP0057943A3 (en) * | 1981-02-11 | 1983-09-07 | Arnold Mischke | Method for the manufacture of a hollow concrete plate used as heat exchanging element |
| WO1985001339A1 (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-03-28 | Silkok-Peltzer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
| FR2570477A1 (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-03-21 | Dutilleux Max | Solar heating device for, and located around the curb of, a swimming pool and method for constructing the same |
| WO1987005096A1 (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1987-08-27 | Max Dutilleux | Solar heating device in curbstone for swimming pool and its fabrication method |
| US6742579B1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-06-01 | Mikhail Levitin | Freezing plate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2040435B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |