GB2037607A - Heat exchangers - Google Patents

Heat exchangers Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2037607A
GB2037607A GB7942686A GB7942686A GB2037607A GB 2037607 A GB2037607 A GB 2037607A GB 7942686 A GB7942686 A GB 7942686A GB 7942686 A GB7942686 A GB 7942686A GB 2037607 A GB2037607 A GB 2037607A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fluid
fuel
heat
heat exchange
exchange surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB7942686A
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GB2037607B (en
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB7942686A priority Critical patent/GB2037607B/en
Publication of GB2037607A publication Critical patent/GB2037607A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2037607B publication Critical patent/GB2037607B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

A process for the recovery of energy from a fluid stream comprises continuously adding fuel in such a quantity to the fluid stream that the ratio of fuel to oxygen present remains substantially stoichiometric, passing the so-produced mixture through a heat exchanger having on one or more heat exchange surfaces thereof a catalytic layer such that at least the fuel in the said mixture undergoes catalytic oxidation, and removing at least a part of the heat originally present in the fluid and of the heat produced by the catalytic oxidation. An oxygen sensor may be provided in the inlet, coupled to a means for varying the proportion of fuel in the input. The catalyst is preferably a wash-coated heat exchanger (Figure 1) with a surface layer of platinum group metal catalyst plus a base metal additive. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Heat exchangers This invention relates to heat exchangers and to means for improving their operation.
Energy may be recovered from heated waste or effluent gases, such as exhaust gases which remove heat from a process in which they are formed. The waste or effluent gases often contain gases and/or vapours which are known pollutants such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and unburntfuel.
A number of different forms of heat exchanger are known including the so-called tubular heat exchanger and the so-called rotary regenerative heat exchanger. In the latter case, a matrix comprising a plurality of juxtaposed corrugated (or alternate corrugated and plain) metal sheets is mounted for rotation relative to inlet and outlet hoods through which heated gases and gases to be heated are respectively fed into and away from the matrix.
A tubular heat exchanger usually takes the form of an array of tubes and a stream of waste or effluent gases is directed to pass externally over the tubes whilst a coolant of fluid to be heated is passed through the tubes. The tubes, usually made from mild steel, vary considerably in length and diameter, but a typical tubular heat exchanger has tubes which are eight feet in length with an internal diameter of two inches. In order to produce an extended surface area and thereby improve heat exchange, the tubes may be finned. The fins may take the form of a helix.
More commonly, however, the fins consist of pieces of sheet metal welded to the exterior of the tubes. An end view of one form of such a finned heat exchanger tube is shown in Figure 1 in which the tube is designated 2 and fourfins are designated 5, 6, 7 and 8. In this form of tubular heat exchanger, a coolant or fluid to be heated is passed through the bore 1 of the tube.
Figure 2 is a side view of the finned tube, 2.
The range oftemperatures at which heat exchangers usually operate is from approximately 2000C to 120000. One example of the use of heat exchangers at low temperature is in boilers where heat energy imparted to the heat exchanger tubes from the waste gases is used to preheat boiler feed water which is passed through the bores of the tubes via so-called headers or distributors attached to the tubes. One problem associated with heat exchangers used in this temperature range is that the mild steel tubes are attacked by any sulphur present in the waste gases. Blast furnaces, glass furnaces and kilns are examples where waste gases enter the heat exchangers at temperatures between 900 C-1200 C. The energy recovered is used to preheat air for blast or tuyeres air.The heat exchanger tubes used at these high temperatures are prone to oxidation.
Gaseous pollutants found in waste or effluent gases may generally be divided into two groups. The first group contains components which are, or will act as reducing agents and can hence be oxidised and the second, components which are or will act as oxidising agents and can hence be reduced.
Typical members of the first group are carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons formed by the incomplete combustion of fuel in the engine, hydrocarbons in the shape of unburnt but vapou rised fuel and hydrogen gas. The principal members of the second group are oxides of nitrogen, often referred to collectively as "NO,", oxygen and water vapour which latter component may be reduced to hydrogen.
An object of the present invention is to provide methods and means for the recovery of energy from waste or effluent gases and for the removal of pollutants from the said gases.
According to one aspect of the present invention a process for the recovery of energy from a fluid (i.e.
gaseous or liquid) stream comprises the continuous addition of fuel in such a quantity to the fluid stream that the ratio of fuel to oxygen present remains substantially stoichiometric, passing the so-produced mixture through a heat exchanger having on one or more heat exchange surfaces thereof a catalytic layer such that at least the fuel in the said mixture undergoes catalytic oxidation, and removing at least a part of the heat originally present in the fluid and of the heat produced by the catalytic oxidation. Where the fluid stream contains combustible vapour or droplets of combustible liquid or both as well as pollutants, catalytic oxidation or reduction thereof will also take place. Further, any heat produced will be useful heat in that it will increase the thermal energy available for use in the heat exchanger.
The fuel added to the gas stream may be a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel such as propane or methane.
It is necessary when carrying out this process for the temperature of the waste or effluent gas when it reaches the catalyst to be not lower than the "light off" temperature, that is, not lower than the minimum temperature at which catalytic oxidation of the combustible liquid and/orvapourwill be initiated.
According to a second aspect of the invention, apparatus for carrying out the method of the first aspect of the invention comprises a heat exchanger on one or more heat exchange surfaces of which there is deposited a catalytic layer, means for monitoring the oxygen content of the fluid before it enters the heat exchanger and means for adding fuel to the said fluid such that the ratio of fuel to oxygen in the fluid is substantially stoichiometric.
Suitable catalysts comprise one or more of the platinum group metals, namely, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, and iridium, or alloys containing one or more of these metals. Possible alloys are therefore those of the platinum group metals with each other or with other metals.
Preferably an intermediate layer commonly called a 'washcoat' is interposed between the catalyst layer and the heat exchanger, which comprises one or more refractory metal oxides such as beryllia, mag nesia, alumina or silica or combinations of metal The drawings originally filed were informal and the print here reproduced is taken from a later filed formal copy.
oxides such as boria-alumina or silica-alumina.
The preferred catalysts comprise one or more of the following metals platinum, rhodium and palladium of the platinum group metals and titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and the rare earths.
The heat exchanger is the means by which energy in the form of heat is transferred from the waste or effluent gases to a second fluid, the coolant. The type of coolant used will depend on the application in which the heat exchanger is being used but it is frequently air.
The catalyst is deposited on a heat exchanger with an intermetallic layer of washcoat. To enable the washcoat to stick to the surfaces of the heat exchanger the said surfaces are treated by a method described in US application Serial No. 876,565 (UK Patent Application No. 2013517A). An oxide layer can be produced on the surfaces by placing the pipes in a furnace at a temperature of between 100"C-800"C for a period of between 30 minutes and 5 hours. Athin washcoat layer is applied to the surfaces of the heat exchanger. The catalyst is applied to the surfaces coated with a layer of washcoat.
The oxide layer and the washcoat layer on the surfaces of the heat exchanger help to prevent the said surfaces being attacked by sulphur when the said heat exchanger is used at low temperature.
The gas is monitored, before entering the heat exchanger to enable fuel to be added such that the oxygen to fuel ratio is substantially stoichiometric by an oxygen or A sensor. The sensor may be similar to oxygen sensor used in the petrol injection system fitted to an internal combustion system.

Claims (10)

1. A process for the recovery of energy from a fluid stream comprises continuously adding fuel in such a quantity to the fluid stream that the ratio of fuel to oxygen present remains substantially stoichiometric, passing the so-produced mixture through a heat exchanger having on one or more heat exchange surfaces thereof a catalytic layer such that at least the fuel in the said mixture undergoes catalytic oxidation, and removing at least a part of the heat originally present in the fluid and of the heat produced by the catalytic oxidation.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the fuel is a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
3. A process according to claim 1 or2 wherein the catalyst is made from at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium and iridium, or alloys containing one or more of the said metals together with at least one other base or precious metals.
4. A process according to claim 3 wherein the heat exchange surfaces to which the catalyst is applied are pre-treated with a washcoat comprising at least one refractory oxide selected from beryllia, magnesia, alumina, boria and silica.
5. A process according to claim 3 wherein the said other metal is selected from titanium, van adium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and the rare earth metals.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the fluid is a gas.
7. Heat exchange apparatus comprising a plurality of heat exchange surfaces, means for leading a heated first fluid into direct or indirect contact with the heat exchange surfaces to impart heat thereto and means for leading a second fluid to be heated into contact with the so-heated heat exchange surfaces to heat the second fluid, characterised in that at least some of the heat exchange surfaces carry a catalytic layer, and in that the apparatus includes means for monitoring the oxygen content of the fluid before it enters the heat exchanger and means for adding fuel to the said fluid such that the ratio of fuel to oxygen in the fluid is substantially stoichiometric.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the catalyst is made from at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium and iridium, or alloys containing one or more of the said metals together with at least one other base or precious metals.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the said other metal is selected from titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and the rare earth metals.
10. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the heat exchange surfaces to which the catalyst is applied are pre-treated with a washcoat comprising at least one refractory oxide selected from beryllia, magnesia, alumina, boria and silica.
GB7942686A 1978-12-13 1979-12-11 Heat exchangers Expired GB2037607B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7942686A GB2037607B (en) 1978-12-13 1979-12-11 Heat exchangers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7848261 1978-12-13
GB7942686A GB2037607B (en) 1978-12-13 1979-12-11 Heat exchangers

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GB2037607A true GB2037607A (en) 1980-07-16
GB2037607B GB2037607B (en) 1983-05-11

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0099658A2 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-02-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Combustion devices
EP0132584A2 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-02-13 Ferdinand Lentjes Dampfkessel- und Maschinenbau Method and installation for reducing the emission of noxious matter in the flue gases of combustion plants
GB2147404A (en) * 1983-10-03 1985-05-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Air pre-heating apparatus
FR2642507A1 (en) * 1989-02-01 1990-08-03 Brunel Gerald DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE COMBUSTION OF A BURNER
FR2679602A1 (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-01-29 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Catalytic converter with support for catalyst in strip (leaf) form
EP0570933A1 (en) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Exothermic apparatus
EP0593004A1 (en) * 1992-10-16 1994-04-20 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Filter for removing pollutants from offgas
EP0629432A1 (en) * 1993-06-15 1994-12-21 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Heat transfer packing material with catalyst and/or adsorbent used for regenerative incineration
WO1997010891A1 (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-03-27 Engelhard Corporation Catalyzed packing material for regenerative catalytic oxidation
WO2006029498A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-03-23 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalytic process and apparatus for selective hydration of alkylene oxide
CN107429909A (en) * 2015-03-23 2017-12-01 西门子公司 Steam generator

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6818254B1 (en) 1995-01-20 2004-11-16 Engelhard Corporation Stable slurries of catalytically active materials
US6200542B1 (en) 1995-01-20 2001-03-13 Engelhard Corporation Method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere
US6214303B1 (en) 1995-01-20 2001-04-10 Engelhard Corporation Method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere
US6156283A (en) 1998-03-23 2000-12-05 Engelhard Corporation Hydrophobic catalytic materials and method of forming the same

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0099658A3 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-05-30 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Combustion devices
EP0099658A2 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-02-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Combustion devices
EP0132584A3 (en) * 1983-07-20 1986-05-28 Ferdinand Lentjes Dampfkessel- Und Maschinenbau Method and installation for reducing the emission of noxious matter in the flue gases of combustion plants
EP0132584A2 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-02-13 Ferdinand Lentjes Dampfkessel- und Maschinenbau Method and installation for reducing the emission of noxious matter in the flue gases of combustion plants
GB2198832A (en) * 1983-10-03 1988-06-22 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Air-preheaters
GB2198833A (en) * 1983-10-03 1988-06-22 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Air preheaters
GB2147404A (en) * 1983-10-03 1985-05-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Air pre-heating apparatus
FR2642507A1 (en) * 1989-02-01 1990-08-03 Brunel Gerald DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE COMBUSTION OF A BURNER
EP0381581A2 (en) * 1989-02-01 1990-08-08 Societe D'etude Et De Construction De Chaudieres Automatiques En Acier Seccacier Burner combustion regulation device
EP0381581A3 (en) * 1989-02-01 1991-03-27 Societe D'etude Et De Construction De Chaudieres Automatiques En Acier Seccacier Burner combustion regulation device
FR2679602A1 (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-01-29 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Catalytic converter with support for catalyst in strip (leaf) form
US5403184A (en) * 1992-05-20 1995-04-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Exothermic apparatus
EP0570933A1 (en) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Exothermic apparatus
EP0570933B1 (en) * 1992-05-20 1997-08-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Exothermic apparatus
EP0593004A1 (en) * 1992-10-16 1994-04-20 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Filter for removing pollutants from offgas
US5405423A (en) * 1992-10-16 1995-04-11 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh Filter for the separation of impurities from waste gases
EP0629432A1 (en) * 1993-06-15 1994-12-21 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Heat transfer packing material with catalyst and/or adsorbent used for regenerative incineration
WO1997010891A1 (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-03-27 Engelhard Corporation Catalyzed packing material for regenerative catalytic oxidation
US5919425A (en) * 1995-09-21 1999-07-06 Engelhard Corporation Catalyzed packing material for regenerative catalytic oxidation
WO2006029498A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-03-23 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalytic process and apparatus for selective hydration of alkylene oxide
EA011766B1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2009-06-30 Сауди Бейсик Индастриз Корпорейшн Catalytic process and apparatus for selective hydration of alkylene oxide
CN101027271B (en) * 2004-08-05 2011-03-16 沙特基础工业公司 Catalytic process and apparatus for selective hydration of alkylene oxide
US8247623B2 (en) 2004-08-05 2012-08-21 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalytic process and apparatus for selective hydration of alkylene oxide
CN107429909A (en) * 2015-03-23 2017-12-01 西门子公司 Steam generator
US20180111085A1 (en) * 2015-03-23 2018-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steam generator

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Publication number Publication date
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