GB2037606A - Laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide - Google Patents
Laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2037606A GB2037606A GB7849529A GB7849529A GB2037606A GB 2037606 A GB2037606 A GB 2037606A GB 7849529 A GB7849529 A GB 7849529A GB 7849529 A GB7849529 A GB 7849529A GB 2037606 A GB2037606 A GB 2037606A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- charge
- platinum
- palladium
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 platinum metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QIVUCLWGARAQIO-OLIXTKCUSA-N (3s)-n-[(3s,5s,6r)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5-(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl]-2-oxospiro[1h-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3,6'-5,7-dihydrocyclopenta[b]pyridine]-3'-carboxamide Chemical compound C1([C@H]2[C@H](N(C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=3C=C4C[C@]5(CC4=NC=3)C3=CC=CN=C3NC5=O)C2)CC(F)(F)F)C)=C(F)C=CC(F)=C1F QIVUCLWGARAQIO-OLIXTKCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/24—Nitric oxide (NO)
- C01B21/26—Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia
- C01B21/265—Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia characterised by the catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
A laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, and especially in the production of nitric acid, consists of two or three catalytic layers of differing chemical composition. In the first layer, reckoned in the direction of gas flow, a catalyst is used the main component of which is platinum. In the second layer a catalyst is used the main component of which is palladium in such an amount that the bond intensity, calculated for the platinum catalyst, without regard to the palladium catalyst and expressed in tons of ammonia passed per 24 hours, per square meter of the active geometrical surface, calculated for the wire diameter of the new gauge is greater than 0.25 (1 + p), where p is the absolute pressure in the ammonia oxidiser. When a three-layer arrangement is employed the additional third layer is constituted by elements the main component of which is platinum of a heat-resisting grid which minimises mechanical losses of the palladium catalyst.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide
The invention relates to a laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, especially in the process of producing nitric acid, consisting of two or three catalytic layers having differing compositions.
Three types of catalyst charge are already known forthe oxidation of ammonia, which enable the oxidation of NH3 to NO to proceed to 92-98% yield.
The first type, which is most frequently used, consists of gauzes the main component of which is platinum. It is the so-called platinum catalyst. The gauzes are made of platinum alone or of a platinumrhodium alloy, an alloy of platinum with palladium and rhodium, or, possibly, with other additions for example, ruthenium.
The amount of platinum catalyst which is necessary for achieving an economically satisfactory degree of oxidation of NH3 to NO can be determined, depending on the pressure "p" in the reactor expressed in atmospheres, on the basis of the specific load "Gj" expressed in tons of ammonia per 24 hours per square meter of active geometrical surface, calculated for the diameter of fresh wires in catalytic gauzes (t NH3/m2. d) from the equation Gj = 0.25 (1 + p). At higher load intensities of the said catalysts incomplete oxidation of ammonia and a decrease in NO output occur, and at lower load intensities an increase in platinum losses occurs without a distinct increase in NO output.
The second type of known catalyst for the oxidation of ammonia consists of non-platinum elements having a granular form e.g. tablets, in which the function of catalyst is performed by the oxides of metals, e.g. ferric, cobaltic and chromic oxides.
The third type of known catalyst consists of one layer of platinum catalyst and one layer of a nonplatinum catalyst located beneath it; thus this charge is a combination of the aforesaid first two types.
Notwithstanding the type of catalyst charge used, the production cost of nitric oxide is vitally affected by the degree of oxidation of NH3 to NO, the consumption (losses) of the catalyst per unit of the mass of oxidized ammonia, the amount of the charge, the frequency of its replacement and the price of the catalyst.
The disadvantage of the aforesaid catalyst charges containing platinum is the fact that in orderto achieve a high degree of conversion of NH3 to NO large amounts of catalyst charge are necessary; this entails great expense and high temperature in the process, resulting in considerable losses. In order to reduce the losses of platinum catalyst, after complete oxidation of ammonia, a recovery of platinum is carried out, the platinum being recovered from the post-reaction gases upon calcium oxide, on gold, on alloys of palladium with gold, and in addition,the above mentioned charges are used, in which a part of the platinum catalyst is replaced by a nonplatinum catalyst-the oxide of common metals.
Other methods are also known for reducing the charge and the losses of platinum catalyst, e.g.
patents of the companies Engelhard (German Federal Republic Patent No.2101188) and Johnson
Matthey & Co., (German Federal Republic patent No.
2239514). The said patents describe replacing the catalyst gauzes by a porous layer of a common metal. In the opinion of the present inventors, one part of such catalytic gauzes does not act as a catalyst, but is mainly designed to create resistance to flow of the gases and for equalizing the linearveloc- ity of the gases throughout the cross-section of the ammonia burner. The Johnson Matthey & Co., patent suggests also that platinum may deposit on the surface of a common metal and provide a catalytic action.
The Degussa Company has patented platinumrhodium gauzes in which part of the wires constituting the gauze are made from a common metal of higher strength (Polish patent No.94690, German
Federal Republic patent No.2341624). This invention enables extension of the catalyst life and reduction of the mass of precious metals in the charge, as well as of losses during operation. However, the said results have a limited application, mainly to these ammonia burners in which no uniform load exists, and therefore they require a certain excess of the catalyst.
There is also know a platinum catalyst on a nickel carrier (German Federal Republic patent No.
2654913). Difficult recovery of the precious metals from the used catalyst is, however, a disadvantage of this catalyst and of a catalyst using plaited wire on a common metal.
In order to reduce the mass of platinum in the catalyst charge as well as losses thereof during the process of ammonia oxidation, catalysts have been developed which have a higher content of palladium, e.g. the Russian catalyst (Polish patent No.
80399) containing 15-22% of Pd, and the catalyst of the Engelhard Company (U.S. patent No.3904740) containing 45-55% of Pd, and the catalyst of the
Degussa Company (U.S. patent No.3873675) containing 55-70% of Pd.
In the catalyst according to the present invention to achieve further reduction in the catalyst charge and loss thereof part of the platinum catalyst is replaced by a catalyst the main component of which is palladium, which we call a palladium catalyst.
The palladium catalyst has high activity, is less sensitive to contamination, is considerably less expensive and lighter in weight, and the losses in the process of ammonia oxidation are smaller than those encountered with platinum catalysts.
It was found that if such a catalyst is placed beneath a layer of platinum catalyst its activity is increased. Moreover, the palladium catalyst has the ability to retain platinum escaping from the platinum gauzes.
Thus, the substance of the invention consists in simultaneous utilization of the catalytic properties of a palladium catalyst and its ability to retain platinum.
It further consists in the fact that the activity of these catalysts increases when they are placed beneath a layer of the platinum catalyst.
In the process according to our invention the charge of the catalyst consist of two or three layers each having a different composition. The first layer, reckoned in the direction of flow of the gases, consists of elements, e.g. gauzes, the main component of which is platinum; the second layer consists of elements, e.g. gauzes, the main component of which is palladium. The third layer, when used, consists of elements, the main component of which is platinum.
Between these layers and beneath the lowest layer there may be placed spacing elements which facilitate the location of the charge in the oxidizer and the separation of the layers when the charge is removed.
However, spacing apart of the layers has a disadvantageous effect on the efficiency of the oxidation of
NH3 to NO, which has been proved experimentally.
In order to simplify the exchange of the catalyst charge in the oxidizer it is preferable for both catalysts to be in the form of gauzes. This arrangement is similar, to the recovery process for platinum developed by the Degussa and Engelhard Companies. The dis-similarity and the novelty consists in the fact that due to utilization of the catalytic properties of the palladium alloys the amount of platinum catalyst required is reduced and the zone for platinum recovery is shifted into the region of catalytic oxidation of the ammonia, which additionally contributes to an improvement in the catalytic properties of the whole charge and to an increase in the efficiency of the process (NO output). Platinum recovery in the Degussa method takes place after the gases have passed through the catalyst, i.e. after an almost complete reaction of the ammonia.Thus the catalytic properties of the unit retaining platinum are
not utilized therein. Therefore the invention as compared with the Degussa's process-provides the possibility of reducing the quantity of the platinum catalyst in the charge and in reducing losses thereof at the expense of a larger consumption of palladium which is less expensive and lighter in weight. Both platinum and palladium, and to a smaller extent-also other metals, can be retained additionally on the oxides of alkaline earth metals, mainly on calcium oxide. The palladium catalyst can also be made in forms other than gauzes, e.g. in a form of a porous layer, or it can be deposited upon a carrier.
The quantities of both catalysts should be selected individually for each oxidizer, depending upon the parameters of its operation and design, on the required degree of oxidation of NH3 to NO, and the quantities of the losses of precious metals, and the composition of the catalysts used. The ratio of the mass of precious metals present in the platinum catalyst to the sum of the mass of precious metals present in the palladium catalyst is within the range 0.05-50. The composition of the palladium catalyst is most important. The additional elements such as;
Cu, Co, Pt, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag change its activity in catalysing the oxidation of ammonia, in the ability to retain platinum and in mechanical strength. As the palladium catalyst there can also be used the known Pd 80Au20 gauzes for the recovery of platinum, produced by the Degussa and Engelhard Companies.
Due to the application of the catalyst charge according to the invention-maintaining the same degree of oxidation of NH3 to NO as with the platinum catalyst-the possibility exists of reducing the amount of the platinum catalyst by as much as one half, as well as the possibility of reducing the irretrievable losses of platinum by as much as 80%, in reducing the total mass of the catalyst charge by as much as 30%, and in reducing the total losses of precious metals by as much as 60%. The use of the catalyst charge according to the invention does not require either any changes in the reactor used for ammonia oxidation, or any changes in the parameters of the process. The greatest benefit of the invention is obtained when oxidation of NH3 to NO increase with the layer of the palladium catalyst is greater than 0.3%.
The disadvantage of the catalyst charge according to the invention is that the mechanical strength of the palladium catalysts is lower than that of the platinum catalysts. For this reason it is preferable to use, as a third layer of the charge, the platinum catalyst or other supporting element e.g. a heatresisting grid which will prevent the mechanical losses of the palladium catalyst.
In preliminary research leading to the invention palladium catalysts were used which had the following compositions: 1/ Pd-80% Au-20% Ir-traces 2/ Pd77.4% Au-I 9.6% Pt-2.9% Cu0.1% 3/ Pd-71.9% Au-19.0% Pt-8.9% Ir0.2% 4/ Pd-56.7% Au-16.6% Pt-26.5% Co-0.2% 5/ Pd-52.4% Au-i 6.1% Pt-31.2% Ag0.3% 6/ Pd-42.8% Au-14.2% Pt-42.7% Rh-0.3% The catalytic properties and the ability to retain the platinum of the said catalysts was similar.
The following example illustrated the nature of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
In the process of oxidation of ammonia at a pressure of approximately 4.7 atmos three identical oxidizers were supplied with the same ammonia-air mixture and three different catalyst systems were used.
In the first system the conventional charge was used i.e. it consisted of 4 gauzes of the platinum catalyst Pt90Rh10; in the second-the charge according to the invention, consisting of 2 gauzes of the platinum catalyst and 2 gauzes of the palladium catalyst of the Pd80Au20 alloy; and in the third-the charge consisting of 4 gauzes of the palladium catalyst Pd80Au20 which has not hitherto been used.
The diameter of the wires and the gauze meshes of all catalytic materials were the same. The specific gravity of the alloy of the palladium catalyst was approximately 0.6 of the specific gravity of the platinum catalyst. The load intensity of the catalyst was approximately 1.4 t NH,/m2 per 24 hours. After the same period of operation the average conversion of NH3 to NO obtained using the catalyst charge according to the invention was 0.5% higher than that with the platinum catalyst and 4.4% higher than that with the palladium catalyst. The loss of the mass of the platinum catalyst in the charge according to the invention was approximately 60%, while that of the palladium catalyst was approximately 10% of the loss of the mass of the platinum catalyst consisting of4 gauzes (in the first oxidizer).The gauzes of the palladium catalyst retained approximately 54% of the losses of the mass of the platinum catalyst.
The loss in the mass of the palladium catalyst in the third oxidizer was approximately 50% of the loss of the mass of the platinum catalyst in the first oxidizer.
EXAMPLE2
In a catalyst charge consisting of 7 catalytic gauzes
Pt90Rh10,the last three of which were replaced by the palladium catalyst (the charge was reduced by approximately 43%), the following data were obtained; average conversion of NH3 to NO increased by 1.1%, reduction of losses of the mass of
Pt90Rh10 catalyst by 38.5%, increase in the mass of the palladium catalyst constituting 48.5% of the loss of the mass of the Pt90Rh10 catalyst.
EXAMPLE3
The catalyst charge consisted of 7 catalytic gauzes Pt90Rhl0,three of which were replaced by the palladium catalyst, the gauzes being arranged alternatively in the charge.
The following effects were observed average conversion of NH3 to NO 1% higher, reduction in losses of the mass of the Pt90Rh10 catalyst 33.8%, increase in the mass of the palladium catalyst constituting 52.1% of the loss of the mass of the Pt90Rhl0 catalyst.
EXAMPLE4
In a catalyst charge consisting of 30 gauzes of Pt90Rh10, 20 of the gauzes were replaced by the palladium catalyst. Due to this the observed effects were: 0.4% average increase in the conversion of
NH3 to NO, reduction in the loss of the mass of the platinum catalyst was 61.3%, and an increase in the mass of the palladium catalyst constituting 0.9% of the losses of the mass of the platinum catalyst.
When only 10 platinum gauzes were replaced by palladium gauzes with the remaining parameters unchanged oxidation of ammonia resulted in 0.5% increase conversion of NH3 to NO, reduction in the losses of the platinum catalyst by 30.0% and increase in the mass of the palladium catalyst constituted 20.1% of the loss in the mass of the platinum catalyst. In another experiment carried out underthe same conditions of oxidation of NH3, the observed increase in the mass of the palladium catalyst constituted 26.2% of the loss of the platinum catalyst.
In this experiment 50.7% of the platinum was recovered, and palladium loss was 52.4% of the mass of the recovered platinum.
Claims (10)
1. A laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, and especially for the production of nitric acid, characterised in that one part of the charge, through which the reaction gases first flow, is a catalyst the main component of which is platinum, viz the so-called platinum catalyst, and the second part of the charge is a catalyst the main component of which is palladium, viz the so-called palladium catalyst, said charge containing such an amount of palladium catalyst that the load intensity, calculated for the platinum catalyst, without regard to the palladium catalyst and expressed in tons of ammonia passed per 24 hours, per square meter of the active geometrical surface, calculated for the diameter of new gauze is greater than that given by the equation Gj = 0.25(1 + p), where p is the absolute pressure in the
NH3 oxidizer.
2. A charge of a catalyst according to claim 1 characterised in that the palladium catalyst contains at least one of the metals: Cu, Co, Pt, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag.
3. A charge of a catalyst according to either of claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the palladium catalyst is in the form of gauzes, porous layers or is deposited upon a carrier.
4. A charge of a catalyst according to any of claims 1,2 or 3 characterised in that the palladium catalyst is located between layers of the platinum catalyst.
5. A charge of a catalyst according to any of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the ratio of the mass of precious metals present in the platinum catalyst to the sum of the mass of precious metals present in the palladium catalyst is within the range 0.05 to 50.
6. A charge of a catalyst according to any of the preceding claims characterised in that thin spacing elements are inserted between the layers of the platinum catalyst and the palladium catalyst.
7. A charge of a catalyst according to any of the preceding claims characterised in that the palladium catalyst is mounted on a heat-resistant supporting grid.
8. A charge of a catalyst according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the charge is mounted upon a porous ceramic element or upon an element made of heat-resisting common metal.
9. A charge of a catalyst according to claim 1 characterised in that it is placed over a layer having the ability to retain platinum metals.
10. A process forthe oxidation of ammonium to nitric oxide characterised in that a mixture of ammonium and air is passed through a charge of a catalyst according to any of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7849529A GB2037606B (en) | 1978-12-21 | 1978-12-21 | Laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7849529A GB2037606B (en) | 1978-12-21 | 1978-12-21 | Laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2037606A true GB2037606A (en) | 1980-07-16 |
| GB2037606B GB2037606B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=10501866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7849529A Expired GB2037606B (en) | 1978-12-21 | 1978-12-21 | Laminar charge of a catalyst of precious metals for oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2037606B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0364153A1 (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-18 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Metal fabrics |
| DE19543102C1 (en) * | 1995-11-18 | 1996-11-14 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Gold-free mesh, esp. recovery mesh for ammonia oxidn. to nitric acid |
| US5656567A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1997-08-12 | Pgp Industries, Inc. | Self-gettering catalysts |
-
1978
- 1978-12-21 GB GB7849529A patent/GB2037606B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0364153A1 (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-18 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Metal fabrics |
| AU612906B2 (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1991-07-18 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Metal fabrics |
| US5188813A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1993-02-23 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Metal fabrics |
| US5266293A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1993-11-30 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Metal fabrics |
| US5656567A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1997-08-12 | Pgp Industries, Inc. | Self-gettering catalysts |
| DE19543102C1 (en) * | 1995-11-18 | 1996-11-14 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Gold-free mesh, esp. recovery mesh for ammonia oxidn. to nitric acid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2037606B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |