GB2036620A - Roll for hot forming steel rod - Google Patents
Roll for hot forming steel rod Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2036620A GB2036620A GB7941196A GB7941196A GB2036620A GB 2036620 A GB2036620 A GB 2036620A GB 7941196 A GB7941196 A GB 7941196A GB 7941196 A GB7941196 A GB 7941196A GB 2036620 A GB2036620 A GB 2036620A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- carbide
- roll
- per cent
- cobalt
- tungsten carbide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A carbide roll for hot forming steel rod in a multi-stand rolling mill includes the addition of tantalum carbide to a normal tungsten carbide-cobalt roll composition. The composition by volume is approximately: tungsten carbide--65 percent; tantalum carbide--12 per cent; and cobalt--23 per cent. A dual composition is preferable, wherein the above composition forms the outer layer of the roll and an inner layer is composed of, by volume, tungsten carbide--76 per cent and cobalt--24 per cent.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Roll for hot forming steel rod
This invention concerns cemented carbide rolls for hot-forming steel rod in multi-stand rolling mills, especially in a finished rod diameter range of 7/32 inches to 1/2 inch. Carbide rolls, operating at rod temperatures typically in the 17000to 22000F range, have gained wide use in multi-stand steel-rod rolling mills and, to a large extent, have replaced chilled cast iron rolls, especially in finishing roll mill stands.
The development of twist free rod mills allowed the use of higher, more economical hot rolling speeds without sacrifice of rod product dimensions or rod surface condition. The successful introduction of cemented carbide rolls of homogeneous, singlecomposition, tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys provided a roll material capable of being designed to withstand higher rolling speeds.
The sole hard carbide constituent in these roll alloys preferred by those skilled in the art, and most successful in application, has been tungsten carbide (WC), without additions of other hard carbides, such as tantalum carbide, tantalum carbide-niodium carbide solid solution, niobium carbide, titanium carbide or tungsten carbide-titanium carbide solid solution. The addition of such carbides is widely believed to impair mechanical wear properties and mechanical toughness, both desirable properties in hot steel rod mill rolls.
The realization of the benefits of still greater rolling speeds of which improved mill design is now capable, however, requires roll materials possessing more resistance to wear induced by thermal fatigue.
Both the surface degradation of roll groove surfaces, or other working surface configuration, and massive roll fracture are related to several factors, among which a major factor is thermal cracking caused by alternate heating and cooling of the mill roll as it encounters the hot steel rod.
Thermal crack patterns on used carbide roll groove, or working, surfaces occur at every stage of the reduction process. As heat cracks form and propagate vertically downward into the subsurface carbide, the exposure of newly created carbide surfaces to cooling water which becomes hot and steam enables leaching of the cobalt binder from the crack areas of the cemented carbide roll to occur.
As thermal cracks are deepened by the twin forces of thermal crack propagation and leaching, the roll working surface wear rate increases and the rolled rod surface condition deteriorates requiring removal of the roll for grinding off the surface damage. As surface condition of rolled rod or rod dimensions approach tolerance, the roll working surfaces are ground to completely remove thermal cracks prior to reuse. Massive fracture of the roll caused by a splitting action initiated by thermal cracks may also occur.
Rolls used for slower rolling speeds and larger rolling diameters, such as pre-finishing mills and bar mills having a finished rod diameter of 1/2 inch to three inches, are subject to even greater thermal stress because thermal cycling is accelerated by longer time intervals of roll-to-work contact and cooling exposure.
Thermal cracking of working surfaces, therefore, operates as a catalyst of wear, a cause of fracture failure, and a cause of surface roughness of the rolled rod.
It is an object of this invention to provide a cemented carbide roll for hot forming steel rod in multi-stand rod or bar mills which is significantly more resistant to thermal cracking.
It is an additional object of this invention to provide a roll which possesses greater resistance to surface wear and cobalt binder leaching as evidenced by longer roll service time and greater steel tonnage rolled before removal of the roll from the mill for grinding.
According to the present invention, a cemented carbide roll can have the thermal fatigue and wear resistant properties increased by the addition of tantalum carbide to the roll composition. Preferably, the composition of the roll near its outer working surface will comprise, by volume: tungsten carbide-65 percent; tantalum carbide--12 percent; and cobalt--23 per cent; however, the composition may be in the range, by volume, of: tungsten carbide--45 to 72 percent; tantalum carbide5 to 13 per cent; and cobalt--23 to 42 per cent.
Because of the cost of the tantalum carbide, which is approximately two or three times that of tungsten carbide, it is somewhat more economical to make a dual compact roll with an outer layer as described above, but with an inner layer preferably comprised of, by volume, 76 per cent tungsten carbide and 24 per cent cobalt. The inner layer, however, may be in the range of, by volume, 24 to 43 per cent cobalt, and the balance tungsten carbide.
The invention is achieved by constructing a dualcomposition carbide roll consisting of a longerwearing peripheral or outer cemented carbide zone in which the rolling grooves, or working surfaces, are formed and possessing exceptional thermal fatigue and wear resistance derived from the incorporation of tantalum carbide (TaC) in tungsten carbide (WC)-cobalt (Co) base composition, and a mechanically tough inner support core of tungsten carbide-cobalt composition possessing a binder volume and carbide grain structure identical with or similar to that which exists in the peripheral or outer zone.
Both zones form a solid, integrated roll body with a sinter-bonded interface. Carbide-cobalt powder blends suitable for each zone are first pressed together in a powder compacting press, then sintered together as a single pressing. The use of tantalum carbide, which is normally higher in cost than is tungsten carbide, is thus restricted to the critical periperal working zone of the roll, thereby limiting its use and yet gaining a substantial improvement in acceptable service life between regrinds of the rolling groove.
The improved mill roll possesses as its principal and critical feature a dual-composition cemented carbide structure, of which the outer or rolling zone consists of a tungsten carbide-tantalum carbidecobalt cemented carbide composition and an inner or core zone of cemented tungsten carbide-cobalt having identical or similar volume per cent of binder metal.
It is recognized that dissimilarities between the zones in carbide grain size range, volume per cent of binder and binder composition may not cause an unacceptable rate of fracture failure of the roll because of inherent differences in thermal coefficient of expansion between the zones, either in use or during manufacture. Nevertheless, identical or similar per cent binder volumes, carbide grain size ranges and binder compositions in the outer and inner zones are a preferred embodiment of this invention.
Two 8.125 inch diameter single-groove identical cemented carbide rolls were made having an outer zone composition in terms of per cent by volume of tungsten carbide--65 per cent; tantalum carbide--12 per cent; and cobalt--23 per cent, integrated by means of a sinter-bonded interface with an inner cemented carbide core zone having a composition in per cent by volume of tungsten carbide--76 per cent and cobalt--24 per cent. Both zones were made to have a tungsten carbide grain size range of approximately 90 per cent 3 to 12 micron and a tantalum carbide grain size range of approximately 90 per cent 3 to 6 micron after sintering. The design density of the outer zone was 13.79 grams per cubic centimeter and of the inner zone 13.95 grams per cubic centimeter.The outer or rolling zone was 1.125 inches thick, just sufficient to provide for outer zone material both to accommodate the forming of the rolling groove and the subsequent grinding of the groove between roll passes, but without unnecessary or excessive thickness, so as to achieve the greatest posssible economy in the use of tantalum carbide.
The best 8 and 1/8 inches diameter cemented carbide finishing rolls containing, in terms of per cent by volume, 23 to 25 per cent cobalt and 75 to 77 per cent of tungsten carbide with a sintered grain size range of approximately 90 per cent 3 to 12 microns typically attain about 72 tons of steel rod production per 0.001 inches of grinding removal on the roll diameter. By comparison, the dual composition 8 and 1/8 inches finishing rolls operating in the same position and under equivalent rolling conditions achieved about 100 tons per 0.001 inches grinding removal on the first pass before the rolls were removed from the roll stand for grinding to remove thermal damage to the rolling groove surfaces.This represents a 40 per cent increase in roll service life and a significant increase in mill utilization efficiency by lessening the frequency of mill shutdowns for changing rolls.
Carbide grain size ranges typically used in rolls in accord with the current art vary according to the precepts of manufacturers; it is recognized that at least some of the economic benefit of this invention will occur independently of grain size ranges employed in the peripheral and inner zones.
Similarly, it may be foreseen that substitutions for tantalum carbide, all or in part, by binary or ternary solid solution carbides involving combinations of niobium, tantalum or hafnium, or by the monocarbides of niobium or hafnium in the peripheral or outer zone may achieve at least part of the economic benefit of this invention, owing to the relatively good thermal crack resistance of these carbides. However, tantalum carbide is a preferred embodiment of this invention because its specific gravity is very close to that of tungsten carbide thereby facilitating, as between the outer and inner zones, nearly equal shrinkage during sintering and nearly equal binder volumes and sintered densities when equal weight percentages of binder are used in the powder blend compositions, also because tantalum carbide possesses excellent resistance to heat cracking among all the hard carbides.
An incorporation of tantalum carbide, as an important hot steel rod mill roll constituent, is, in itself, both novel and useful regardless of the important economy realized from a dual-composition roll.
Therefore, it follows that a single composition roll having the same composition throughout as the peripheral zone will possess some, if not all, of the benefits of a dual-composition roll.
It is understood that the volume per cent of binder, as well as the binder composition, and the volume percentage of tantalum carbide, may be altered in either or both zones without impairing some or any of the economic benefits of this invention, and that, further, the benefits of this invention can be realized in hot rolling metals and compositions other than steel.
Modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. An improved carbide rod mill roll characterized in that the roll has an outer working surface wherein the material surrounding said outer working surface is homogeneous and is comprised of tungsten carbide, cobalt and tantalum carbide in the range of: tungsten carbide--45 to 72 per cent by volume; tantalum carbide--5 to 13 per cent by volume; cobalt--23 to 42 per cent by volume.
2. An improved carbide rod mill roll according to
Claim 1 further characterised in that the roll has an inner layer of carbide material inwardly of the material around said outer working surface, said inner layer comprising tungsten carbide and cobalt in the ranges of: cobalt--l 5 to 30 per cent by weight; tungsten carbide--balance.
3. An improved carbide rod mill roll substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. Any features of novelty, taken singly or in combination, of the improved carbide rod mill roll as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US96585978A | 1978-12-04 | 1978-12-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2036620A true GB2036620A (en) | 1980-07-02 |
GB2036620B GB2036620B (en) | 1983-05-05 |
Family
ID=25510598
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7941196A Expired GB2036620B (en) | 1978-12-04 | 1979-11-29 | Roll for hot forming steel rod |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5594457A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1119850A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2948783C2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2443294A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2036620B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1125899B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0120441A2 (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1984-10-03 | Kennametal Inc. | Roll for hot forming steel rod |
GB2169381A (en) * | 1985-01-09 | 1986-07-09 | Valmet Oy | Synthetic press role for paper machine |
US4698884A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1987-10-13 | Kennametal Inc. | Roll for hot forming steel rod |
EP0560745A2 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-09-15 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Cemented carbide roll for rolling metal strips and wire flattening |
EP0819490A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-21 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Roll for hot rolling with increased resistance to thermal cracking and wear |
WO2015136330A1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Compound roll |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6146307A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-03-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Build-up roll and its manufacture |
US4866968A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1989-09-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High strength cemented carbide dies and mandrels for a pilgering machine |
US5679445A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-10-21 | Kennametal Inc. | Composite cermet articles and method of making |
US5762843A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1998-06-09 | Kennametal Inc. | Method of making composite cermet articles |
US5541006A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-07-30 | Kennametal Inc. | Method of making composite cermet articles and the articles |
US6908688B1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2005-06-21 | Kennametal Inc. | Graded composite hardmetals |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE615262C (en) * | 1934-01-24 | 1935-07-01 | Fried Krupp Akt Ges | Drawing die made from a hard metal alloy |
US2053997A (en) * | 1935-04-19 | 1936-09-08 | Krcek Anthony | Combined electric switch and reserve fuse mounting |
US2313227A (en) * | 1938-08-04 | 1943-03-09 | Metal Carbides Corp | Roll for metal-rolling mills |
DE941869C (en) * | 1939-05-27 | 1956-04-19 | Eisen & Stahlind Ag | Use of hard metal alloys |
CH516371A (en) * | 1969-01-02 | 1971-12-15 | Sandco Ltd | Cutting insert for the machining of materials |
US3609849A (en) * | 1969-04-09 | 1971-10-05 | Jan M Krol | Forming rolls |
AT327140B (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1976-01-12 | Plansee Metallwerk | ROLLERS EQUIPPED WITH CARBIDE OR COMPLETE FROM CARBIDE, AND THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
DE2435989C2 (en) * | 1974-07-26 | 1982-06-24 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Process for the production of a wear-resistant, coated hard metal body for machining purposes |
JPS5181714A (en) * | 1975-01-14 | 1976-07-17 | Dijet Ind Co Ltd | FUKUGOCHOKOGOKINROORUOYOBI SONOSEIZOHOHO |
JPS5757525B2 (en) * | 1975-01-23 | 1982-12-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | |
DE2703261B2 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-11-16 | Roechling-Burbach-Weiterverarbeitung Gmbh, 6620 Voelklingen | Roller body made of hard metal |
DE2722271C3 (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1979-12-06 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf | Process for the production of tools by composite sintering |
-
1979
- 1979-11-23 CA CA000340553A patent/CA1119850A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-29 GB GB7941196A patent/GB2036620B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-03 JP JP15670279A patent/JPS5594457A/en active Granted
- 1979-12-04 DE DE2948783A patent/DE2948783C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-04 FR FR7929779A patent/FR2443294A1/en active Granted
- 1979-12-04 IT IT27852/79A patent/IT1125899B/en active
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0120441A2 (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1984-10-03 | Kennametal Inc. | Roll for hot forming steel rod |
EP0120441A3 (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1987-07-01 | Kennametal Inc. | Roll for hot forming steel rod |
US4698884A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1987-10-13 | Kennametal Inc. | Roll for hot forming steel rod |
GB2169381A (en) * | 1985-01-09 | 1986-07-09 | Valmet Oy | Synthetic press role for paper machine |
EP0560745A2 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-09-15 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Cemented carbide roll for rolling metal strips and wire flattening |
EP0560745A3 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-04-27 | Sandvik Ab | |
US5418049A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1995-05-23 | Sandvik Ab | Cemented carbide roll for rolling metal strips and wire flattening |
EP0819490A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-21 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Roll for hot rolling with increased resistance to thermal cracking and wear |
US5902942A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1999-05-11 | Sandvik Ab | Roll for hot rolling with increased resistance to thermal cracking and wear |
WO2015136330A1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Compound roll |
CN106163704A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-11-23 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | Composite roll |
US10399131B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2019-09-03 | Hyperion Materials & Technologies (Sweden) Ab | Compound roll |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT7927852A0 (en) | 1979-12-04 |
JPS5727162B2 (en) | 1982-06-09 |
DE2948783A1 (en) | 1980-06-12 |
DE2948783C2 (en) | 1986-04-10 |
CA1119850A (en) | 1982-03-16 |
FR2443294A1 (en) | 1980-07-04 |
JPS5594457A (en) | 1980-07-17 |
FR2443294B1 (en) | 1983-03-18 |
IT1125899B (en) | 1986-05-14 |
GB2036620B (en) | 1983-05-05 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |