GB2035531A

GB2035531A - Vehicular headlamp systems

Info

Publication number: GB2035531A
Application number: GB7935976A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp
Current assignee: CBS Corp
Priority date: 1978-10-16
Filing date: 1979-10-16
Publication date: 1980-06-18
Also published as: GB2035531B; JPS6258081B2; FR2439103A1; JPS5553801A; CA1132955A; DE2940624A1; FR2439103B1; DE2940624C2; NL7907562A

Abstract

The system comprises a single pair of headlamps, a single light source within each headlamp, and means for energizing said headlamps in unison to provide a single mode of roadway illumination for all driving conditions. Each headlamp has a reflector and a lens that direct the light rays into a light beam of controlled intensity and configuration such that (a) the left headlamp produces a beam pattern (Fig. 6) having a concentrated region of maximum light intensity which is located below the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis and has additional surrounding regions of light that provide long range illumination of the roadway in front of the vehicle, and (b) the right headlamp produces a beam pattern (Fig. 6A) having a concentrated region of maximum light intensity that is also located below the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis and has additional surrounding regions of light that provide short range illumination of the roadway as well as fill-in illumination for the center of the driving lane between the two maximum- intensity light regions, the beam intensity of the right headlamp being less than that of the left headlamp. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Vehicular headlamp systems This invention relates to vehicular headlamp systems for motor vehicles.

In an effort to provide maximum illumination of the roadway under various driving conditions without 'blinding' the drivers of other vehicles, the automotive industry has traditionally employed a headlamp system that provides 'low beam' illumination for city driving and on highways where other cars are present and a 'high-beam' mode of illumination for use in rural areas and on turnpikes where glare light is not a problem or does not constitute a safety hazard. Such headlamp systems conventionally employ either two or four head lamps which are selectively energized by switch means in the vehicle to provide the desired high-beam or low-beam illumination. Headlamp systems of both types are well known to those in the art and are presently in use on motor vehicles manufactured in this country and abroad.

A dual-headlamp automotive lighting system having switch means and lamps with light-gate-lens assemblies which permit the lamps to be operated in two or three different lighting modes is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,617,795 (Peek). Road-lighting systems for vehicles which include four headlamps that are selectively energized to provide low-beam, high-beam and turnpike-beam modes of illumination are described in U.S. Patent Nos.

3,373,311 (Neulinger et al.) and 3,818,210 (Pitkjaan).

Dual-headlamp systems for vehicles having headlamps with various combinations of lens components, baffles and light sources which reduce glare by shifting light rays from one quadrant to another to form overlapping beams, that concentrate the light rays in conical-shaped beams, or which control the light rays with an elongated housing that is fitted with a grooved lens are disclosed in U.S.

Patent Nos. 1,338,675 (Churchill); 3,102,692 (Einerman) and 3,219,809 (Bulic).

While the prior art headlighting systems were generally satisfactory from a functional standpoint in that they reduced glare light and permitted the driver of the vehicle to vary the beam pattern and light intensity in accordance with driving conditions, they were rather expensive and complicated and required large power inputs which placed a heavy burden on the vehicle's electrical system and thus reduced the overall efficiency of the vehicle.

More importantly, the beam patterns provided by such headlamp systems did not provide adequate illumination along the edges of the driving lane with the result that left-hand and right-hand turns were difficult to make and sometimes hazardous. The constant need to switch from one type of lighting mode or beam to another while driving to prevent blinding the drivers of other vehicles constitutes another serious problem with the prior art systems since it places an additional burden on the driver and frequently creates hazardous situations when a driver either forgets to switch his headlamps from high-beam to low-beam or deliberately keeps them on highbeam in order to see far enough ahead on a strange road at high speeds.

According to the present invention, a roadway lighting system for a motor vehicle comprises a single pair of headlamps mounted on the front of the vehicle and on opposite sides of its centerline so that one of said headlamps constitutes a left headlamp and the remaining headlamp a right headlamp, relative to the operator of the vehicle, a single light source within each of said headlamps, and means for energizing said headlamps including a switch for operating and de-activating the light sources in unison and thereby providing a single mode of roadway illumination that is used for all driving conditions, each of said headlamps having a reflector component and a lens component that define a housing and direct the light rays generated by the associated light sources into a light beam of controlled intensity and configuration such that (a) the left headlamp produces a beam pattern having a concentrated region of maximum light intensity which is located below the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis and has additional surrounding regions of light that provide long range illumination of the roadway in front of the vehicle, and (b) the right headlamp produces a beam pattern having a concentrated region of maximum light intensity that is also located below the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis and has additional surrounding regions of light that provide short range illumination of the roadway as well as fill-in illumination for the center of the driving lane between the two maximum-intensity light regions, the beam intensity of the right headlamp being less than that of the left headlamp.

A single pair of headlamps each containing one on-focus light source and having reflector and lens components is thus utilized to produce a composite beam pattern and a single mode of illumination used for all driving conditions and all types of roads. The individual headlamps are so designed that their beam patterns are different from one another but complement each other in such a way that they project both long range and short range high-intensity light down the roadway in front of the vehicle, as well as 'fill-in' light between the two beams and peripheral 'tails' of light which illuminate both sides or shoulders of the road-without blinding the drivers of other vehicles that are in the vicinity. The headlamps are thus not interchangeable and must be mounted in the proper relationship on the front of the vehicle.Since only a single light source (such as a coiled filament or a compact tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp) is used in each headlamp, it is efficiently coupled with its reflector component and produces the required beam intensity as well as supplemental light in critical areas of the roadway at lower power inputs-thus conserving energy and providing safer roadway illumination.

In order that the invention can be more clearly understood, convenient embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a conventional dual-headlamp system presently being used on certain types of vehicles; Figures 2 and 2A are isocandle diagrams illustrating the low-beam and high-beam patterns produced by the dual-filament headlamps employed in the prior art system shown in Fig. 1; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a conventional four-headlamp system which is also in current use on certain type vehicles; Figures 4, 4A and 4B are isocandle diagrams illustrating the low-beam and two highbeam patterns produced by the various lamps of the prior art headlamp system shown in Fig. 3;; Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a dual-headlamp system which embodies the present invention; Figures 6 and 6A are isocandle diagrams of the individual beam patterns produced by the left and right headlamps employed in the vehicular lighting system shown in Fig. 5; Figure 7 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a representative sealed-beam type headlamp which is employed in the lighting system of the present invention and contains a halogen-cycle incandescent lamp as the light source; and Figure 8 is a similar view of an alternative headlamp embodiment which uses a coiled wire filament as the light source and can also be employed in the lighting system of the present invention.

Before describing the improved headlamp system of the present invention, a brief review of the prior art systems currently in use will provide useful background information and a better understanding of the novel features of the improved system.

One of the common headlamp systems presently in use is shown in Figure 1 and consists of a pair of headlamps 10 and 1 2 that each contain a pair of light sources such as coiled filaments 13, 14 and 15, 16, respectively, and have the usual lenses and parabolic reflectors (not shown). Filaments 14 and 1 6 constitute the low-beam light sources and are positioned on the focal points of the respective reflector components of head lamps 10 and 12. The remaining filaments 13 and 1 5 are the high-beam filaments and are lo cated off-focus and generally above the low beam filaments, as illustrated. Low-beam lighting for city driving and in high density traffic is obtained by energizing both of the low-beam filaments 14 and 16.High-beam illumination for rural or turnpike driving is obtained by switching off the low-beam fila ments and energizing both high-beam fila ments 1 3 and 1 5. The headlamps are thus identical and are interchangeable.

The individual low-beam pattern produced by each of the headlamps 10 and 1 2 is shown in Fig. 2 and, as will be noted, pro vides a concentrated zone of maximum light intensity in the order of around 25,000 cand lepower (cp) that is located on the horizontal axis H-H of the lamp and slightly to the right of its vertical axis V-V. The intensity progres sively decreases outwardly from this central zone with the light being concentrated around the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis, as indicated by the fifth zone of light (approximately 5,000 cp) which is lo cated mainly in the lower righthand quadrant and extends slightly beyond the vertical and horizontal axes.The composite low-beam illu mination provided by the combined low-beam patterns of the two headlamps is thus directed to the right side of the driving lane (away from opposing vehicles) and is sharply cut off slightly above the horizontal.

In contrast, the high-beam pattern provided by each of the conventional head lamps 10 and 1 2 of the dual-lamp system is almost exactly centered on the intersection of the vertical and horizontal axes of the lamp and thus provides a concentrated zone of high intensity light (in the order of about 30,000 cp) that is aimed directly down the road in front of the vehicle. The zones of lesser light intensity spread outwardly in both directions from the central zone, as indicated by the fifth light zone (approximately 10,000 cp) that is elongated but centered along the horizontal axis H-H of the headlamp.

The aforementioned intensities for the low beam and high-beam patterns produced by a conventional dual-headlamp system are typical and require sealed beam filament-type head lamps that have a nominal rating of 1 2 volts and approximately 60 watts for the low-beam filament, and about 50 watts for the high beam filament. The total wattage for the sys tem is, accordingly, approximately 1 20 watts when in the low-beam mode and approxi mately 100 watts when in the high-beam mode.

A conventional four-headlamp system that is also in use is shown in Fig. 3 and employs two pairs of headlamps 18, 20, and 22, 24 that are located on opposite sides of the vehicle. The outboard lamps 1 8 and 24 each contain an on-focus low-beam filament 26 and 30, respectively, and an off-focus highbeam filament 25 and 29, respectively. The inboard headlamps 20 and 22 are high-beam lamps that each contain a single filament 27 and 28, respectively, that are located at the focal points of the parabolic reflectors. Lowbeam illumination is obtained by energizing the two low-beam on-focus filaments 26 and 30 in the outboard lamps.High-beam illumination is obtained by switching the outboard lamps from the low-beam filaments to the two off-focus filaments 25, 29 and simultaneously energizing the on-focus filaments 27, 28 of the inboard lamps 20 and 22, respectively.

Hence, in the low-beam mode only the two outboard lamps are in operation and all four headlamps are energized to provide the highbeam mode. Once again, headlamps 1 8 and 24 (the outboard lamps) are identical and can be interchanged. The same is true of the two inboard lamps 20, 22.

As illustrated in Fig. 4, the low-beam pattern produced by each of the outboard lamps 1 8 and 24 is quite similar to that produced by the low-beam filaments of the dual-headlamp system, except that the light is more concentrated and more uniformly distributed around the horizontal axis H-H of the lamp while still confined mainly to the right of the vertical axis V-V. The central light zone typically has an intensity of about 25,000 cp and the fifth light zone is rather compact and has an intensity of around 8,000 cp, as indicated.

The high-beam pattern produced by each of the dual-filament outboard lamps 1 8 and 24 is shown in Fig. 4A and designated 'High Beam (2)' to indicate that it relates to the lamps which contain two filaments. As will be noted, the central light zone has an intensity of approximately 12,000 cp and is located slightly to the right of the vertical axis and slightly above the horizontal axis. The fifth light zone has an intensity of about 4,000 cp and is similarly located, with the succeeding zones laterally spreading outwardly in both directions along the horizontal axis.

The beam pattern produced by each of the inboard single-filament high-beam headlamps 20 and 22 is shown in Fig. 4B and is designated 'High Beam (1)'. As will be noted, each of these lamps provides a more intense beam that has its central light zone centered on the intersection of the horizontal and vertical axes and thus provides a very powerful light beam that is aimed directly down the road in front of the vehicle and designed to give maximum illumination of the roadway regardless of its glare and blinding effect on other drivers. This is apparent frorri the fact that the central light zone typically has an intensity of approximately 30,000 cp and the fifth light zone an intensity of about 6,000 cp (as indicated), with the light being spread laterally in generally symmetrical fashion around the horizontal axis H-H.

In a typical 1 2 volt headlamp system, each of the low-beam filaments has a nominal rating of about 60 watts, the high-beam filaments in the dual-filament lamps each has a nominal rating of about 37.5 watts, and the single high-beam filament in each of the inboard lamps also has a nominal rating of about 37.5 watts. The total power input for this system is accordingly in the order of 1 20 watts for the low-beam mode and approximately 1 50 watts for the high-beam mode.

In contrast to the above-described conventional headlamp systems, the improved system of the present invention (shown in Fig. 5) employs a single pair of headlamps 32 and 34 that each contain a single on-focus light source, such as coiled filaments 33 and 35 of suitable refractory metal wire such as tungsten. Each of the headlamps consist of the usual paraboloidal reflector component and a light-controlling lens component (not shown) that are joined together along their peripheries and form a housing for the light source, in accordance with standard lamp-making practice.

However, in contrast to the aforementioned conventional headlamp systems now in use, headlamps 32 and 34 of the improved system do not have identical beam patterns but are provided with suitable lens components that produce beam patterns that are very different but complement one another, as hereinafter described. Hence, the headlamps are not interchangeable and must be mounted in the correct location on the front of the vehicle.

Since the visual effect of the different beam patterns will be easier to understand if they are described from the point of view of the driver of the vehicle, the headlamp that is located on the left side of the vehicle (as viewed by the driver) will be designated the 'left lamp' and the headlamp to the driver's right will be designated the 'right lamp'. If the headlamp system as illustrated in Fig. 5 constitutes a 'head-on' view of the system (that is, one obtained from a location in front of the vehicle), then headlamp 32 would be the 'right lamp' and headlamp 34 would be the 'left lamp'.

Since the headlamps of the improved system are not interchangeable, suitable means must be provided to distinguish the lamps from one another and ensure that they are properly installed on the vehicle. For example, key lugs of different shapes can be provided on the reflector portion of the headlamps which will fit into similarly-shaped mating recesses or slots in the fixture or part of the car in which the headlamps are mounted.

Polarized socket-and-lamp-terminal combinations can also be used for this purpose, if desired.

As shown in Fig. 6, the 'left lamp' 34 produces a beam pattern of high intensity that has a sharp horizontal cut-off, is centered to the right of the vertical axis V-V of the lamp and slightly below its horizontal axis H-H, and has a unique elongated light zone 36 of reduced intensity that extends beyond the vertical axis but is confined well below the horizontal axis. This protruding 'tail' of low intensity light provides much needed illumination along the left edge or shoulder of the driving lane without producing glare light that would blind oncoming drivers. As indicated, the central light zone has an intensity in the order of approximately 55,000 cp and is located in the lower right quadrant below the horizontal axis.The other light zones are more or less concentric with the central zone and are elongated in the direction of the horizontal axis-except the non-symmetrial zone or 'tail' 36 and succeeding zones that extend well to the left of the vertical axis. The intensity of the outer light zones decreases in a uniform manner but is still sufficient to provide good illumination far down the road in front of the vehicle, as indicated by the fact that the fifth light zone has an intensity of around 35,000 cp and the eighth light zone which defines the elongated 'tail' 36 has an intensity of 2,000 cp.

The resulting beam pattern produced by the 'left' headlamp 34 thus provides good visibility far down the roadway and along the left side of the roadway but does not produce glare light which would blind other drivers since the most intense portion of the light beam is depressed below the horizontal axis and located to the right of the vertical axis.

This headlamp thus constitutes a 'long-range' lamp which produces a powerful beam of light of the kind needed for safe driving at high speeds.

The beam pattern produced by the 'right lamp' is shown in Fig. 6A and is quite different and not as bright insofar as the central light zone is located closer but still to the right of the vertical axis V-V of the lamp and has an intensity of around 40,000 cp. In addition, a considerable portion of the light in this beam is spread laterally in both directions from the central intense zone to the left of the vertical axis and below the horizontal axis H-H-thus providing 'fill-in' light down the roadway close to the vehicle and between the two high intensity zones produced by the headlamps, as well illuminating the right-hand edge or shoulder of the road to provide improved visibility of pedestrians and when making right-hand turns.The pronounced lateral spread of the fifth light zone (4,000 cp), and resulting elongated 'tails' 37 and 38 which it and the succeeding zones form, provide the aforementioned 'fill-in' and peripheral lighting effects.

The 'right' headlamp 32 thus also produces a light beam which is intense but depressed below the horizontal and is so configured and aimed that it provides 'short range' illumination which complements the 'long range' beam battern of the 'left lamp'. The resulting composite beam is accordingly bright enough to provide adequate illumination of the central and both peripheral portions of the roadway at speeds up to 60 or 65 miles per hour and excellent visibility at the federally mandated speed limit of 55 miles per hour-with much less glare light than that produced by the high-beam patterns of the conventional dualhead lamp and four-headlamp systems now in use.

The headlamps employed in the improved headlighting system of the present invention are preferably of sealed-beam construction and contain either a compact halogen-cycle incandescent lamp or a coiled tungsten-wire filament. The headlamp L shown in Fig. 7 is of the halogen-cycle type and accordingly consists of a vitreous reflector component 40 that is molded from glass and has a specular film 41 of aluminum or similar reflective metal deposited on its inner surface. A suitable glass lens component 42 is sealed along its periphery to the glass reflector component and is so shaped that it provides a series of light-bending prisms, flutes, etc. (not shown) that are contoured and arranged to bend the light rays in the proper manner to provide the aforementioned beam patterns, in accordance with the optical and lens prescription techniques well known to those skilled in the headlamp art.

A tubular tungsten-halogen lamp 43 is supported within the paraboloidal reflector component 40 by a pair of main lead wires 44, 45 that extend through suitable openings in the back of the reflector and are electrically joined, as by brazing, to a pair of metal ferrules 46 that are hermetically sealed to bosses provided in the outer surface of the reflector. L-shaped metal terminals 47 are fastened to the respective ferrules to provide a blade-like connector that is adapted to be inserted into a suitable socket of the vehicle's electrical system. The housing or envelope formed by the sealed reflector and lens components is evacuated and filled with a suitable inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, through a tubulation (not shown) in the usual fashion and the tubulation is then tipped off.

The halogen incandescent lamp 43 is secured to the main lead wires 44, 45 by sheet metal clips 48, 49 that are slipped over the sides of the press seal and fastened to the respective lead wires. The lamp leads 50,51 are fastened to tabs at the ends of the metal clips to complete the circuit and permit the lamp filament 52 to be energized. The halogen-cycle lamp 43 is positioned so that its coiled filament 52 is substantially coincident with the focal point of the paraboloidal glass reflector component 40.

In order to prevent light rays from passing directly from the halogen-cycle lamp 43 through the lens component 42 and produc ing glare light, a suitable shield 53 of sheet metal or the like is preferably suspended in front of and in masking relationship with the filament 52 by a strap that extends from the shield and is fastened, as by spot-welding, to an extension of one of the main lead wires 45, as shown in Fig. 7.

Alternatively, the light source can comprise a coiled tungsten-wire filament 54 (as illustrated in Fig. 8) that is held within the hermetically-sealed envelope of a headlamp La by securing the filament legs to the ends of the main lead wires 44a, 45a which are fastened to the metal ferrules 46a of the reflector component 40a. As in the previous embodiment, the filament 54 is located at the focal point of the paraboloidal reflector and a metal shield 53a is attached to one of the main leads 44a to intercept direct light rays and prevent glare. The sealed envelope formed by the joined glass lens and reflector components, in this case, is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon at a suitable pressure to prevent filament oxidation.

If desired, the headlamps can also be manufactured in a manner such that the lens can be removed from the reflector component to provide a housing which is not hermetically sealed and can be dismantled to permit the halogen-cycle lamp (or conventional type incandescent lamp) to be replaced. Lamp replacement can also be effected by suitably designing the terminal assembly of the headlamp in such a way that it can be removed from the reflector and then reinserted, in which case the lens and reflector components can be permanently joined to one another.

As will also be apparent to those skilled in the art, the headlamps can be of circular or rectangular shape by properly forming the reflector and lens components so that their peripheries have the desired configuration. If circular-shaped headlamps are used, they can be of the PAR 56 type (17.78 cms. diameter).

A suitable size for rectangular-shaped headlamps is 10.16 cms. by 16.5 cms.

Since only one filament is used in each of the headlamps of the improved headlighting system and it is positioned at the focal point of the reflector, beam patterns having light intensities of the magnitude mentioned above can be achieved in 1 2 volt electrical systems with total power inputs in the order of 100 to 1 20 watts (approximately 50 to 60 watts per lamp). Due to the higher efficiencies obtained with halogen-cycle type incandescent lamps, comparable beam intensities can probably be achieved with headlamps using such halogen light sources and a total power input in the order of 70 to 100 watts or so in a 1 2 volt system (from about 35 watts to about 50 watts per halogen-cycle lamp).

In countries such as England and Japan where cars are driven on the left side of the road rather than on the right side, then the lens components of the 'left hand' and 'right hand' headlamps of the improved system as above-described will of course be transposed and the optical prescriptions of the lenses reversed in order to provide the proper individual and composite beam patterns (that is, beam patterns wherein the depressed 'tail' of light 36 extends to the right of the vertical axis and constitutes a part of the beam pattern which is produced by the 'right lamp' instead of the 'left lamp', etc.).

Claims

1. A roadway lighting system for a motor vehicle which comprises a single pair of headlamps mounted on the front of the vehicl and on opposite sides of its centerline so that one of said headlamps constitutes a left headlamp and the remaining headlamp a right headlamp, relative to the operator of the vehicle, a single light source within each of said headlamps, and means for energizing said headlamps including a switch for operating and deactivating the light sources in unison and thereby providing a single mode of roadway illumination that is used for all driving conditions, each of said head lamps having a reflector component and a lens component that define a housing and direct the light rays generated by the associated light sources into a light beam of controlled intensity and configuration such that (a) the left headlamp produces a beam pattern having a concentrated region of maximum light intensity which is located below the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis and has additional surrounding regions of light that provide long range illumination of the roadway in front of the vehicle, and (b) the right headlamp produces a beam pattern having a concentrated region of maximum light intensity that is also located below the horizontal axis and to the right of the vertical axis and has additional surrounding regions of light that provide short range illumination of the roadway as well as fill-in illumination for the center of the driving lane between the two maximum-intensity light regions, the beam intensity of the right headlamp being less than that of the left headlamp.

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein each of the headlamps also contains a shield is disposed in front of and in masking relationship with the associated light source.

3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the lens component of at least one of the headlamps is removably secured to the associated reflector component and provides a housing for the associated light source which is closed but not hermetically or permanently sealed.

4. A system according to claim 3, wherein each of the head lamps is of the non-hermetic sealed type, and each of the light sources in said headlamp comprises a compact-halogen- incandescent lamp.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein each of the reflector components is hermetically secured to the associated lens component and both of said head lamps are thus of the sealed beam type.

6. A system according to claim 5, wherein each of the light sources comprises a coiled filament of refractory metal wire.

7. A system according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein each of said reflector components is of paraboloidal configuration, each of said light sources is substantially disposed at the focal point of the associated paraboloidal reflector component, the beam pattern produced by the left headlamp includes an elongated region of less intense light that extends to the left of the maximum-intensity region and beyond the vertical axis of the headlamp and thus provides illumination for left-hand turns by the vehicle, and the additional surrounding regions of light in the beam pattern of the right headlamp are elongated laterally in each direction from the maximum-intensity region of light and thus provide illumination to the right of the vehicle and improved visibility of the right-hand periphery of the driving lane in addition to the fill-in and short range illumination.

8. A system according to claim 7, wherein each of the light sources is masked by a shield means supported at a location relative to the light source and the associated lens component that it intercepts light rays from the light source that would otherwise pass directly through the lens component.

9. A system according to claim 8, wherein the peripheral portions of the reflector and lens components of rectangular configuration.

10. A system according to claim 8, wherein the peripheral portions of the lens and reflector components are of circular configuration.

11. A system according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein each of said light sources comprises a compact tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp of tubular configuration.

12. A system according to claim 11, wherein each of the headlamps has a nominal rating of from 35 watts to 50 watts.

1 3. A system according to claim 8, wherein the paraboloidal reflector components are composed of vitreous material coated with a specular film of metal, and the lens components are also composed of vitreous material and are hermetically joined to the respective reflector components so that the headlamps are of the sealed beam type.

14. A system according to claim 13, wherein each of said light sources comprises a filament of coiled refractory wire.

15. A system according to claim 15, wherein each of the headlamps has a nominal rating of from 50 watts to 60 watts.

16. Roadway lighting systems for motor vehicles as claimed in claim 1 and substan tially as described herein with reference to I Figs. 5, 6, 6A and 7 or Figs. 5, 6, 6A or 8.