GB2031074A - High-temperature seal - Google Patents
High-temperature seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2031074A GB2031074A GB7918450A GB7918450A GB2031074A GB 2031074 A GB2031074 A GB 2031074A GB 7918450 A GB7918450 A GB 7918450A GB 7918450 A GB7918450 A GB 7918450A GB 2031074 A GB2031074 A GB 2031074A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- seal
- sheet material
- mesh
- preform
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101100130497 Drosophila melanogaster Mical gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
- F01N13/1827—Sealings specially adapted for exhaust systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/38—Meshes, lattices or nets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2581/00—Seals; Sealing equipment; Gaskets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
Abstract
A high temperature seal, particularly suitable for use in vehicle engine exhaust systems, is formed of refractory sheet material 16 which is first placed within a wire mesh sleeve 18. The sleeve is then wound into a cylindrical preform and axially compressed to provide a unified structure in which the mesh sleeve and sheet material are firmly interlocked. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Exhaust seal
The present invention relates generally to high temperature exhaust seals and, more particularly, to a composite seal including flexible refractory sheet material and wire mesh, the seal being especially useful in vehicle exhaust systems.
There are two general approaches to mounting a vehicle engine. In one approach, the engine is mounted so that its crankshaft runs longitudinally with respect to the vehicle body (hereinafter referred to as a longitudinally mounted engine). In the other approach, the engine is mounted so that its crankshaft runs transversely with respect to the vehicle body (hereinafter referred to as a transversely mounted engine). The latter arrangement is particularly useful for front wheel driven vehicles.
With regard to the exhaust systems appurtenant to these engines, it will be apparent that a particular exhaust system, which includes an engine exhaust manifold and tail pipe, will vary in its configuration depending upon the engine mounting orientation with respect to the vehicle, i.e., longitudinal or transverse.
For example, in the case of a longitudinally mounted engine, an exhaust manifold pipe extends from the engine exhaust manifold down alongside of the engine, and usually has a flange joined at its opened end which faces downward for connection to a mating flange on a tail pipe running beneath the vehicle.
With this configuration, a seal is usually disposed between the connected flanges for preventing exhaust gas leakage out around the joined flanges. Movement of the exhaust manifold, such as caused by normal operation of the engine, is fully communicated to the tail pipe by way of the joined flanges. Stresses caused by the tail pipe movement are absorbed by flexible mountings (also known as hangers) which secure the tail pipe to the underside of the vehicle body. The typical exhaust seals therefore need not absorb any of these stresses and, because of this, they are of relatively simple construction. A typical seal used in longitudinally mounted engine applications is made of cast iron, and has tapered bearing surfaces which cooperate with the surfaces of the flanges to effect a tight seal.Other seals for these applications employ a laminate construction including asbestos and perforated sheet steel. Still other conventional seals may include impregnated asbestos yarn knitted within a wire mesh, these materials being pressed together to form the seal. In some instances, no seal is used at all, the flanges themselves effecting a sealed joint when connected together.
Transversely mounted engines, however, present a more difficult problem. Usually, the exhaust manifold pipe extends downward alongside the engine and has a flange at its opened end which also faces generally downward. However, normal engine operating movement resulting from rotational momentum of the crankshaft and opposing torsional forces of the driveshaft causes the exhaust manifold pipe flange to reciprocate in such a manner that the central axis of the pipe, which is perpendicular to the plane of the flange, departs from a substantially vertical line and becomes inclined alternately towards the front and rear of the vehicle. It is necessary to use a flexible joint between the exhaust manifold and the tail pipe to absorb this movement; otherwise it will be communicated directly to the tail pipe causing intolerable stresses and strains.Such stresses and strains can cause metal fatique and accelerate failure of the tail pipe. Excessive noise can also be generated by vibrations induced by the stress reversals.
It will therefore be understood that with a transversely mounted engine, the exhaust seal in the flexible joint must be capable of permitting a degree of relative rotation between the exhaust manifold and tail pipes and still maintain an effective exhaust gas seal. Exhaust seals which are useful with longitudinally mounted engines are undesirable for use in vehicles having transversely mounted engines, because they cannot withstand the relative rotative movement and stress encountered in the flexible exhaust joints used with the latter.
An attempt to overcome this problem has been to include a section of corrugated pipe between the exhaust manifold and the tail pipe in the hopes that the corrugated section could absorb the relative rotative movement and stresses produced therebetween. In practice, this solution has not proved successful since the corrugated pipe frequently fractures as a result of mechanical fatigue under high temperature operating conditions.
A "ball and socket" type joint such as, for example, that shown in U.S. Patent No.
3,188,155, is also known to allow exhaust pipes to be sealingly joined in off axial alignment with each other. The joint disclosed in that patent, however, is not satisfactory for permitting relative rotative movement of the joined pipes, since bolts which pass through unslotted openings in the joint pressure plate cause the pipes to rotate in unison.
Another exhaust seal, for use in a flexible exhaust joint adapted to allow for relative rotative pipe movement, includes graphite sheet material surrounding perforated sheet metal. Such a seal has, however, been proven to be unsatisfactory in meeting the severe operating requirements of a flexible joint. In particular, the seal lacks structural integrity and, under normal operating stress, its com
posite layers of graphite and sheet metal tend to separate from one another causing failure of the seal.
The present invention provides an exhaust seal capable of meeting the rigorous operating requirements imposed by a flexible exhaust joint, is particularly suitable for use in transversely mounted engine exhaust systems, and can be effectively used therein as well as in many other applications which will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading of the disclosure herein.
An exhaust seal according to the present invention is produced by inserting a flexible strip of refractory sheet material within a flexible sleeve of wire mesh having open voids therein. The mesh sleeve is convolutely wound with the sheet material therein to define a cylindrical preform. The preform is then axially compressed so that the sheet material and mesh are mutually substantially deformed as they securely combine into desired form of the seal.
An important advantage of the exhaust seal according to the present invention is its unusually high resiliency which makes it particularly suitable for use in flexible exhaust joints which connect exhaust manifold and tail pipes together in vehicles having transversely mounted engines. This resiliency allows the seal to absorb a high degree of rotative stress when positioned within the flexible joint. Additionally, the present seal permits relative rotative movement of the pipe which engages its bearing surface, and still maintains an effective seal against exhaust gases passing through both of the joined pipes.
Other advantages and applications for the exhaust seal of the present invention will be apparent upon a reading of the following detailed description thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective, partially fragmented view of an exhaust seal according to the present invention, showing its component refractory and wire mesh materials extending through its cross section;
Figure 2 is a perspective, fragmented view of a flexible sleeve of the wire mesh and a flexible strip of the refractory material inserted within the sleeve, in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3 is an exaggerated, end view of a preform defined by convolutely winding the mesh sleeve with the strip of refractory material therein, according to the present invention; and
Figure 4 is an enlarged, fragmented, partially cross sectional view of the exhaust seal as taken substantially along line 4-4 in Fig. 1, schematically illustrating the mutual deformation of the mesh and refractory materials after the preform of Fig. 3 is axially compressed to form the seal, in accordance with the present invention.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, and initially to Fig. 1 thereof, an exhaust seal according to the present invention is designated generally by the reference numeral 10.
The seal 10 is in endless ring form, and has an inner radial surface 1 2 and an outer radial surface 1 4. The surfaces 1 2 and 14 are formed to sealingly engage confronting surfaces on pipes and pipe flanges to be joined to one another, respectively, including such surfaces as presented by a flexible "ball and socket" joint in an engine exhaust system. For example, inner surface 1 2 may be dimensioned to closeiy slidingly engage an outer end of a first exhaust pipe, and outer surface 1 4 may be contoured to accommodate a correspondingly flared end of a second pipe to be joined to the first for relative rotative movement.
Exhaust seal 10 includes refractory material 1 6 and knitted wire mesh 1 8. In accordance with the present invention, the refractory material 1 6 and the mesh 1 8 are mutually deformed into a desired final configuration for the seal, such as appears in Fig. 1. It will be understood, however, that seals having overall contours which differ from the seal 10 of Fig.
1 can be provided, so that various confronting surfaces can be accommodated for relative rotational movement by the seal.
Figs. 2-4 illustrate the manufacture of the seal 10 in accordance with the present invention. Basically, exhaust seal 10 is produced by placing a flexible strip of refractory sheet material 1 6 inside of and in longitudinal alignment with a knitted wire mesh sleeve or "stocking" 18, as shown in Fig. 2. Various well-known sheet refractory materials can be used for the strip 1 6 such as those including graphite or bonded mical.
The respective lengths of the strip 1 6 and mesh sleeve 1 8 are arranged to suit the finished size of the seal 1 0. The widths of the strip 1 6 and mesh sleeve 1 8 are also chosen to suit each seal design, these widths being as great as two or more times the height of the finished seal, respectively.
Mesh sleeve 1 8 is then tightly wound about a cylindrical mandril with the strip 1 6 confined therein to define a generally cylindrical preform, as depicted by 20 in Fig. 3. The outer surfaces of the mesh sleeve 1 8 are maintained in substantial contact with each other within the entire preform wall. The preform is then secured in its desired form as by stapling or welding at one or more locations through its wall.
The wound preform is then loaded into a conventional compression die (unshown) which has a cavity formed to correspond substantially to the dimensions of the finished seal 1 0. The die is designed in a well known manner so that compression force is applied axially to the preform 20. After inserting the preform into the die, an axial load is applied of sufficient force to cause it to collapse to the desired size and shape of the finished seal 1 0.
During the pressing operation, the sheet and the wire mesh sleeve are mutually substantially deformed. This causes them to become firmly interlocked to provide a high degree of mechanical stability and structural integrity to the seal 10, the sheet material permeating the voids in the mesh as illustrated in Fig. 4.
As an example, an exhaust seal including mica sheet material, having a finished height of about 0.67 inches (1.70 cm.) and an inner diameter of about 2.04 inches (5.1 8 cm.) is manufactured in accordance with the present invention as follows.
A wire mesh, about 3 inches (7.62 cm.) wide and about 23.5 inches (59.7 cm.) in length is cut from a sleeve of knitted steel mesh in which the mesh wire diameter is about 0.011 inches (.279 mm.), and the openings or voids between adjacent wires are in the range of from about 0.1 25 inches (3.18 mm.) to 0.250 inches (6.35 mm.). The cut sleeve of wire mesh is then degreased by dipping in a solvent solution or other conventional means.
A 0.015 inch (.38 mm) thick silicone bonded mica paper sheet, such as No.
22-05-25 supplied by Midwest Mica and
Insulation Company, Cleveland, Ohio, is prepared by cutting it into a strip measuring about 16.5 inches (41.9 cm.) in length, by about 2.5 inches (6.35 cm.) in width.
The cut mica strip is then inserted within the cut mesh sleeve 18 (Fig. 2), leaving about 6.75 inches (17.15 cm.) of the mesh sleeve 18 unfilled at one end. Strip 16 is then fastened in this position inside of the mesh sleeve by a staple.
Next, sleeve 1 8 is closely wound about itself with the aid of a cylindrical mandril, beginning with the unfilled end 22, as indicated in Fig. 3. After being wound, the preform thereby defined is tack welded or stapled at several locations through its wall to retain its shape when removed from the mandril.
The preform is then loaded into a conventional hand die and axially compressed with an approximately 75 ton load. After compression is relaxed, the finished seal 10 is mechanically ejected from the die, its reduction being one-fourth.
It is further noted that the seal 10 produced as described above exhibits desirable resiliency characteristics under actual operating conditions, thereby making it especially well suited for tolerating rotative movement and stress on its bearing surface while still maintaining an effective seal.
While the foregoing description has been primarily directed to applications of the seal 10 in which relative rotative movement and stress must be tolerated, it will be understood that the seal of the present invention may be effectively used in other applications, not only in the automotive field, but in marine and aviation as well, for example.
As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the present invention may be realized in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics.
The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalence of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A method of producing a high temperature seal comprising the steps of placing a flexible strip of refractory sheet material inside of and in longitudinal alignment with an elongated sleeve of flexible wire mesh having open voids of given size therein, winding said mesh sleeve with said sheet material therein to define a generally cylindrical preform of a particular height, and compressing said preform in the axial direction thereof so that said sheet material and said mesh sleeve are mutually substantially deformed as the height of said preform is substantially reduced, wherein said sheet material permeates the voids in said mesh sleeve as said material and said mesh combine to form said seal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the height of said preform is reduced by a factor of about one-fourth during said compressing step.
3. A high temperature seal comprising refractory sheet material and wire mesh having open voids of given size therein, said sheet material and said wire mesh being mutually substantially deformed after a flexible strip of said sheet material is placed inside of and in longitudinal alignment with an elongated flexible sleeve of said wire mesh to define a generally cylindrical preform, said preform being axially compressed wherein said sheet material permeates said voids as said material and said mesh combine to form said seal.
4. A method of producing a high temperature seal substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. A high temperature seal substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US94958078A | 1978-10-10 | 1978-10-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2031074A true GB2031074A (en) | 1980-04-16 |
GB2031074B GB2031074B (en) | 1982-11-03 |
Family
ID=25489275
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7918450A Expired GB2031074B (en) | 1978-10-10 | 1979-05-25 | High-temperature seal |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2926357C2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2438542A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2031074B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1123765B (en) |
SE (1) | SE7904448L (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4547434A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-10-15 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Heat-resistant shift member |
US4551393A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1985-11-05 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Heat-resistant shift member |
GB2159588A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-04 | Acs Ind Inc | Seal construction and method |
US4559249A (en) * | 1982-11-05 | 1985-12-17 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Sliding member and a method for manufacturing the same |
US4559248A (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1985-12-17 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member |
GB2327202A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-01-20 | Daido Metal Co | Sliding sheet material |
EP1772598A2 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-11 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Exhaust valve bushing |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4607851A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1986-08-26 | Metex Corporation | Method of making composite wire mesh seal |
DE3042226C2 (en) * | 1980-11-08 | 1982-11-04 | Witzenmann GmbH, Metallschlauch-Fabrik Pforzheim, 7530 Pforzheim | High temperature seal |
DE3248417A1 (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-06-28 | Feodor Burgmann Dichtungswerk Gmbh & Co, 8190 Wolfratshausen | GASKET ARRANGEMENT FOR THE ARTICULATED CONNECTION OF TWO PIPELINES, IN PARTICULAR HEATING EXHAUST PIPES |
US4462603A (en) * | 1983-03-16 | 1984-07-31 | Metex Corporation | Knitted wire mesh exhaust coupling seal with refractory metallic oxide impregnant |
JPH07101065B2 (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1995-11-01 | オイレス工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing spherical seal body for exhaust pipe joint |
JP3259903B2 (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 2002-02-25 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Cylindrical packing and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE750677C (en) * | 1938-08-02 | 1945-01-22 | Heat-resistant flat seal | |
US2398210A (en) | 1944-03-23 | 1946-04-09 | Johns Manville | Packing and method of making the same |
US3188115A (en) * | 1958-08-04 | 1965-06-08 | Gen Motors Corp | Flexible exhaust coupling including a heat dissipable washer |
US3219503A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1965-11-23 | Blair Harold | Reinforced ring of resinous material |
NL285598A (en) * | 1962-11-19 | |||
DE1775476A1 (en) * | 1968-08-16 | 1971-08-05 | Muenchener Gummiwerk Gmbh | Elastic material made of rubber, plastic or the like. for the production of seals |
DE2526182C2 (en) | 1975-06-12 | 1980-04-30 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen | Method of manufacturing a sealing ring |
US4607851A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1986-08-26 | Metex Corporation | Method of making composite wire mesh seal |
-
1979
- 1979-05-22 SE SE7904448A patent/SE7904448L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-05-25 GB GB7918450A patent/GB2031074B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-11 FR FR7914825A patent/FR2438542A1/en active Granted
- 1979-06-29 DE DE2926357A patent/DE2926357C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-04 IT IT26250/79A patent/IT1123765B/en active
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4551393A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1985-11-05 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Heat-resistant shift member |
US4559249A (en) * | 1982-11-05 | 1985-12-17 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Sliding member and a method for manufacturing the same |
US4559248A (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1985-12-17 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member |
US4547434A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-10-15 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Heat-resistant shift member |
GB2159588A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-04 | Acs Ind Inc | Seal construction and method |
GB2327202A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-01-20 | Daido Metal Co | Sliding sheet material |
GB2327202B (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-10-27 | Daido Metal Co | Sliding sheet material for high-temperature use and packing |
US6106961A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 2000-08-22 | Daido Metal Company Ltd. | Sliding sheet material for high-temperature use and packing |
EP1772598A2 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-11 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Exhaust valve bushing |
EP1772598A3 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-05-02 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Exhaust valve bushing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2926357A1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
DE2926357C2 (en) | 1982-12-02 |
IT7926250A0 (en) | 1979-10-04 |
IT1123765B (en) | 1986-04-30 |
FR2438542B1 (en) | 1985-04-12 |
FR2438542A1 (en) | 1980-05-09 |
SE7904448L (en) | 1980-04-11 |
GB2031074B (en) | 1982-11-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |