GB2030891A - Embedding particles in thermoplastic materials - Google Patents
Embedding particles in thermoplastic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2030891A GB2030891A GB7929471A GB7929471A GB2030891A GB 2030891 A GB2030891 A GB 2030891A GB 7929471 A GB7929471 A GB 7929471A GB 7929471 A GB7929471 A GB 7929471A GB 2030891 A GB2030891 A GB 2030891A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- thermoplastic material
- polypropylene
- thermoplastic
- materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
- B29C66/0222—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping without removal of material, e.g. cleaning by air blowing or using brushes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/58—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
- B29C70/64—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres the filler influencing the surface characteristics of the material, e.g. by concentrating near the surface or by incorporating in the surface by force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is concerned with the surface treatment of thermoplastic materials. Certain thermoplastic materials such as polypropylene are difficult to bond to like or dissimilar materials using conventional adhesives. In the invention, particles of dissimilar materials such as glass, PFA, sand, mica, talc, calcium carbonate or copper are embedded in the surface of the thermoplastic material (e.g. fibrillated polypropylene) to meet this problem. Thus, the thermoplastic material at a temperature near to but below the m.p. is bombarded with the particles (e.g. in a fluidised bed) which are at a temperature higher than the m.p. of the thermoplastic material.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to surface treatment
This invention relates to a method of embedding particles in the surface of a thermoplastic material.
Certain thermoplastic materials, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, are non-polar.
This makes it difficult to achieve strong adhesive bonds to like or dissimilar materials using conventional adhesives. Also, such thermoplastic materials are highly hydrophobic, which makes the use of water-based adhesives impracticable.
The hydrophobicity also increases the practical difficulties of incorporating such thermoplastic materials as reinforcements in water-based matrices such as hydraulic cements.
We have now found that the surface of thermoplastic material may be treated in such a way that the treated material may be capable of meeting the above mentioned problems of thermoplastic material.
Thus, this invention provides, in one aspect, a method of embedding solid particles in the surface of a thermoplastic material which comprises bombarding the thermoplastic material at a temperature near to but below its melting point with solid particles which are at a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic material, the particles being of a material which is dissimilar to the thermoplastic material.
The particles give up thermal energy to the surface of the thermoplastic material causing local melting which enables the particles to become firmly embedded in the surface. The depth to which the particles become embedded and hence their degree of adhesion can be controlled by control of the relative temperatures of the thermoplastic material and of the particles and also by means of the particular method of embedding the particles which will be discussed hereinafter.
As indicated above, a particular, but not necessarily exclusive, application of thermoplastic materials treated by the method of our invention is to enable such materials to be successfully bonded to dissimilar materials. For example, we have found that fibrillated polypropylene which has been treated by the method of our invention may be bonded strongly to cementitious materials.
The polypropylene constitutes a reinforcement for the cementitious material, the fracture characteristics of which are thereby radically modified.
The thermoplastic material is preferably polypropylene or polyethytene. Other examples of suitable thermoplastic materials are polysulphone, polycarbonate, nylon and various thermoplastic copolymers.
As stated above, the particles are of a material which is dissimilar to the thermoplastic material.
By "dissimilar" is meant that the materials are substantially chemically inert with respect to one another under the conditions under which the method of our invention is carried out.
The particles may conveniently be of a refractory material. Examples are glass, pulverised fuel ash, sand, mica, talc and calcium carbonate.
The particles may have a variety of sizes; particular examples lie within the range of 1,um to 1 OO,um mean diameter.
The particles may be embedded in the thermoplastic material by a number of techniques known in the art. We prefer to use a fluidised bed technique wherein the thermoplastic material is bombarded by immersing it in a fluidised bed of the particles. A fluidised bed technique enables the particles to be applied uniformly to surfaces of the thermoplastic material whatever the spatial orientation of such surfaces. Also, in some circumstances, for example where fine filaments are to be treated as in the case of fibrillated polymers, it may be desirable to maintain a suspension of hot particles in a relatively cool current of carrier gas to avoid a heat transfer to the relatively small mass of polymer.This may be achieved, using a fluidised bed technique, by feeding the polymer into the fluidised bed at a level below that at which the bed is heated so that heat transfer takes place primarily via the solid particles and not via a carrier gas. Alternatively, it may be possible to combine fluidisation techniques with inductive or dielectric heat processes so that particles are heated rapidly in a narrow zone close to the polymer while the carrier gas remains relatively cool.
Examples of other techniques which may be used for embedding the particles in the thermoplastic material are flame and plasma spraying.
The invention will now be particularly described by way of example only as follows.
EXAMPLE 1
Two strips of polypropylene sheet of dimension
100 mm x 25 mm x 3 mm thick were immersed
in a fluidised bed of spherical glass beads of mean diameter 50ftm. The bed temperature was
1 800C and the immersion time was 20 sec. After this treatment the original polished polypropylene surface had a matt appearance and examination under the optical microscope revealed that the surface was covered with glass spheroids embedded in the polypropylene to a depth approximately equal to their radii.
After brushing off superfluous spheres the two strips were bonded together over a 25 mm overlap length with a commercial two-part epoxide resin adhesive mixed, applied and cured at 600C for 1 hr. The joint was then tested in lap shear and failed at a load of .441 N equivalent to a shear stress of 0.68 MNm-2.
By way of comparison, no adhesion at all was achieved in an attempt to bond untreated polypropylene sheet of the same type with the same adhesive.
EXAMPLE 2
Similar strips of polypropylene to those described in Example 1 were successfully coated under the same fluidised bed conditions quoted in
Example 1 using hollow spheres of pulverised fuel ash of mean diameter 50,us.
EXAMPLE 3
Glass spheres (Ballotini) of mean diameter 3#m were heated to a temperature of N1 800C in a fluidised bed in which was immersed for a few seconds a sample of fibrillated polypropylene having a mean filament diameter of ~75cm. The fibrillated polypropylene was supplied by
Plasticisers Ltd. of Bradford and was of a type used for cement reinforcement in "Polypropylene films in cement based materials", I Mannant. D. J., Zonzveld, J. J., and Hughs, D. C., Composites, 9, 83, 1978. Microscopic examination of the polypropylene filaments indicated that large numbers of beads had become embedded in the polypropylene surface or attached to hair-like fibrils emanating from the main filaments.
EXAMPLE 4
The procedure of Example 3 was repeated using mica instead of glass spheres. The results obtained were essentially similar.
EXAMPLE 5
A sample of fibrillated polypropylene similar to that described in Example 3 was laid on a bed of ordinary Portland cement powder heated to 1 800C and more heated powder was sprinkled on top of the polypropylene so as to completely cover it. The powder was then lightly compacted with a hand roller for a few seconds. The polypropylene was then removed from the powder, excess was dusted off and the material was examined under the microscope. Large numbers of cement particles were seen embedded in the surface of the polypropylene. In this case it is believed that compaction assisted local melting of the polypropylene at points of contact with the angular shaped cement particles, since it is known that the melting point of solids is decreased by the application of pressure or stress.
EXAMPLE 6
Spherical copper particles of mean diameter 1 OOym were heated to a temperature of 2200C and then poured over the surface of a strip of polypropylene sheet 0.3 mm thick. Those particles directly in contact with the polypropylene surface induced local melting and became embedded, providing an electrically conductive metallised surface suitable for subsequent electroplating or low temperature soldering operations.
Claims (9)
1. A method of embedding solid particles in the surface of a thermoplastic material which comprises bombarding the thermoplastic material at a temperature near to but below its melting point with solid particles which are at a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic material, the particles being of a material which is dissimilar to the thermoplastic material.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic material is polypropylene or polyethylene.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the thermoplastic material is fibrillated polypropylene.
4. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the particles are of a refractory material.
5. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the particles have a mean diameter in the range of 1#m to 1 OO#m.
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the thermoplastic material is bombarded by immersing it in a fluidised bed of the particles.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the thermoplastic material in the form of a fibrillated polymer is fed into the fluidised bed at a level below that at which the bed is heated.
8. A method of embedding particles in the surface of a thermoplastic material substantially as described herein with reference to any one of the examples.
9. A thermoplastic material the surface of which has been embedded with particles by a method according to any of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7929471A GB2030891B (en) | 1978-08-23 | 1979-08-23 | Embedding particles in thermoplastic materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7834339 | 1978-08-23 | ||
| GB7929471A GB2030891B (en) | 1978-08-23 | 1979-08-23 | Embedding particles in thermoplastic materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2030891A true GB2030891A (en) | 1980-04-16 |
| GB2030891B GB2030891B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
Family
ID=26268643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7929471A Expired GB2030891B (en) | 1978-08-23 | 1979-08-23 | Embedding particles in thermoplastic materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2030891B (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4710540A (en) * | 1986-01-03 | 1987-12-01 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Composition for preparing cement-adhesive reinforcing fibers |
| US4861812A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-08-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions for preparing cement-adhesive reinforcing fibers |
| GB2227688A (en) * | 1988-12-17 | 1990-08-08 | Harold Birkett | Improved method for applying protective covering to surfaces |
| EP0387825A2 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-19 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Weighted reinforcing fibre and mixture for fibre reinforced building materials, process for their fabrication and use |
| EP1044939A1 (en) | 1999-04-13 | 2000-10-18 | Redco S.A. | Shaped fibrous cement products and reinforcement fibers for such products and method for treating such fibers |
| WO2003024882A2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-27 | Rhodianyl | Material comprising an inorganic matrix such as cement, mortar, gypsum plaster or concrete, reinforced with microfibres |
| WO2010032048A1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Iti Scotland Limited | Polymer articles and process for fabrication thereof |
| WO2017201623A1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Banthia Consulting Services Ltd. | Polymer fibers for reinforcement of cement-based composites |
| EP3517515A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-31 | Omnicor - Manufacturas Internacionais de Cordoarias, Lda | Fiber bundle for reinforcement of a cementitious matrix, its uses and method of obtention |
| US11332892B2 (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-05-17 | Omachron Intellectual Property Inc. | Patio blocks and method of providing a UV coating |
| US11674270B2 (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2023-06-13 | Omachron Intellectual Property Inc. | Plastic paver blocks |
-
1979
- 1979-08-23 GB GB7929471A patent/GB2030891B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4710540A (en) * | 1986-01-03 | 1987-12-01 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Composition for preparing cement-adhesive reinforcing fibers |
| US4861812A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-08-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions for preparing cement-adhesive reinforcing fibers |
| GB2227688A (en) * | 1988-12-17 | 1990-08-08 | Harold Birkett | Improved method for applying protective covering to surfaces |
| GB2227688B (en) * | 1988-12-17 | 1993-08-18 | Harold Birkett | Improved method for applying protective covering to surfaces |
| EP0387825A2 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-19 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Weighted reinforcing fibre and mixture for fibre reinforced building materials, process for their fabrication and use |
| EP0387825A3 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1991-07-17 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Weighted reinforcing fibre and mixture for fibre reinforced building materials, process for their fabrication and use |
| EP1044939A1 (en) | 1999-04-13 | 2000-10-18 | Redco S.A. | Shaped fibrous cement products and reinforcement fibers for such products and method for treating such fibers |
| WO2003024882A2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-27 | Rhodianyl | Material comprising an inorganic matrix such as cement, mortar, gypsum plaster or concrete, reinforced with microfibres |
| WO2010032048A1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Iti Scotland Limited | Polymer articles and process for fabrication thereof |
| WO2017201623A1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Banthia Consulting Services Ltd. | Polymer fibers for reinforcement of cement-based composites |
| US10947156B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2021-03-16 | Neocrest Llc | Polymer fibers for reinforcement of cement-based composites |
| US11634361B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2023-04-25 | Neocrest Llc | Polymer fibers for reinforcement of cement-based composites |
| EP3517515A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-31 | Omnicor - Manufacturas Internacionais de Cordoarias, Lda | Fiber bundle for reinforcement of a cementitious matrix, its uses and method of obtention |
| US11332892B2 (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-05-17 | Omachron Intellectual Property Inc. | Patio blocks and method of providing a UV coating |
| US11674270B2 (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2023-06-13 | Omachron Intellectual Property Inc. | Plastic paver blocks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2030891B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |