GB2023423A - Composition for killing soil habitant pests and micro-organisms causing diseases of farm crops - Google Patents

Abstract

As a pesticide in agriculture it has been found that disadvantages inherent in the use of o-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl- N- gamma -carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate can be overcome by the use of a combination of (I) 0-2,4,5- trichlorophenyl-N- gamma - carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate and (II) o-ethyl-S-n-propyl-o- phenylthiophosphate as active principles for killing soil-inhabitant pests and pathogenic micro-organisms causing diseases of farm crops.

Description

SPECIFICATION Composition for killing soil-inhabitant pests and micro-organisms causing diseases of farm crops The present invention relates to the agriculture and, more specifically, it relates to chemicals intended for protection of farm crops from soil habitant pests and microorganisms.

In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that disadvantages inherent in the use of 0 - 2,4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate can be overcome by the use of a combination of (I) 0-2, 4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate and (II) O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - 0 - phenylthiophosphate as active principles for killing soil-habitant pests and pathogenic microorganisms causing diseases of farm crops.

The composition according to the present invention intended for killing soil - habitant pests and pathogenic microorganisms causing diseases of farm crops is prepared by mixing the two above mentioned compounds (I) 0 - 2, 4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a - carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate and (11) 0 - ethyl - S - n - propyl - 0 - phenyl thiophosphate with a carrier. This mixture of said components has an enlarged spectrum of its effect and provides a possibility of killing at a time several types of harmful organisms.

In accordance with the present invention, a method of killing soil - habitant pests and pathogenic microorganisms causing diseases of farm crops consists in the use of pesticidal and fungicidal effective amounts of the composition containing (I) 0 - 2, 4,5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate and (II) O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - 0 - phenylthiophosphate against said pests and microorganisms.

The mixed soil-treating composition contains a mixture of the above-mentioned ingredients in a ratio therebetween, i.e. (I) : (II), ranging from 1:1 to 1:4, preferably from 1:2 to 1:4.

The composition according to the present invention may contain 0.5 to 90% by weight of the above-mentioned mixture as the active principle.

Preparation of the composition according to the present invention is effected in a conventional manner by way of intermixing of the active components (I) and (II) with an appropriate carrier simultaneously with the addition thereto of a solvent or diluent which is inert in respect of the active ingredients. The active principles can be used in the following working (preparative) forms: Solid working forms: dusts, powders, granulates, capsules impregnated and homogeneous granulates.

Water- dispersed master batches: Wettable powders, pastes, emulsions.

Liquid working forms: solutions.

For the preparation of solid working forms (i.e.

dusts, powders, granulates), the active principles are mixed with solid carriers. As such carriers use may be made of, for example, kaolin, talcum, bole, loess, chalk, limestone, attaclay, dolomite, diatomous earth, precipitated silicic acid, alkaline- earth silicates, sodium - and potassium - aluminiumsilicates (feldspar and mica), calcium and magnesium sulphates, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea; ground vegetable products such as bran, bark- dust, sawdust, ground nut shells, cellulose powder, residues of vegetable extracts, active charcoal, and the like; said carriers can be used either separately or in various combinations.

The particle size of the carrier for dusts should be at most 0.1 mm, for powders of from 0.075 to 0.2 mm, and for granulates 0.2 mm and more.

Concentration of the active principle in solid preparative forms ranges from 0.5 to 90% by weight To these mixtures there may be admixed additives providing a stabilizing effect on the active principle, and/or nonionic, anionic and cationic substances.

Water - dispersed master batches of the active principles such as wettable powders, pastes and concentrates of emulsions comprise forms which can be diluted with water and brought to any desirable concentration. They may include said active principles, a carrier, stabilizing additives, surfactants, anti-foaming agents and solvents. Concentration of the active principles in such forms may be varied within the range of from 5 to 90% by weight.

Wettable powders and pastes may be prepared by mixing the active principle with a dispersing agent and a powderlike carrier in an appropriate apparatus to obtain a homogeneous mixture, followed by grinding.

As the carriers use may be made of substantially the same carriers as used for solid preparative forms. In some cases it is preferable to use mixtures of different carriers. As dispersing agents use may be made of, for example, condensation products of sulphonated naphthalene and sulphonated derivatives of naphthalene sulphonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, as well as alkaline, ammonium, and alkali - earth salts of ligninsulphonic acid, then alkylarylsulphonates, salts of alkali and alkali - earth metals of dibutylnaphthalenesulphonic acid, sulphates of aliphatic alcohols, such as salts of sulphatized hexadecanol, heptadecanol, octadecano I and salts of su Iphonated ether of glycol and aliphatic alcohols, sodium salt of allylmethyltauride, di - tert. acetylene glycol, dialkyldilauroylammonium chloride, and alkali or alkali - earth salts of fatty acids.

As antifoaming agents use may be made of, for example, silicones.

The active principles are mixed with the above mentioned additives, milled, screened and rubbed in such a manner that a particle size (of solid particles) would not exceed 0.02 to 0.04 mm in the case of wettable powders and 0.03 mm for pastes. To produce master batches of emulsions and pastes use is made of the same dispersing agents as mentioned hereinabove as well as organic solvents and water.

As the solvents use may be made of alcohols, benzene, xylene, toluene, dimethylsulphoxide and fractions of mineral oils boiling within the range of from 120 to 350". The solvent shou Id be substantially odorless, non - phytotoxic, inert with respect to the active compound and relatively inflammable.

Furthermore, the compositions of the present invention may be applied to soil in the form of solutions. In doing so, a mixture of active ingredients (I) and (II) is dissolved in suitable organic solvents, mixtures of solvents and in water. As organic solvents use may be made of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated derivatives thereof, alkylnaphthalenes, mineral oils per se or mixtures thereof. The solutions should contain the active principles in a concentration ranging from 1 to 20% by weight.

The novel composition according to the present invention can be used for killing soil pests and microorganisms both in the liquid and solid preparative forms. Especially preferred for application to soil are such forms which ensure a uniform distribution of the active principle in the soil layer to a depth of from 15 to 25 cm. The method of use of the composition according to the present invention as well as the preparative form employed depend on the nature of soil - habitant pests and microorganisms as well as on climate and soil composition. Since the novel composition according to the present invention is not phytotoxic and does not affect germinating power of seeds, it may be applied without taking into account a so-called waiting period, i.e. directly prior to sowing of right after.

Investigation of a biological activity of the soil treating composition according to the present invention has shown that the composition has a wider range of action than each of the components separately at a higher efficiency compared to that of each individual component. The effect of the composition according to the present invention is by 2 - 4 times as high as the effect of each individual component both against diseases caused by soil - habitant infectants and against soil-habitant pests, thus resulting in a substantial growth of yield of farm crops.Thus, a composition containing a mixture of (I) 0 - 2,4,5 trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphona and (II) O - ethyl - S - n - propyl -0 - phenylthiophosphate in the ratio of 1:4 respectively results in an increase of cotton yield by 10-12 centers per hectare. A great advantage of the composition according to the present invention resides in the absence of any detrimental effect on useful microorganisms of the soil.

The highest synergetic effect is revealed in the case of a composition containing the mixture of said active principles (I) and (II) in the ratio of 1:4.

The synergism factor is calculated by the Ulster method (Quinolate V - Vx desinfectant integral dessemenses de Ele orge avoine, 1972), i.e. using the formula: activity of the mixture Synergism factor total activity of individual compo nents The following Examples illustrate the use of preparative forms, wherein use is made of mixtures of active ingredients (I) and (II), all parts being parts by weight.

Wettable powders To prepare wettable powders, the following ingredient mounts are used, parts by weight: (a) 40 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O - phenylthiophosphate; 10 parts of 0 - 2, 4, 5, trichlorophenyl - N - a - carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 5 parts of a concensation product of a mixture of naphthalene - and benzene - sulphonic acids with formaldehyde; 5 parts of dibutylnaphthalenesulphonic acid; 5 parts of chalk; 20 parts of silicic acid; 15 parts by weight of kaolin; (b) 20 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O - phenylthiophosphate; 20 parts of 0 - 2,4,5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate;; 1 part of dibutylnaphthalenesulphonic acid; 5 parts of sodium salt of ligninsulphonic acid; 2 parts of a mixture of chalk and hydroxyethylcellulose in the ratio of 1 :1; 30 parts of kaolin; 22 parts by weight of sodium aluminium silicate; (c) 20 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O - phenylthiophosphate; 5 parts of 0 - 2,4,5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 5 parts of a sodium salt of oleylmethyltauride; 2.5 parts of a condensation product of naphthalene - sulphonic acid with formaldehyde; 0.5 part by weight of carboxymethylcellulose; 5 parts of neutral potassium - aluminium silicate; 62 parts of talcum;; (d) 5 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - 0 - phenylthiophosphate, 5 parts of 0 - 2,4,5 trichlorophenyl - N - er- carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 1 part of dibutylnaphthalenesulphonate of sodium; 4 - parts of sodium salt of ligninsulphonic acid 2 parts of hydroxymethylcellulose; 10 parts of sodium - aluminium silicate; 23 parts of chalk; 50 parts of kaolin.

The active principles in a mixture with additive and carriers are blended in mixers and ground in mills and rolls. A wettable powder is prepared which upon dilution with water may give a suspension of any desired concentration. Such suspensions may be used for the soil-treatment prior to sowing or planting of cotton, sugar beet, tobacco, citrus plants, bananas and grain crops.

Dusts For the preparation of dusts the ingredients are i used in the following amounts, parts by weight: (a) 5 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - 0 - phenylthiophosphate; 5 parts of 0 - 2,4,5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 5 parts of finely divided silicic acid; 85 parts of talcum; (b) 4 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - 0 - phenylthiophosphate; 1 part of 0 - 2, 4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a - carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 95 parts of talcum; (c) 1 part of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O - phenylthiophosphate;; 1 part of 0 - 2, 4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N-a- carboethoxyethylamidomethylth iophosphonate; 1 part of a finely - divided silicic acid; 97 parts of talcum.

The active principles are mixed with carriers and ground. The resulting dusts may be used, for example, for treating soil prior to sowing.

Pastes For the preparation of pastes the following compounds are used: 30 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O - phenylthiophosphate; 15 parts of 0 - 2, 4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 5 parts of sodium - aluminium silicate; 14 parts of cetyl - polyglycol ether (with 8 moles of ethylene oxide); 2 parts of spindle oil; 10 parts of polyethyleneglycol; 24 parts of water.

The active principles are mixed with additives in a suitable apparatus and then ground. A paste is obtained which upon dilution with water can give a suspension of any desired concentration.

Emulsion concentrate To prepare an emulsion concentrate the following components are mixed: 20 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O - phenylthiophosphate; 5 parts of 0 - 2,4,5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 5 parts of a mixture of nonylphenolpolyoxyethylene and calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate; 35 parts of isophorone (3, 5, 5 - trimethyl - 2 cyclohexen - 1 - one) 35 parts of dimethylformamide.

This concentrate may be diluted with water to obtain an emulsion of any required concentration.

Granulates To prepare granulated compositions according to the present invention use is made of the following components, parts by weight: (a) 2.5 pa rts ofO-ethyl-S-n-prnpyl-O- phenylthiophosphate; 2.5 parts of 0 - 2,4,5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 0.25 part of epichlorohydrin; 0.25 part of cetylpolyglycol ester; 3.50 parts of polyethyleneglycol; 91 parts of attapulgite with a particle size of from 0.3 to 0.8 mm; (b) 20 parts of O - ethyl - S - n - propyl - O phenylthiophosphate; 10 parts of O - 2. 4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N-a- carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate; 70 parts of tripoli.

The active compounds are mixed with epichlorohydrin ora paraffin and dissolved in 6 parts by weight of acetone, whereinto polyethyleneglycol and cetylpolyglycol ester are added. The resulting solutions are poured onto a solid carrier, and the acetone is then evaporated in vacuum. The thus prepared granulates are suitable for the soil -treatment prior to sowing of vegetable crops, sugar beet, cane, cotton.

The following are Examples illustrating efficiency of the composition according to the present invention in treating diseases and killing pests of farm crops given in comparison with the effect produced by individual components.

Example 1 Into Koch dishes with soil infection is introduced as oats inoculated with Rhizoctonia Solani and ground in a conventional laboratory mill at the rate of 50 g per m2. The soil is thoroughly intermixed with the infected material and 2 days afterthe composition according to the present invention is introduced thereinto, followed by thorough mixing. Into the thus-prepared soil (in the case of control the soil is only infected) sowing of cotton seeds of the 108-F variety is effected. Upon sprouting the percentage of plants with the rhisoctoniosis disease is calculated.

The test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Activity of the composition against rhisoctoniosis of cotton Active principle content, kg/ha Inhibition Synergism compared to factor ll I + II the control, 10 0 10 5.8 0 10 10 1.8 10 10 20 25.8 2.1 0 50 50 20.0 10 40 50 84.5 3.9 5 Disease development in the control, % 41.5 Example 2 Into Koch dishes with soil infection is introduced in the form of a suspension prepared from a 14-days culture of fungus Thielaviopsis basicola grown on a potato- dextrose agar in test- tubes. Into each Koch dish there are added 5 ml ofthethus-prepared suspension and mixed with the superficial layer of the soil (1 cm). Into the infected soil treating compositions are introduced with the interval of 1 day and again thoroughly mixed with the soil.On the following day seeds of thin-fibre cotton of the 5904-l variety are sown into the soil. 400 seeds are sown in each test. Upon sprouting percentage of the plants affected with the disease is calculated. The test results are shown in Table 2 hereinbelow.

Table 2 Activity of the compositions against black root rot of cotton Active principle content, kg/ha Inhibition Synergism compared to factor II I + II the control, 10 0 10 14.0 0 10 10 5.1 0 40 40 10.0 10 10 20 52.0 1.7 10 40 50 89.8 3.98 Disease development in the control, % 52 Example 3 Into pots with the soil taken from cotton fields strongly infected with nematodes there are introduced compositions according to the present invention, thoroughly intermixed with the soil, whereafter seeds of thin-fibre cotton are sown into said pots (5904-l variety). After sprouting the plants are subjected to continuous observations. In the stage of blooming of the cotton, infection of the root system with nematode is evaluated. Activity of the compositions is evaluated by percentage of plants affected with the disease. The test results are shown in Table 3 hereinbelow.

Table 3 Activity of compositions against Gallic nematode Active principles content, kg/ha Inhibition Synergism II I + II compated to factor the control, 10 0 10 2.0 0 10 10 10.0 10 10 20 30.8 2.5 10 40 50 71.0 2.5 0 40 40 25.0 Disease development in the control,% 14.8 Example 4 In the region of cotton rotation under field conditions a mixture of the active principles land II is introduced into the soil priortosowing. After several days seeds of cotton of the variety 108-F are sown.

Upon sprouting, germination power of the seeds and affection of the plants with root rot are evaluated. The test results are shown in Table 4 hereinbelow.

Table4 Active of the mixture of(I) and (II) active principles against infectants of root rot and their effect on germination power of cotton seeds Rate of Germination Affected Compound application power of with root kg/ha seeds, % rot, % Control - 68.4 38.5 50% pentachloronitrobenzene 100 75.3 12.5 111 50% active principle 12.5 78.5 6.8 25.0 79.0 4.3 /11150% active 12.5 70.0 18.5 principle 25.0 71.5 13.5 /1/1 0%+11111 0% emulsion 12.5 81.5 1.0 master batch 25.0 83.5 0.5 /I/1 0%+/ll/40% emulsion master batch 12.5 85.0 1.1 25.0 84.8 0.4 /I/20%+/11130% wettable powder 12.5 86.5 0.8 25.0 85.8 0.2 /1110%+/ll/10% granulated 12.5 88.0 1.2 25.0 84.5 1.0 As seen from Table 4, the mixture of compounds (I) and (II) provides a higher efficiency than each component taken individually.

ExampleS Tests are performed in the cotton rotation field.

Compositions are introduced into the soil priorto sowing. Sowing of cotton seeds (naked, treated with a 20% 2, 4, 5 - trichlorophenolate of copper - TCPC) of the variety 108 - F is effected by means of a four - row cotton planter at the sowing rate of 30 kg/ha. From the moment of sprouting and to the harvest observations are made as to germination power of cotton seeds (number of plants per 1 linear meter of a row), affection with the disease and pests, formation of fetus members. The data of the experiments are shown in Table 5 hereinbelow.

Table 5 Activity of a mixture of compounds (I) and (II) against diseases and pests of cotton under field conditions

Compound Rate of Number Affected Affected Number Yield of application, of plants by root byturnip offetus raw cotton, kg/ha per one rot, % moth, % members cent/ha linear per 1 plant (1-st harvest) metre Control - 8 24.6 8.7 8 28.0 SO%l I 12.5 8 0.13 11.4 9 30.0 25.0 8 0.14 5.5 9 31.0 10%l -l 12.5 7 0.49 1.6 8 34.0 +10%ll 25.0 8 0.53 0.4 8 38.0 10% l 12.5 8 0.19 1.0 8 4.0 +40% lp 25.0 7 0.16 0.1 8 42.0 50 /O II c.e. 12.5 5 1.8 7.6 9 30.0 25.0 7 1.0 2.7 8 29.0 500/oD TMTthiuram 100 7 0.3 9.7 7 31.5 100% PCNB 100 5 1.7 7.7 8 30.4 Carbathione 1000 6 2.8 3.1 7 30.2 * TMTD-tetramethylthiuram disulphide The test results shown in Table 5 hereinabove make it possible to conclude that mixtures of (I) and (II) are superior over individual components in respect of their efficiency against root rot and turnip moth.Under field conditions standard compositions (TMTD, PCNB, carbathione) are inferior to the mixtures according to the present invention in their efficiency, even when taken in doses exceeding by 48 times those of the compositions according to the present invention.

Example 6 With the view to study the effect of the mixture according to the present invention on basic groups of soil microflora in a region of cotton rotation field, mixtures of the compounds according to the present invention are brought into the soil and the amount of microorganism in the soil is determined at the moment of application of the compounds and after 20,40 and 60 days since the incorporation of the compositions into the soil. The test results are shown in Table 6 hereinbelow.

Table 6 Active of compositions with respect to useful microflora Compound Rate of Mln. per 1 g of the soil application, kg/ha fungi bacteria actino (by a.p.) mycet Controls - 0.088 1.0 0.0063 II 25 0.087 1.0 0.0058 1 25 0.084 1.0 0.0068 II +1(4:1) 25 0.090 1.0 0.0085 40% carbathione 500 0.0022 0.5 0.0002 80% mylon 100 0.0028 0.8 0.0003 As follows from the data given in Table 6 hereinabove individual components and mixtures thereof as taken in their highest doses do not possess any activity against basic groups of useful microflora.

Claims (4)

1. A composition for killing soil-habitant pests and microorganisms causing disease of farm crops containing (I) 0 - 2,4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a - carboethoxyethylamidomethylthiophosphonate and (II) O - ethyl - S - n - propyl -0 - phenylthiophosphate.

2. A composition for killing soil - habitant pests and microorganisms causing diseases of farm crops containing, as active ingredients, pesticidal and fungicidal active amounts of a mixture of (I) 0 - 2,4, 5 - trichlorophenyl - N - a! - carboethoxyethylamidomethylth iophosphonate and (II) O - ethyl - S - n - propyl -0- phenylthiophosphate, wherein a ratio between the components (I) and (II) is varied within the range of from 1:1 to 1 :4, and an inert carrier.

3. A composition as claimed in Claim 2, which contains active ingredients in an amount of from 0.5 to 90% by weight.

4. A composition for killing soil - habitant pests and microorganisms causing diseases of farm crops, substantially as described hereinabove and illustrated in examples.