GB1597152A - Spraying apparatus - Google Patents
Spraying apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1597152A GB1597152A GB18167/77A GB1816777A GB1597152A GB 1597152 A GB1597152 A GB 1597152A GB 18167/77 A GB18167/77 A GB 18167/77A GB 1816777 A GB1816777 A GB 1816777A GB 1597152 A GB1597152 A GB 1597152A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- gun
- particulate material
- pump
- canister
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C14/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
- F04C14/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
- F04C14/26—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves using bypass channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/0093—At least a part of the apparatus, e.g. a container, being provided with means, e.g. wheels or casters for allowing its displacement relative to the ground
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
- B05B7/1431—Arrangements for supplying particulate material comprising means for supplying an additional liquid
- B05B7/1436—Arrangements for supplying particulate material comprising means for supplying an additional liquid to a container where the particulate material and the additional liquid are brought together
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/2489—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device
- B05B7/2494—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device a liquid being supplied from a pressurized or compressible container to the discharge device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C13/00—Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
- F04C13/001—Pumps for particular liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
- F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
- F04C2/1071—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type
- F04C2/1073—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type where one member is stationary while the other member rotates and orbits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
- B05B7/262—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device a liquid and a gas being brought together before entering the discharge device
- B05B7/267—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device a liquid and a gas being brought together before entering the discharge device the liquid and the gas being both under pressure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The spraying unit can serve for spraying rubber granules in synthetic resin in order to produce a wear covering with special properties on the floor. The spraying unit consists of a motorised pump (8), an air compressor (7) and a spray nozzle (20). Between the feed tube (18) and a return tube (18a) for the synthetic resin/granule mixture, an adjustable throttle valve (19) is present by means of which, when the pump is driven, a part of the mixture is always fed back to the supply vessel (4) for mixing and is thereby continuously stirred. <IMAGE>
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO SPRAYING APPARATUS
(71) We, SPORTPLATZMASCHINBNBAU SCHAFER GmbH, a Company organised under the laws of the Federal Republic of
Germany, of 7901 Voehrimger Strasse,
Illerrieden, West Germany, do hereby declare the invention, which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The present invention relates to spraying apparatus, in particular a spraying apparatus for the spraying of a mixture of rubber granules and/or elastic substances in a resin which is sprayed onto a substantially horizontal surface to provide a wearing surface on the ground for the playing or performing of sports such as for example, tennis badminton, athletics and such like. It will be appreciated that there is a need to provide an all weather surface for playing such games as tennis and badminton and similar or for providing surface for running tracks which the surface provide a relative amount of friction with the shoes of a player and which at the same time provides a soft feel, i.e. it is not too hard and furthermore which is all weather in the sense that water does not remain on the surface after rain, but soaks or drains through.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a surface which is porous and which has resilience and has friction, and the present invention is concerned with apparatus for the spraying onto a foundation, a mixture consisting of granules of rubber of given size and a resin.
According to the present invention there is provided a spraying apparatus for spraying a mixture consisting of a resin and particulate material, including a pump for conveying the resin-particulate material mixture from a canister containing said mixture to a spray gun, means for supplying compressed air to the spray gun for projecting the resin/particulate material from the spray gun in droplet form, control means for varying the amount of said mixture sprayed from the gun and a bypass passageway for returning to said canister at least a portion of said mixture being conveyed by the pump toward the spray gun, characterized in the provision of a support area for receiving the canister, a platform located above the support area and from which a pump is suspended, the platform being movable relative to the support area to enable the pump to be lowered or raised relative to the support area for entry into or removal from the canister. The droplets desirably are between 1 and 5 mm in apparent diameter.
Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of apparatus according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a pump assembly according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the gun head according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of the bypass circuit in use with the present invention; and
Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a pump assembly of the kind for use with this invention.
Referring firstly to Figure 1, a base 1 is provided with ground engaging wheels 2 which is supported on bifurcated swivels 3 so that the base 1 may be moved in any direction over the ground. As shown in Figure 1 a canister 4 containing the mixture of resin and particulate material to be sprayed onto the ground is supported on the base 1. Upstanding from the base 1 are a pair of upright supports 9 which have pivoted thereto a platform 8. The platform 8 carries a pump assembly comprising an eccentric-worm pump 5 powered by an electric motor 6. The platform 8 is pivoted relative to the upright 9 so that the pump assembly 5 maybe raised and lowered relative to the base 1 to allow it to be removed from or entered into a canister 4, containing resin 26, an air compressor 7 in the form of a high pressure turbine is secured to the upright 9 for provision of compressed air.
Referring now to Figure 2, the pump assembly consists of the electric motor 6 which drives a shaft 11 located in bearings 10 secured in an appropriate housing. The shaft 11 is connected to an intermediate shaft 12 which has keyed to an extendable shaft 13 which is similarly keyed to a shaft 14 which is similar to the shaft 12. By the provision of the key shaft 13, the length of the pump assembly may be varied at will. The axis of rotation of the pump shaft is substantially vertical. The shaft 14 is secured to a screw 15 by a spigot 25. The screw 15 rotates within a member 16 which is cylindrical in external appearance but has a screwed bore, such that as the member 15 rotates therein a screw effect internally of the member 16 is obtained screwing and lifting the resin and particulate material mixture which enters at the foot of the member 16 up into a space 23 defined within the casing 5. In Figure 5, the screw 15 is shown within the member 16 which is of a plastics material having self lubricating properties. A space 27 is defined by the internal walls of member 16 and the screw 15 so that as the screw rotates within said bore it forms an enclosed space which is moved towards the end of the member 16 as the screw 15 rotates.
The resin and particulate material mixture so lifted is then expelled through a flange 21 to which is connected an appropriate hose. The resin and particulate material mixture is conveyed down a flexible pipe 18 to a gun head 20. A valve 19 in the pipe 18 is provided for varying the amount of resin/particulate material mixture fed into the gun 20. The compressor 7 provides a source of compressed air at the gun 20 via a flexible pipe 17. Consequently, by adjusting the valve 19, the amount of resin/particulate material mixture delivered by the gun head 20 may be varied.
An air valve 28 is located at the gun to vary the amount of air entering the gun. Therefore adjustment of air valve 28 enables the size of droplets of resin to be adjusted.
It will be appreciated that as the pump continues to operate resin/particulate material mixture is fed to the gun and if the resin is not being expelled therefrom a build up of pressure will occur. In order to overcome this problem, a by-pass passageway is provided, as illustrated in Figure 4, commmunicating with pipe 18 and pipe 1 8a which connects to the gun 20. The by-pass passageway includes a pipe 24 having a variable throttle valve 22.
The pipe 24 returns the resin and particulate material mixture to the canister 4. It will be appreciated therefore that if the valve 22 is fully open, and valve 19 is closed no resin is being emitted from the gun 20, and that the pump serves to circulate resin/particulate material mixture within the canister thereby providing a stirring action for mixing purposes. On opening the valve 19 of the gun, and on closing partially the throttle valve 22, the amount of resin/particulate material mixture fed to the gun 20 and the pressure at which it is fed to the gun may be adjusted. Thus in use, a portion of the pumped resin/particulate material mixture is returned to the canister which thus maintains a stirring action within the canister.
The member 16 will preferably be made of a plastics or synthetic rubber which is unaffected by the solvents necessary to cleanse the apparatus after use. All the components of the apparatus are suitably wear resistant to the attack of solvents and of the resins and other materials which are needed for the spraying of the rubber granules onto the ground to provide a wear surface.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. Spraying apparatus for spraying a mixture consisting of a resin and particulate material, including a pump for conveying the resin/particulate material mixture from a canister containing said mixture to a spray gun, means for supplying compressed air to the spray gun for projecting the resin/particulate material from the spray gun in droplet form, control means for varying the amount of said mixture sprayed from the gun and a by-pass passageway for returning to said canister at least a portion of said mixture being conveyed by the pump toward the spray gun, characterized in the provision of a support area for receiving the canister, a platform located above the support area and from which a pump is suspended, the platform being movable relative to the support area to enable the pump to be lowered or raised relative to the support area for entry into or removal from the canister.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the by-pass passageway includes a variable throttle valve operable for adjusting a portion of said mixture which is returned to said canister.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the platform is pivotally connected to support members extending upwardly from the support area.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the pump is mounted so that the axis of rotation is substantially vertical.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein said support area is provided with ground engaging wheels.
6. Spraying apparatus substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (6)
1. Spraying apparatus for spraying a mixture consisting of a resin and particulate material, including a pump for conveying the resin/particulate material mixture from a canister containing said mixture to a spray gun, means for supplying compressed air to the spray gun for projecting the resin/particulate material from the spray gun in droplet form, control means for varying the amount of said mixture sprayed from the gun and a by-pass passageway for returning to said canister at least a portion of said mixture being conveyed by the pump toward the spray gun, characterized in the provision of a support area for receiving the canister, a platform located above the support area and from which a pump is suspended, the platform being movable relative to the support area to enable the pump to be lowered or raised relative to the support area for entry into or removal from the canister.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the by-pass passageway includes a variable throttle valve operable for adjusting a portion of said mixture which is returned to said canister.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the platform is pivotally connected to support members extending upwardly from the support area.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the pump is mounted so that the axis of rotation is substantially vertical.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein said support area is provided with ground engaging wheels.
6. Spraying apparatus substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB18167/77A GB1597152A (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1977-04-30 | Spraying apparatus |
DK178478A DK178478A (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-04-25 | APPLIANCE FOR APPLYING A MIXTURE OF MOLDING AND GRANULATED MATERIAL |
NO781440A NO781440L (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-04-25 | DEVICE FOR SPRAYER APPLIANCE. |
SE7804759A SE7804759L (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-04-26 | APPARATUS FOR SPRAYING A MIXTURE OF PLASTIC AND PARTICULARS OF RUBBER AND / OR ELASTIC MATERIAL |
CH460178A CH629978A5 (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-04-27 | Spraying unit |
DE19782819429 DE2819429A1 (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-04-28 | EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SPORTS AREA FLOOR OR DGL |
FR7812803A FR2388602A1 (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-04-28 | PERFECTED SPRAY DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB18167/77A GB1597152A (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1977-04-30 | Spraying apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1597152A true GB1597152A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
Family
ID=10107814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB18167/77A Expired GB1597152A (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1977-04-30 | Spraying apparatus |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH629978A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2819429A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK178478A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2388602A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1597152A (en) |
NO (1) | NO781440L (en) |
SE (1) | SE7804759L (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2230020A1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-22 | Techtronic Power Tools Technology Limited | Paint sprayer |
CN109385948A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-26 | 山西长达交通设施有限公司 | A kind of MMA colour does not say or talk thin layer laying device and method for paving |
CN113737328A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-03 | 安徽日发纺织机械有限公司 | Additive gas supply device and spinning system |
CN114029187A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-11 | 浦发成型焊片(常州)有限公司 | Prefabricated soldering lug processingequipment |
CN115106216A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-27 | 南京工业大学 | Spraying device |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024035718A2 (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-02-15 | Graco Minnesota Inc. | Multi component floor surface dispensing rig |
-
1977
- 1977-04-30 GB GB18167/77A patent/GB1597152A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-04-25 NO NO781440A patent/NO781440L/en unknown
- 1978-04-25 DK DK178478A patent/DK178478A/en unknown
- 1978-04-26 SE SE7804759A patent/SE7804759L/en unknown
- 1978-04-27 CH CH460178A patent/CH629978A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-28 DE DE19782819429 patent/DE2819429A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-04-28 FR FR7812803A patent/FR2388602A1/en active Granted
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2230020A1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-22 | Techtronic Power Tools Technology Limited | Paint sprayer |
US8651397B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2014-02-18 | Techtronic Power Tools Technology Limited | Paint sprayer |
CN109385948A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-26 | 山西长达交通设施有限公司 | A kind of MMA colour does not say or talk thin layer laying device and method for paving |
CN113737328A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-03 | 安徽日发纺织机械有限公司 | Additive gas supply device and spinning system |
CN114029187A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-11 | 浦发成型焊片(常州)有限公司 | Prefabricated soldering lug processingequipment |
CN114029187B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-09-27 | 浦发成型焊片(常州)有限公司 | Prefabricated soldering lug processingequipment |
CN115106216A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-27 | 南京工业大学 | Spraying device |
CN115106216B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-08-18 | 南京工业大学 | Spraying device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK178478A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
FR2388602B3 (en) | 1980-12-26 |
CH629978A5 (en) | 1982-05-28 |
SE7804759L (en) | 1978-10-31 |
DE2819429A1 (en) | 1978-11-09 |
FR2388602A1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
NO781440L (en) | 1978-10-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2794867C (en) | Underwater treadmill and integrated jet device and method for selectively controlling an underwater treadmill system | |
US6533189B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for spraying truck bed liners | |
US3805815A (en) | Pool cleaning apparatus | |
US4570607A (en) | Tennis ball throwing machine with continuously rotatable barrel having friction strip on one side only of inner wall | |
KR101443857B1 (en) | Appararus and Process for painting lane of the road with two liquid type | |
US4561133A (en) | Jet stream device | |
US3820173A (en) | Circulator for circulating water in receptacles | |
GB1597152A (en) | Spraying apparatus | |
EP0803270A3 (en) | Exercise apparatus having impeller for use in water | |
US2705171A (en) | Fog spray applicator | |
US20040140379A1 (en) | Pressure washer assembly | |
CN208563902U (en) | A kind of external wall spraying prosthetic device | |
AU2011200124B2 (en) | Cleaning apparatus | |
ES8201671A1 (en) | Apparatus for producing plastering mortar and applying it by spraying | |
CN108837641B (en) | On-vehicle haze processing apparatus is used to municipal administration environmental protection | |
WO2003041805A3 (en) | Rotary foam nozzle | |
US2677576A (en) | Spraying apparatus | |
CA2088221A1 (en) | Irrigation Apparatus | |
US4345544A (en) | Apparatus for forming lines on an athletic playing field or court | |
GB2142546A (en) | Soccer ball practice machine | |
CN112317198A (en) | Outdoor high-efficient repair equipment of soil of inferior quality | |
EP0396118A3 (en) | Delivery fitting for hydromassage bath tub | |
KR100523590B1 (en) | Portable misting apparatus of agricultural liquid chemicals | |
CN221132815U (en) | Automobile paint spraying equipment | |
CN221769151U (en) | Chemical spraying mechanism for termite control |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |