GB1596410A - Liquid membranes and process for uranium recovery therewith - Google Patents
Liquid membranes and process for uranium recovery therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1596410A GB1596410A GB50901/77A GB5090177A GB1596410A GB 1596410 A GB1596410 A GB 1596410A GB 50901/77 A GB50901/77 A GB 50901/77A GB 5090177 A GB5090177 A GB 5090177A GB 1596410 A GB1596410 A GB 1596410A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- uranium
- emulsion
- phase
- transfer agent
- ions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 81
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 uranium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 76
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007591 Tilia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BWZOPYPOZJBVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium glycinate Chemical compound O[Al+]O.NCC([O-])=O BWZOPYPOZJBVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCIGVHCNNXTQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O SCIGVHCNNXTQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000409 membrane extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/38—Liquid-membrane separation
- B01D61/40—Liquid-membrane separation using emulsion-type membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
- C22B60/026—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries liquid-liquid extraction with or without dissolution in organic solvents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/007—Recovery of isotopes from radioactive waste, e.g. fission products
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75441776A | 1976-12-27 | 1976-12-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1596410A true GB1596410A (en) | 1981-08-26 |
Family
ID=25034707
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB50901/77A Expired GB1596410A (en) | 1976-12-27 | 1977-12-07 | Liquid membranes and process for uranium recovery therewith |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5382661A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE862084A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1103227A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2758546A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2374931A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1596410A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IT (1) | IT1090367B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| ZA (1) | ZA777333B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2121394A (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1983-12-21 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Method of recovering zinc using a water-in-oil emulsion |
| US4595415A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-06-17 | Lindsay Finishes, Inc. | Drier catalyst for coating compositions |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2961011D1 (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1981-12-24 | Occidental Res Corp | Extraction process using stabilized emulsions |
| CA1191696A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1985-08-13 | Paul L. Valint, Jr. | Liquid membrane process for uranium recovery |
| CA1194320A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1985-10-01 | Paul L. Valint, Jr. | Liquid membrane process for uranium recovery |
| CA1195508A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1985-10-22 | Paul L. Valint, Jr. | Liquid membrane process for uranium recovery |
| FR2522276A1 (fr) * | 1982-02-26 | 1983-09-02 | Elf Aquitaine | Procede d'extraction liquide-liquide de metaux a l'aide d'une microemulsion, a partir d'une solution aqueuse |
| FR2531102B1 (fr) * | 1982-07-30 | 1986-08-14 | Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Uran | Procede d'extraction de l'uranium des acides phosphoriques par les acides alkylpyrophosphoriques |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3779907A (en) * | 1970-04-13 | 1973-12-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Liquid membrane process for the separation of aqueous mixtures |
| US3711591A (en) * | 1970-07-08 | 1973-01-16 | Atomic Energy Commission | Reductive stripping process for the recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid |
| AU461247B2 (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1975-05-22 | Esso Research And Engineering Company | Liquid membrane process forthe separation of aqueous mixtures |
| US4002716A (en) * | 1973-08-23 | 1977-01-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Sulfide precipitation method of separating uranium from group II and group III metal ions |
| GB1502157A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1978-02-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Liquid membrane formulations and uses thereof |
-
1977
- 1977-12-07 GB GB50901/77A patent/GB1596410A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-08 CA CA292,682A patent/CA1103227A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-08 ZA ZA00777333A patent/ZA777333B/xx unknown
- 1977-12-19 JP JP15282577A patent/JPS5382661A/ja active Granted
- 1977-12-20 BE BE183649A patent/BE862084A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-23 IT IT31194/77A patent/IT1090367B/it active
- 1977-12-23 FR FR7738962A patent/FR2374931A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-12-23 DE DE19772758546 patent/DE2758546A1/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2121394A (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1983-12-21 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Method of recovering zinc using a water-in-oil emulsion |
| US4595415A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-06-17 | Lindsay Finishes, Inc. | Drier catalyst for coating compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2374931B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1984-08-31 |
| ZA777333B (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| CA1103227A (en) | 1981-06-16 |
| FR2374931A1 (fr) | 1978-07-21 |
| DE2758546A1 (de) | 1978-06-29 |
| JPS613293B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1986-01-31 |
| JPS5382661A (en) | 1978-07-21 |
| IT1090367B (it) | 1985-06-26 |
| BE862084A (fr) | 1978-06-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |