GB1596019A - Lattice structure and method of making the same - Google Patents

Lattice structure and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1596019A
GB1596019A GB1974077A GB1974077A GB1596019A GB 1596019 A GB1596019 A GB 1596019A GB 1974077 A GB1974077 A GB 1974077A GB 1974077 A GB1974077 A GB 1974077A GB 1596019 A GB1596019 A GB 1596019A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
booms
girders
lattice
transverse
lattice structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1974077A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kwikform Ltd
Original Assignee
Kwikform Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kwikform Ltd filed Critical Kwikform Ltd
Priority to GB1974077A priority Critical patent/GB1596019A/en
Publication of GB1596019A publication Critical patent/GB1596019A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1936—Winged profiles, e.g. with a L-, T-, U- or X-shaped cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1951—Struts specially adapted therefor uninterrupted struts situated in the outer planes of the framework
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO A LATTICE STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME (71) We, KWIKFORM LIMITED, a British Company of Waterloo Road, Birmingham, B25 8LE do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to a lattice structure, and to a method of making the same, which may be used in a roof or floor structure in a building or in a shuttering element in the construction of concrete or like structures.
Objects of the invention are to provide a new and improved lattice structure and method of making the same.
According to one aspect of the present invention we provide a lattice structure comprising a first set of spaced-apart parallel pairs of booms, each pair comprising an upper boom and a spaced parallel lower boom connected together by a plurality of spaced parallel transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms at an acute angle relative thereto in a plane containing the booms, the planes containing adjacent pairs of booms of the first set being oppositely inclined, a second set of spacedapart parallel pairs of booms, each pair comprising an upper boom and a spaced parallel lower boom connected together by a plurality of transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms in a zig-zag configuration, the lower booms of the second set extending transversely to and above the lower booms of the first set and being connected thereto. the upper booms of the second set extending transversely to and below the upper booms of the first set and being connected thereto, and the booms and transverse members of each pair of booms of the second set lying in parallel planes which are inclined to the booms of the first set in a direction opposite to the transverse members of the first set to form a triangulated spaced-frame structure.
Preferably the transverse elements of the two sets form a right pyramidal structure.
Preferably the lattice girders are preformed.
At one end of each pair of the first set of booms there may be a transverse element connected between the upper and lower booms and inclined in the opposite direction to the remainder of the transverse element connected between said upper and lower booms.
The lattice structure may be connected to a laminar facing element to provide a shuttering element.
According to another aspect of the invention we provide a method of making a (triangulated) lattice (space-frame) structure comprising providing a first set of lattice girders, each girder comprising an upper boom and a lower boom connected together by a plurality of spaced parallel transverse members which extend between booms at an acute angle relative to the booms, adjacent pairs of booms of the first set being oppositely inclined, arranging the girders of said first set in spaced-apart relationship with their longitudinal axes parallel, providing a second set of lattice girders, each girder comprising an upper boom and a lower boom connected together by a plurality of transverse members which extend between the booms in zig-zag configuration in a plane containing the booms, arranging the girders of the second set so that each girder extends transversely of the girders of the first set between the upper and lower booms thereof with the upper and lower booms of each girder of the second set lying in spaced parallel planes the girders of the second set being inclined at an acute angle to the upper and lower booms of the first set of girders and in the opposite direction to the transverse members of the first set and connecting the upper and lower booms of the girders of the first set to the upper and lower booms respectively of the second set where the booms cross to provide said triangulated space-frame structure.
The girders of the second set may be arranged as specified above by introducing each girder of the second set longitudinally between the upper and lower booms of the girders of the first set at a position between adjacent transverse members of the first set, with the booms of the girders of the second set being inclined at a greater acute angle than said acute angle, and then rotating and manoeuvring the girders of the second set to reduce said greater angle to said acute angle and to engage the upper and lower booms of the girders of the second set with the upper and lower booms respectively of the girders of the first set at positions selected to provide said triangulated structure.
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view of a shuttering element comprising a lattice structure embodying the invention, Figure 2 is an end elevation of the element of Figure 1. and Figure 3 is a side elevation of the element of Figure 1.
Referring to the Figures a lattice structure incorporated in a shuttering element for use in the construction of a concrete structure is illustrated. It should be appreciated however if desired the lattice structure shown in Figure 1 may be used for other purposes and that the invention may be applied to lattice structures for any desired use such as a permanent support structure of a ceiling, floor or wall construction of a building.
Referring to the Figures the shuttering element comprises a laminar facing element 10 in the form of a plywood sheet. If desired, the facing element may be made of any other suitable material. The facing element 10 is provided with a lattice support structure 11 which comprises a first set of spaced-apart parallel booms forming spaced lattice girders 12 which extend parallel to each other and preferably as shown, oppositely directed adjacent girders 12 lying in inclined planes are provided so that the array of such girders forms a structure having ridges 13.
Each lattice girder 12 comprises a single lower boom 14 and a single upper boom 15 interconnected bv transverse members 16 all of which are parallel to each other and are inclined to the upper and lower booms 14 and 15 at an acute angle, together with a further transverse member 17 at one end 8 of the lattice girder which is inclined in the opposite direction. The booms and transverse members are mild steel angle sections and are connected together, for example, by bolting, riveting or welding. If desired the booms and transverse members may be made of other material and may be of other configurations, such as tubular.
The upper booms 15 of adjacent oppositely directed girders are connected along their length by bolting in side by side contact whilst the lower booms of adjacent girders are spaced apart to accommodate tie rods and the lower booms are fixed by bolts, screws or the like to the plywood facing element 10. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the girder pairs are arranged spaced from one another in a parallel array.
The lattice structure also comprises a second set of spaced-apart parallel booms forming lattice girders 19 each of which comprises a lower boom 20 and an upper boom 21 and interconnected by transverse elements 22 which are inclined to the upper and lower booms 20, 21 at an acute angle in zig-zag configuration. The lower boom 20 lies on top of the lower booms 14 of the girders of the first set whilst the upper boom 21 lies below the upper booms 15 of the girders of the first set and the adjacent lower booms of the two sets are bolted together as are the upper booms of the two sets.
The dimensions of the lattice girders of the first and second set are chosen so that the inclined transverse members 16. 22 of the girders, when assembled, form a pyramidal structure radiating approximately from an "apex" point A to four "base" points B and this basic structure being repeated throughout the lattice structure.
It is preferred that the lattice structure is made from pre-assembled lattice girders 12 and 19 and that the lattice structure is constructed by first assembling oppositely directed pairs of the lattice girders 12 in the ridged construction shown in the drawings.
It will be noted that the girders 12 are not in themselves fully triangulated and this permits of. beside saving material. introduction of the lattice girders of the second set into the spaces between adjacent inclined members 16 of the girders of the first set. The girders of the second set are each introduced whilst lying substantially horizontal: after introduction they are rotated to the position shown following which they are secured in position.
It is preferred that the girders of the first and second sets are secured together by a quick and automatic means. For example the second girders may be slid horizontally into the first girders and then rotated. at locking stop points (which could be notches in the secondary girders). upwards until they engage a locking means at the underside of the top member of the first girder (or at some other position adjacent the apex).
If desired instead of the inclined members 17 at the one ends 8 of the lattice girders 12 these inclined members 17 may be omitted and an additional lattice girder 19 provided at this location instead of the members 17.
The lattice sstructure embodying the invention, permits economical and convenient transport of the structure in a disassembled form as the facing element 10 and lattice girders may be transported in a relatively small package as the facing element and lattice girders are relatively thin whereas the complete lattice structure is a relatively deep space frame.
Although it is preferred that the structure is erected from preformed lattice girders. if desired the various booms and transverse members may be assembled individually into the structure described hereinbefore.
If desired the lattice structure may be used as a permanent part (such as a support for a roof or floor) of a building by attaching a suitable covering means in place of the facing element 10.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A lattice structure comprising a first set of spaced-apart parallel pairs of booms, each pair comprising an upper boom and a spaced parallel lower boom connected together by a plurality of spaced parallel transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms at an acute angle relative thereto in a plane containing the booms, the planes containing adjacent pairs of booms of the first set being oppositely inclined, a second set of spaced-apart parallel pairs of booms, each pair comprising an upper boom and a spaced parallel lower boom connected together by a plurality of transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms in a zig-zag configuration, the lower booms of the second set extending transversely to and above the lower booms of the first set and being connected thereto. the upper booms of the second set extending transversely to and below the upper booms of the first set and being connected thereto, and the booms and transverse members of each pair of booms of the second set lying in parallel planes which are inclined to the booms of the first set in a direction opposite to the transverse members of the first set (to form a triangulated space-frame structure).
2. A lattice structure according to Claim 1 wherein the transverse elements 16. 22 of the two sets form a right pyramidal structure.
3. A lattice structure according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein each pair of booms of each set have been connected together by their associated transverse members prior to assembly into said lattice structure.
4. A lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at one end of each pair of the first set of booms there is a transverse element connected between the upper and lower booms and inclined in the opposite direction to the remainder of the transverse elements connected between said upper and lower booms.
5. A lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the lattice structure is connected to a laminar facing element to provide a shuttering element.
6. A lattice structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the lattice structure comprises a permanent part of a building structure.
7. A lattice structure substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying draw- ings.
8. A shuttering element substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
9. A method of making a triangulated lattice space-frame structure comprising providing a first set of lattice girders, each girder comprising an upper boom and a lower boom connected together by a plurality of spaced parallel transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms at an acute angle relative to the booms adjacent pairs of booms of the first set being oppositely inclined, arranging the girders of said first set in spaced-apart relationship with their longitudinal axes parallel, providing a second set of lattice girders. each girder comprising an upper boom and a lower boom connected together by-a plurality of transverse members which extend between the booms in zig-zag configuration in a plane containing the booms, arranging the girders of the second set so that each girder extends transversely of the girders of the first set between the upper and lower booms thereof with the upper and lower booms of each girder of the second set lying in spaced parallel planes the girder of the second set being inclined at an acute angle to the upper and lower booms of the first set of girders and in the opposite direction to the transverse members of the first set and connecting the upper and lower booms of the girders of the first set to the upper and lower booms respectively of the second set where the booms cross to provide said triangulated space-frame structure.
10. A method according to Claim 9 wherein the girders of the second set are arranged as specified in Claim 9 by introducing each girder of the second set longitudinally between the upper and lower booms of the girders of the first set at a position between adjacent transverse members of the first set, with the booms of the girders of
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (13)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. If desired instead of the inclined members 17 at the one ends 8 of the lattice girders 12 these inclined members 17 may be omitted and an additional lattice girder 19 provided at this location instead of the members 17. The lattice sstructure embodying the invention, permits economical and convenient transport of the structure in a disassembled form as the facing element 10 and lattice girders may be transported in a relatively small package as the facing element and lattice girders are relatively thin whereas the complete lattice structure is a relatively deep space frame. Although it is preferred that the structure is erected from preformed lattice girders. if desired the various booms and transverse members may be assembled individually into the structure described hereinbefore. If desired the lattice structure may be used as a permanent part (such as a support for a roof or floor) of a building by attaching a suitable covering means in place of the facing element 10. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A lattice structure comprising a first set of spaced-apart parallel pairs of booms, each pair comprising an upper boom and a spaced parallel lower boom connected together by a plurality of spaced parallel transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms at an acute angle relative thereto in a plane containing the booms, the planes containing adjacent pairs of booms of the first set being oppositely inclined, a second set of spaced-apart parallel pairs of booms, each pair comprising an upper boom and a spaced parallel lower boom connected together by a plurality of transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms in a zig-zag configuration, the lower booms of the second set extending transversely to and above the lower booms of the first set and being connected thereto. the upper booms of the second set extending transversely to and below the upper booms of the first set and being connected thereto, and the booms and transverse members of each pair of booms of the second set lying in parallel planes which are inclined to the booms of the first set in a direction opposite to the transverse members of the first set (to form a triangulated space-frame structure).
2. A lattice structure according to Claim 1 wherein the transverse elements 16. 22 of the two sets form a right pyramidal structure.
3. A lattice structure according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein each pair of booms of each set have been connected together by their associated transverse members prior to assembly into said lattice structure.
4. A lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at one end of each pair of the first set of booms there is a transverse element connected between the upper and lower booms and inclined in the opposite direction to the remainder of the transverse elements connected between said upper and lower booms.
5. A lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the lattice structure is connected to a laminar facing element to provide a shuttering element.
6. A lattice structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the lattice structure comprises a permanent part of a building structure.
7. A lattice structure substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying draw- ings.
8. A shuttering element substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
9. A method of making a triangulated lattice space-frame structure comprising providing a first set of lattice girders, each girder comprising an upper boom and a lower boom connected together by a plurality of spaced parallel transverse members which extend between the upper and lower booms at an acute angle relative to the booms adjacent pairs of booms of the first set being oppositely inclined, arranging the girders of said first set in spaced-apart relationship with their longitudinal axes parallel, providing a second set of lattice girders. each girder comprising an upper boom and a lower boom connected together by-a plurality of transverse members which extend between the booms in zig-zag configuration in a plane containing the booms, arranging the girders of the second set so that each girder extends transversely of the girders of the first set between the upper and lower booms thereof with the upper and lower booms of each girder of the second set lying in spaced parallel planes the girder of the second set being inclined at an acute angle to the upper and lower booms of the first set of girders and in the opposite direction to the transverse members of the first set and connecting the upper and lower booms of the girders of the first set to the upper and lower booms respectively of the second set where the booms cross to provide said triangulated space-frame structure.
10. A method according to Claim 9 wherein the girders of the second set are arranged as specified in Claim 9 by introducing each girder of the second set longitudinally between the upper and lower booms of the girders of the first set at a position between adjacent transverse members of the first set, with the booms of the girders of
the second set being inclined at a greater acute angle then said acute angle, and then rotating and maneouvring the girders of the second set to reduce said greater angle to said acute angle and to engage the upper and lower booms of the girders of the second set with the upper and lower booms respectively of the girders of the first set at positions selected to provide said triangulated structure.
11. A method according to Claim 9 wherein the transverse elements of the two sets form a right pyramidal structure.
12. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 11 wherein at one end of each pair of the first set of booms there is a transverse element connected between the upper and lower booms and inclined in the opposite direction to the remainder of the transverse elements connected between said upper and lower boom.
13. A method of making a triangulated lattice space-frame structure substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB1974077A 1978-03-03 1978-03-03 Lattice structure and method of making the same Expired GB1596019A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1974077A GB1596019A (en) 1978-03-03 1978-03-03 Lattice structure and method of making the same

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GB1974077A GB1596019A (en) 1978-03-03 1978-03-03 Lattice structure and method of making the same

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GB1596019A true GB1596019A (en) 1981-08-19

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0128431A2 (en) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-19 Arne Hill Space truss of metal
GB2162885A (en) * 1984-08-10 1986-02-12 Sgb Group Plc Formwork for ceilings and floors
GB2215752A (en) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-27 Pilecon Engineering Berhad Space frame
US5412914A (en) * 1991-07-08 1995-05-09 Daw; Terry L. Raised access flooring system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0128431A2 (en) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-19 Arne Hill Space truss of metal
US4584810A (en) * 1983-06-14 1986-04-29 Arne Hill Metal space truss
EP0128431A3 (en) * 1983-06-14 1987-08-12 Arne Hill Space truss of metal
GB2162885A (en) * 1984-08-10 1986-02-12 Sgb Group Plc Formwork for ceilings and floors
GB2215752A (en) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-27 Pilecon Engineering Berhad Space frame
US5412914A (en) * 1991-07-08 1995-05-09 Daw; Terry L. Raised access flooring system

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PS Patent sealed
732 Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977)
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 19980302