GB1589734A - Dialyzer and a method of dialysis - Google Patents
Dialyzer and a method of dialysis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1589734A GB1589734A GB18230/77A GB1823077A GB1589734A GB 1589734 A GB1589734 A GB 1589734A GB 18230/77 A GB18230/77 A GB 18230/77A GB 1823077 A GB1823077 A GB 1823077A GB 1589734 A GB1589734 A GB 1589734A
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- Prior art keywords
- tubules
- inlet
- outlet
- blood
- core
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N benzyl n-[(2r)-1-[(2s,4r)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-1-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-1,1-dihydroxyhexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CO[C@H]1CN(C(=O)[C@@H](CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)(O)C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C1 KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940125833 compound 23 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003624 creatine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006046 creatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940045136 urea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0232—Manufacturing thereof using hollow fibers mats as precursor, e.g. wound or pleated mats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0233—Manufacturing thereof forming the bundle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/025—Bobbin units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
(54) A DIALYZER AND A METHOD OF DIALYSIS
(71) We, BENTLEY LABORATORIES,
INC., a Corporation of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of- 17502
Armstrong Avenue, Irvine, State of
California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may he granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The present invention relates to a dialyzer and to a method of dialysis.
Kidney dialyzers function to remove toxic substances from the blood of patients suffering from renal failure. The dialyzers are fabricated with semipermeable membranes and dialysis is accomplished by flowing blood along one side of the membrane and a dialysate solution along the other side. During the dialyzing process, metabolites such as urea, uric acid, creatine, phosphorus and calcium in the blood diffuse from the blood to the dialysate solution through the membrane due to the lower concentration of metabolites in the dialysate solution.
The present invention provides a dialyser comprising an elongate core arranged in a bore in a housing to form an elongate cavity between the core and the wall of the bore, a multiplicity of semi-permeable tubules helically wrapped round the core to fill the cavity, an inlet, adjacent to one end of the core, for passing fluid into the tubules and an outlet, adjacent to the other end of the core, for receiving that fluid from the tubules, an inlet, adjacent one end of the core, for passing another fluid into the cavity so that the fluid passes across the out-side of the tubules and an outlet, adjacent to the other end of the core, for receiving that fluid, the packing density (as hereinafter defined) of the tubules along part of the length of the core adjacent to the inlet to the cavity being higher as compared to the packing density of the tubules along the remainder of the length of the core.
The helical orientation of the tubules ensures expansion and contraction of the tubules in a substantially uniform manner thereby minimising masking of the gaps between the tubules. By increasing the packing density of the tubules adjacent to the said inlet a restricted area for fluid is formed outside the tubules which ensures an initial uniform distribution of the fluid.
Advantageously, the packing density of the tubules, except along the said part of the length of the core, is between substantially 20% and 50% and is preferably between 25% and 35%. This reduced packing density allows for more uniform distribution of the fluid passing outside the tubules.
The present invention also provides a helical flow dialyzer comprising:
a dialyzer housing disposed about a central core, said core including a tubular dialusate inlet and a tubular dialysate outlet, both said dialysate inlet and outlet being provided with a plurality of apertures and being joined by a cylindrical section of said central core for preventing dialysate flow through said cylindrical portion and for forcing dialysate flow through said apertures of said dialysate inlet and outlet;
and annular blood inlet chamber and an annular blood outlet chamber formed within said dialyzer housing about said tubular dialysate inlet and outlet, respectively, said inlet chamber having atangential inlet nozzle and said outlet chamber having a tangential outlet nozzle;
a belt made up of similar helically oriented semipermeable tubules, wrapped about said central core, opposied ends of said tubule belt being secured in an annular ring of potting compound formed about a portion of said dialysate inlet and outlet such that said dialysate inlet and outlet apertures are located within an enclosure formed by said dialyzer housing, said central core and said annular potting rings, said annular rings forming a portion of said blood inlet and blood outlet chambers, said ends of said tubules passing through said annular rings for communicating with said blood inlet and outlet chambers; and
a compression means positioned near the juncture of said dialysate inlet and said central core clyindrical portion between said dialyzer housing and said central core and about said tubules for increasing the packing density (as hereinafter defined) of said tubules in the area adjacent said compression means.
The present invention further provides a method of waste-containing blood flow dialysis comprising:
tangentially admitting blood into a dialyzer blood inlet chamber;
passing said blood from said blood inlet chamber into and through a plurality of similar helically oriented semipermeable tubules packed in a cavity between the dialyzer housing and a central dialyzer core;
passing blood wastes through the walls of said tubules into a dialysate;
passing the treated blood from said tubules into a dialyzer blood outlet chamber
longitudinally restraining said tubules between said dialyzer blood inlet chamber and said blood outlet chamber;
tangentially removing said treated blood from a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
radially distributing the dialysate about the exterior of said tubules at one end of the cavity;
passing in a generally helical manner said dialysate along the exterior of said tubules; and
radially removing said dialysate and blood wastes from said dialyzer at the other end of the cavity, the packing density (as hereinafter defined) of the tubules being increased adjacent to the said one end of the cavity.
A dialyser constructed in accordance with the invention, and a method of dialysis performed in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying draw ings in which:- figures 1 and 3 are partial cross-sectional views illustrating the dialyser constructed in accordance with the invention.
Figure 2 is a pictorial view illustrating the method of construction of the dialyser shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a schematic drawing illustrating the tubule configuration of a prior art dialyser.
Figure 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating the tubule configuration of the dialyser shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
Figure 6 is an enlarged partial crosssectional view illustrating part of the dialyser shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and 5, and
Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a bundle of tubules which serves to illustrate the definition of the term "packing density" as used herein.
Referring now to Figure 1, the blood dialyzer, generally referred to as 1, and its method of operation will be discussed. The dialyzer 1 includes a dialyzer housing 3 disposed about a central core 5. The core 5 has a dialysate inlet 7 and a dialysate outlet 9.
The dialysate inlet 7 and outlet 9 are provided with a plurality of apertures 11 and 13, respectively, positioned adjacent a point where the dialysate inlet and outlet abut a cylindrical section 15 of the central core 5 which prevents the dialysate flow from passing through the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and forces the dialysate to flow radially outwards through apertures 11 at the inlet 7 and radially inwards into apertures 13 prior to exiting the dialyzer 1 at the dialysate outlet 9.
The dialyzer 1 is further defined as including a tangential blood inlet 17 and a tangential blood outlet 19. A blood inlet chamber 21 is formed between the dialyzer cap 4, the exterior of the tubular dialysate inlet 7 and a suitable potting compound 23 within which a number of hollow filter tubules 25 are secured. The tubules are formed of semipermeable material such as that sold under the registered trademarks "Cuprophane" of "Cellophane". Similarly, the annular blood outlet chamber 27 is bounded by a dialyser cap 6, the exterior of the tubular portion of the dialysate outlet 9 and potting compound 23 within which the tubules 25 are secured adjacent the blood outlet chamber 27.
The housing, central core, caps and dialysate inlet and outlet means may be formed from a suitable plastics material such as polycarbonate.
As shown in Figure 2, a plurality of similarly curved and spirally oriented semipermeable hollow fiber tubules 25 are wrapped about the central core 5 such that their opposed ends may be secured in an annular ring of potting compound 23. The front and rear ends of the tubules 25 are preferably manufactured such that they have a rounded edge in order to prevent blood trauma upon entrance and exit from the dialyzer 1.
The thickness of the annular ring of layers of tubules 25 increases as the wrapping continues, and consequently the tubules 25 nearer the central core 5 are spiralled more than those more toward the outside of the wrap. This produces a nonparallel tubule relationship which increases flow shear as between adjacent layers of tubule wrap and promotes dialysate distribution and flow about the tubules 25 and transfer across the tubules.
Dialysate outlet apertures 11 are thus positioned between a front face 29 of the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and the annular ring of potting compound 23. Similarly, the dialysate outlet apertures 13 are positioned between a rear face 31 of the cylindrical portion 15 of the central core 5 and the annular ring of potting compound 23 located at the blood outlet of the tubules 25.
A compression means such as an inner flange 33 is positioned near the juncture of the dialysate inlet apertures 11 and the central core cylindrical portion 15 in order to increase the packing density of the tubules 25 in the area of the compression means.
The tubules 25 are separated from each other and having a packing density of between 20% and 50%, and preferably between 25% and 35%. The packing density of the tubules at the flange means 33 is greater than that of the packing density of the balance of the tubules' length, and may be, for example, 90% or as high as 100%.
Referring now to Figure 7, the term "packing density" as utilized in this disclosure will be explained. Figure 7 shows a plurality of tubules 25 arranged in contiguous relationship such that each tubule is touching the other tubules adjacent to it. Such a configuration produces a number of voids designated as 50 in Figure 7, due to the generally round configuration of the tubules 25.
If the tubules are compressed beyond the configuration of Figure 7, the tubules will be deformed. Accordingly, the contiguous relationship illustrated in Figure 7 is defined as illustrating a packing density of 100%. The packing densities referred to in this disclosure are defined relative to the 100% packing density configuration shown in Figure 7.
Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, the method of making such a dialyzer will be discussed. A plurality of tubules 25 are configured in a mat or belt 35 wherein the individual tubules 25 have fiber 37 interwoven within the tubules 25 in order to maintain their lateral spacing. The belt or mat 35 is then wrapped about the central core 5 and a cylinder 9 having an external diameter approximately equal to that of the cylindrical portion 15 of the core 5. The tubules may be held in place temporarily by means of an adhesive strip 34. Member 39 is held in place about the tubular portion of the dialysate inlet by means of a keyway slot 41 which engages a key 43 along exterior of the tubular dialysate inlet 7. As shown in Figure 3, a cap member (not shown) may then be placed about each end of the dialyzer 1 engaging the ends of the tubules 25. A potting compound is then inserted into and about the area surrounding the tubules 25 between the cap members and the exterior of the tubular dialyzer inlet and outlet 7 and 9, respectively. Preferably, the potting compound consists of a liquid resin (for example, polyurethane) which sets upon exposure to air and/or heat. The dialyzer assembly 1 is then rotated about its transverse axis in order to urge the potting compound through centrifugal force to each end of the dialyzer assembly 1. After the potting compound has set, the ends of the assembly are partially cut as shown by line 47 in order to produce the outward faces 49 and 51 of the annular rings of potting compound 23. The ends of the tubules may then be heat set or chemically polished to create a smooth surface around their openings and a rounded entry.
The caps 4 and 6 are then positioned at the ends of the housing.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, the advantages of the curved configuration of the tubules 25 will be discussed in detail.
Figure 4 shows a number of tubules secured at each end in a configuration typical of a prior dialyzer construction. The dotted lines indicate possible movement of the tubules upon expansion. In contrast, Figure 5 illustrates movement due to expansion, again shown as dotted lines, of tubules which are arranged in a curved configuration. As may be seen in Figure 5, each of the tubules expands in the same direction due to the fact that the tubules are predisposed to move in such a direction by means of the initial curvature of the tubules. While Figures 4 and 5 illustrate movement in two planes, it is to be understood that the spiral or helix configuration of the tubules 25 as shown in Figures 1 and 2 produce a three-dimensional predetermined configuration and allow for the tubules to move in expansion or contraction in a predetermined space apart relationship.
In operation, blood enters the inlet chamber 21 via the tangential inlet 17, passes into and along the tubules 25, and out of the tangential outlet 19 via the chamber 27.
The tangential inlet 17 and outlet 19 ensure that a gentle and uniform swirling movement is imparted to the blood in the chambers 21 and 27 respectively thereby preventing the formation of clots which can be caused by turbulence. The openings 11 and 13 ensure that the dialysate solution is introduced radially into the spaces between the tubules 25 and exit radially from those spaces. As the dialysate solution passes through the restricted opening produced by the increased packing density of the tubules in the region of the flange 33 it is evenly distributed around the tubules, this even distribution being maintained as it flows along the remaining length of the tubules. The helical orientation of the tubules causes a gentle mixing or churning action of the blood in the tubules and the dialysate solution outside the tubules and facilitates transfer of metabolites from the blood to that solution.
As described above both the blood and dialysate solution flow along the length of the tubules in the same direction (that is to say, from left to right). It is also possible, in a counter-flow dialyser for the dialysate solution and blood to flow in opposite directions, for example if the dialysate solution enters via the openings 13 and exits via the openings 11, and, in that case, the flange 33 would be provided at the right-hand end of the tubules.
No protection is claimed herein for any method or process of treating a human being to cure or prevent disease.
The dialyser described and illustrated above is also described and illustrated in the
Complete Specification of our co-pending
British Patent Application No. 80.05354 (Serial No. 1589735) to which attention is directed.
Subject to the foregoing disclaimer,
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A dialyser comprising an elongate core arranged in a bore in a housing to form an elongate cavity between the core and the wall of the bore, a multiplicity of semipermeable tubules helically wrapped round the core to fill the cavity, an inlet adjacent to one end of the core, for passing fluid into the tubules and an outlet, adjacent to the other end of the core, for receiving that fluid from the tubules, an inlet, adjacent one end of the core, for passing another fluid into the cavity so that the fluid passes across the outside of the tubules and an outlet adjacent to the other end of the core, for receiving that fluid, the packing density (as hereinbefore defined) of the tubules along part of the length of the core adjacent to the inlet to the cavity being higher as compared to the packing density of the tubules along the remainder of the length of the core.
2. A dialyser as claimed in claim 1 in which the housing has an annular flange or shoulder which reduces the transverse dimensions of the cavity along the said part of the core.
3. A dialyser as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the tubules are arranged in the form of a belt which has been helically wrapped round the core.
4. A dialyser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the packing density of the tubules, except along the said part of the length of the core, is between substantially 20% and 50%.
5. A dialyser as claimed in claim 5, in which the packing density is between 25% and 35%.
6. A dialyser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the inlet for passing fluid into the tubules and the outlet for receiving that fluid respectively comprises tangential inlet porting to and tangential outlet porting from a respective annular chamber.
7. A dialyser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the inlet for passing fluid across the tubules and the outlet for receiving that fluid respectively comprises radial inlet porting from, and radial outlet porting to a respective tubular member.
8. A helical flow dialyzer comprising:
a dialyzer housing disposed about a central core, said core including a tubular dialysate inlet and a tubular dilyasate outlet, both said dialysate inlet and outlet being provided with a plurality of apertures and being joined by a cylindrical section of said central core for preventing dialysate flow through said cylindrical portion and for forcing dialysate flow through said apertures of said dialysate inlet and outlet;
an annular blood inlet chamber and an annular blood outlet chamber formed within said dialyzer housing about said tubular dialysate inlet and outlet, respectively, said inlet chamber having a tangential inlet nozzle and said outlet chamber having a tangential outlet nozzle;
a belt made up of similarly helically oriented semipermeable tubules, wrapped about said central core, opposed ends of said tubule belt being secured in an annular ring of potting compound formed about a portion of said dialysate inlet and outlet such that said dialysate inlet and outlet apertures are located within an enclosure formed by said dialyzer housing, said central core and said annular potting rings, said annular rings forming a portion of said blood inlet and blood outlet chambers, said ends of said tubules passing through said annular rings for communication with said blood inlet and outlet chambers; and
a compression means positioned near the juncture of said dial sate inlet and said central core cylindrical portion between said dialyzer housing and said central core and about said tubules for increasing the packing density (as hereinbefore defined) of said tubules in the area adjacent said compression means.
9. A dialyser substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated by Figs. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A method of waste-containing blood flow dialysis comprising:
tangentially admitting blood into a dialyzer blood inlet chamber;
passing said blood from said blood inlet chamber into and through a plurality of similar helically oriented semipermeable tubules packed in a cavity between the dialyzer housing and a central dialyzer core;
passing blood waste through the walls of said tubules into a dialysate;
passing the treated blood from said tubules into a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
longitudinally restraining said tubules between said dialyzer blood inlet chamber and said blood outlet chamber;
tangentially removing said treated blood from a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
radially distributing the dialysate about the exterior of said tubules at one end of the cavity;
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (11)
1. A dialyser comprising an elongate core arranged in a bore in a housing to form an elongate cavity between the core and the wall of the bore, a multiplicity of semipermeable tubules helically wrapped round the core to fill the cavity, an inlet adjacent to one end of the core, for passing fluid into the tubules and an outlet, adjacent to the other end of the core, for receiving that fluid from the tubules, an inlet, adjacent one end of the core, for passing another fluid into the cavity so that the fluid passes across the outside of the tubules and an outlet adjacent to the other end of the core, for receiving that fluid, the packing density (as hereinbefore defined) of the tubules along part of the length of the core adjacent to the inlet to the cavity being higher as compared to the packing density of the tubules along the remainder of the length of the core.
2. A dialyser as claimed in claim 1 in which the housing has an annular flange or shoulder which reduces the transverse dimensions of the cavity along the said part of the core.
3. A dialyser as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the tubules are arranged in the form of a belt which has been helically wrapped round the core.
4. A dialyser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the packing density of the tubules, except along the said part of the length of the core, is between substantially 20% and 50%.
5. A dialyser as claimed in claim 5, in which the packing density is between 25% and 35%.
6. A dialyser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the inlet for passing fluid into the tubules and the outlet for receiving that fluid respectively comprises tangential inlet porting to and tangential outlet porting from a respective annular chamber.
7. A dialyser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the inlet for passing fluid across the tubules and the outlet for receiving that fluid respectively comprises radial inlet porting from, and radial outlet porting to a respective tubular member.
8. A helical flow dialyzer comprising:
a dialyzer housing disposed about a central core, said core including a tubular dialysate inlet and a tubular dilyasate outlet, both said dialysate inlet and outlet being provided with a plurality of apertures and being joined by a cylindrical section of said central core for preventing dialysate flow through said cylindrical portion and for forcing dialysate flow through said apertures of said dialysate inlet and outlet;
an annular blood inlet chamber and an annular blood outlet chamber formed within said dialyzer housing about said tubular dialysate inlet and outlet, respectively, said inlet chamber having a tangential inlet nozzle and said outlet chamber having a tangential outlet nozzle;
a belt made up of similarly helically oriented semipermeable tubules, wrapped about said central core, opposed ends of said tubule belt being secured in an annular ring of potting compound formed about a portion of said dialysate inlet and outlet such that said dialysate inlet and outlet apertures are located within an enclosure formed by said dialyzer housing, said central core and said annular potting rings, said annular rings forming a portion of said blood inlet and blood outlet chambers, said ends of said tubules passing through said annular rings for communication with said blood inlet and outlet chambers; and
a compression means positioned near the juncture of said dial sate inlet and said central core cylindrical portion between said dialyzer housing and said central core and about said tubules for increasing the packing density (as hereinbefore defined) of said tubules in the area adjacent said compression means.
9. A dialyser substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated by Figs. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A method of waste-containing blood flow dialysis comprising:
tangentially admitting blood into a dialyzer blood inlet chamber;
passing said blood from said blood inlet chamber into and through a plurality of similar helically oriented semipermeable tubules packed in a cavity between the dialyzer housing and a central dialyzer core;
passing blood waste through the walls of said tubules into a dialysate;
passing the treated blood from said tubules into a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
longitudinally restraining said tubules between said dialyzer blood inlet chamber and said blood outlet chamber;
tangentially removing said treated blood from a dialyzer blood outlet chamber;
radially distributing the dialysate about the exterior of said tubules at one end of the cavity;
passing in a generally helical manner said dialysate along the exterior of said tubules; and
radially removing said dialysate and blood wastes from said dialyzer at the other end of the cavity, the packing density (as hereinbefore defined) of the tubules being increased adjacent to the said one end of the cavity.
11. A method of dialysis substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated by Fig. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 of the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70807476A | 1976-07-23 | 1976-07-23 | |
| US81345577A | 1977-07-07 | 1977-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1589734A true GB1589734A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
Family
ID=27108012
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5354/80A Expired GB1589735A (en) | 1976-07-23 | 1977-07-20 | Dialyzer and a method of dialysis |
| GB18230/77A Expired GB1589734A (en) | 1976-07-23 | 1977-07-20 | Dialyzer and a method of dialysis |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5354/80A Expired GB1589735A (en) | 1976-07-23 | 1977-07-20 | Dialyzer and a method of dialysis |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5331397A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7704847A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1092515A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2733280A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2358910A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB1589735A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1114903B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0046015A1 (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-17 | Albany International Corp. | Method for impregnating the end of a rigid tubular bundle of hollow separatory fibres with potting compound and subsequently opening the ends of the hollow fibres within the potting compound |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2660630C2 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1984-05-17 | Fresenius AG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Hollow fiber dialyzer |
| DE2646358C2 (en) | 1976-10-14 | 1982-05-13 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius, Chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie KG Apparatebau KG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Hollow fiber dialyzer |
| US4315819A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1982-02-16 | Monsanto Company | Hollow fiber permeator apparatus |
| BR7909021A (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1981-05-26 | Du Pont | APPLIANCE WITH EXPANDABLE TUBE BEAM |
| US4425234A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1984-01-10 | Hospal Ltd. | Hollow fiber separatory device |
| DE8136374U1 (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1988-05-11 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Dialysis device for dialysing fluid |
| JPS6017861U (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1985-02-06 | 安田株式会社 | metal sliding door pull |
| DE3611621A1 (en) * | 1985-04-27 | 1986-10-30 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Mass transfer unit and/or heat exchanger |
| DE8527694U1 (en) * | 1985-04-27 | 1987-02-19 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Mass and/or heat exchangers |
| DE3636583A1 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-05-05 | Draegerwerk Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HOLLOW FIBER FABRIC EXCHANGE MODULE AND MODULE PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD |
| DE3831786A1 (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-03-29 | Akzo Gmbh | FABRIC AND / OR HEAT EXCHANGER |
| JPH0614965B2 (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1994-03-02 | テルモ株式会社 | Oxygenator |
| DE19857850C2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2003-02-06 | Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh | filter means |
| EP2996797B1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2017-09-20 | Scott P. Yaeger | Spiral wound crossflow filter for permeate side cross flow |
| DE102018100568A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-11 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Blood treatment machine with a hollow fiber filter module for horizontal arrangement and a hollow fiber filter module and its use |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL136034C (en) * | 1965-12-22 | |||
| FR1508189A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1968-01-05 | Rech S Tech & Ind S R T I S A | tubular membrane heat exchanger with a high exchange surface area-to-volume ratio, in particular for medical applications |
| US3536611A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1970-10-27 | Abcor Inc | Membrane device and method |
| US3728256A (en) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-04-17 | Abcor Inc | Crossflow capillary dialyzer |
| JPS5221326Y2 (en) * | 1972-08-24 | 1977-05-16 | ||
| JPS4955569A (en) * | 1972-10-03 | 1974-05-29 | ||
| US4001110A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1977-01-04 | Chemotronics International, Inc. | Method for the thermal treatment of tubular dialysis units and improved units resulting therefrom |
| NL7602881A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1976-05-31 | Organon Teknika Bv | Selective diffusion separator - using semipermeable membranes particularly for haemodialysis |
| US4219426A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1980-08-26 | Organon Teknika B.V. | Dialysis device |
| FR2351041A1 (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1977-12-09 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | HOLLOW FIBER APPARATUS |
| DE2646358C2 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1982-05-13 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius, Chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie KG Apparatebau KG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Hollow fiber dialyzer |
| JPS5348976A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-05-02 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | Mass transfer apparatus of hollow fiber type |
| FR2374932A1 (en) * | 1976-12-24 | 1978-07-21 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | HOLLOW FIBER APPARATUS, USABLE IN PARTICULAR AS AN ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY |
| US4201673A (en) * | 1977-07-04 | 1980-05-06 | Terumo Corporation | Apparatus for dialysis of solution |
-
1977
- 1977-07-20 GB GB5354/80A patent/GB1589735A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-20 CA CA283,168A patent/CA1092515A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-20 GB GB18230/77A patent/GB1589734A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-22 DE DE19772733280 patent/DE2733280A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-07-22 JP JP8826777A patent/JPS5331397A/en active Granted
- 1977-07-22 IT IT26031/77A patent/IT1114903B/en active
- 1977-07-22 FR FR7722643A patent/FR2358910A1/en active Granted
- 1977-07-22 BR BR7704847A patent/BR7704847A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0046015A1 (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-17 | Albany International Corp. | Method for impregnating the end of a rigid tubular bundle of hollow separatory fibres with potting compound and subsequently opening the ends of the hollow fibres within the potting compound |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5331397A (en) | 1978-03-24 |
| FR2358910A1 (en) | 1978-02-17 |
| BR7704847A (en) | 1978-04-04 |
| CA1092515A (en) | 1980-12-30 |
| IT1114903B (en) | 1986-02-03 |
| JPS5652584B2 (en) | 1981-12-12 |
| DE2733280A1 (en) | 1978-01-26 |
| FR2358910B1 (en) | 1984-05-18 |
| GB1589735A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |