GB1587382A - Sole for a sports shoe - Google Patents
Sole for a sports shoe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1587382A GB1587382A GB340578A GB340578A GB1587382A GB 1587382 A GB1587382 A GB 1587382A GB 340578 A GB340578 A GB 340578A GB 340578 A GB340578 A GB 340578A GB 1587382 A GB1587382 A GB 1587382A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- profile
- sole
- bodies
- projections
- outer face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
- A43B13/24—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions
- A43B13/26—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions projecting beyond the sole surface
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- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
(54) A SOLE FOR A SPORTS SHOE
(71) I, ADOLF DASSLER, a West German citizen of Kreuzgasse, D-8522 Herzogenaurach, West Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the follow- ing statement:- The invention relates to a sports shoe sole with ground-engaging profile projections located on the outer face.
A large number of different profile projections on the outsole of sport shoes, socalled "sole profiles", are known. The object of the profile projections is to provide safety when standing and security against slipping, and, when running, to transmit the force exerted by the leg of the athlete to the ground, with as little loss as possible.
The nature of the sole of the sport shoe and especially its profiling depends on the nature of the ground over which the athlete moves.
It is true that for a long time endeavours have been made to achieve a universal profile of sport shoes, which can be used with equal effect on a great diversity of grounds, and indeed profiles have also been found which permit sports shoes to be used on a variety of grounds. However, it has not hitherto proved possible so to design the profiling of soles for sport shoes that the latter can be used with equal advantage both on soft resilient ground, for example on grass, and on hard rough ground, for example carpeted ground, or on a hard smooth ground, for example the floor of a sports hall, without exhibiting disadvantages in one respect of another.If, for example, the profile projections are relatively high, as is the case, for example, for the studs of a football boot, they are, admittedly, suitable for use on soft ground, but are unusable for all other types of sport performed on hard ground. If a springily resilient material, of which, for example, the outsole of the sport shoe itself consists, is used for these studs, it is ad- mittedly in principle possible to use the shoe on hard ground. However, the safety when standing with such profiles, is very low, since the height of the studs conveys a floating sensation because of the soft resilient material used. Conversely, sole profiles of which the individual profile projections are only slightly raised from the outer face of the sole and which consist of relatively soft resilient material are very suitable for smooth hard floors in sports halls.This is because, due to the relatively small height of the profile projections, the athelete stands securely in spite of the soft sole material, since deformations of the profile bodies, which might cause a floating sensation, are hardly significant. On the other hand, however, the profile projections consisting of soft resilent material can press into even the slightest unevennesses of the ground and also result in a very high frictional contact which is important for security against slipping and especially for a secure stride.
The security against slipping provided by the sole profiling on the other hand must not be so great that the athlete is checked too abruptly when he stops. If this happens, the stress on the parts of the body which generate the athelete's movement is extremely high, so that injuries, or damage to health caused by stress over long periods, may result.
It is the object of the invention to provide an outsole with a profiling which makes it possible to extend the range of usefulness of sport shoes, equipped therewith, on different grounds to a greater extent than hitherto.
In addition the sole should have a slight and limited ability to slip, in order to prevent excessive stress on the parts of the body of the athlete which generate his movement, on stopping.
Accordingly the present invention provides a sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; and each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800.
The profile projections of the sole according to the invention are thus composed of preferably three elongate profile bodies which are in no way arranged with rotational symmetry but extend symmetrically about the axis of symmetry. The profile bodies do not run parallel but form, with one another, small acute angles, that is to say they diverge or radiate from one another. It has now been found that with such a design the profile projections can be of relatively small height but do display a good gripping action, in the manner of studs, on soft ground. At the same time, however, their tread surfaces can be kept relatively large and they can consist of a springily resilient material, for example rubber, so that they can be used even on smooth and hard ground.Both on penetrating into soft ground and on resting on hard ground the profile projections, when subjected to stress counter to the direction of divergence of the individual profile bodies, undergo a splaying effect which increases the security against slipping. This splaying effect arises from the fact that the individual de fordable profile bodies of each profile projection tilt slightly outwards under stress and as a result show a tendency to increase the engagement surface in the direction of the stress whilst on being stressed in the opposite direction the converse effect occurs.
The invention further provides a sole for sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800; and wherein the height of at least some of the profile bodies of each profile projection above the outer face of the sole increasing towards the said second ends of the profile bodies.
The construction of the profile projections out of three or four elongate bodies has the advantage that for a given tread surface the profile bodies can be kept finer than if two profile bodies had been used and hence more rcady to tilt, so that the said splaying effect manifests itselfmore clearly. However, the construction of the profile projections from more than four profile bodies produces no further advantage, because then the spacing of the finger-shaped profile bodies is so small that firm adhesion of accumulated dirt is unavoidable.
The invention also provides a sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800; and each profile body tapering towards its said second end.
The profile bodies from which the profile projections are built up can have a slender rectangular outline. The profile bodies may terminate in an edge or point, because this favours the deformation effect which leads to the desired restricted splaying. Advantageous embodiments for this purpose are slender rhombic or lanceolated outlines of the profile bodies. In addition it is possible to construct the tread surface of the profile bodies so that their height above the outer face of the sole increases from said one end where they are close to one another.
Advantageously, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the profile projections on the sole are so arranged that they can deal with the directions of stress principally to be expected. This means that the majority of the profile projections on the front sole are arranged with the profile bodies diverging backwards and at least a part of the profile projections on the rear sole are arranged with the profile bodies diverging forwards. As a result, the intended splaying effect principally manifests itself on setting down the foot and on running, where the transmission of the force during the rolling movement of the foot takes place on the front sole, particularly in the inner ball region (of the foot). In contrast, on stopping it is mainly the profile bodies located under the heel which exert a braking action. In addition, it is conceivable to arrange a series of profile bodies to extend approximately parallel to the edge of the sole, the bodies diverging laterally, so that there is some security against slipping sideways.
In principle it is possible to locate the profile projections according to the invention in a detachable manner on the outsole of the sport shoe. However, advantageously the profile projections are moulded, for example injection moulded, from the material of the sole and integrally with the outsole. Suitable materials are the conventional springily re silient sole materials, such as PVC, polyurethane, or rubber..
In order that the invention will be more readily understood, the following description is given, merely by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a bottom view of one embodiment of sports shoe sole, according to the invention, with two different forms of profile projections; and
Figures 2 to 5 are perspective views of various embodiments of the profile projections usable in a sports shoe sole according to the invention, on a greatly enlarged scale.
The sole of which a bottom view is shown in Figure 1 is intended for a sports shoe which is suitable both for running on hard tracks, such as roads, and for running through woods and cross-country running. In addition, the sports shoe can be employed, without any disadvantage, on smooth sports hall floors.
The sole marked 1 in its entirety consists of one of the common sole materials, such as
PVC, foam polyurethane, or rubber and is either glued to or directly moulded onto, the upper of the sports shoe.
The outsole 1 carries integrally moulded-on profile projections 2, 3, which have the common characteristic that they are formed by three elongate profile bodies 21, 31, which in this case are joined together at one end whilst their other ends diverge or radiate from the junction point towards one side. The main surface of the front sole is provided with larger profile projections 2, of which the profile bodies 21 have a slender rhombic or lozenge-shaped outline. The arrangement of the profile projections is such that the profile bodies 21 extend in a generally rearward direction. On the rear sole, precisely the converse arrangement of the profile projections 2 is provided. There, the profile bodies 21 diverge forwards. The profile projections 3 are somewhat smaller and the profle bodies 31 have a rectangular outline.The profile projections 3 are only located along the edge of the sole and are oriented so that the profile bodies 31 in each case diverge or radiate outwards.
The distribution of the profile projections 2, 3 shown in Figure 1 is, for the sake of clarity of the drawing, not complete; instead, it is to be understood that the profile projections, of the pattern shown, are distributed uniformly over the entire sole surface and in addition profile projections of different shape may also be provided.
Furthermore, instead of the profile projections 3 located in the region of the edge of the sole, the profile projections 2, if appropriate in a smaller version can be provided.
Figures 2 to 5 show, on a greatly enlarged scale, various embodiments of profile projections such as are provided, in a similar form, on the sole 1 according to Figure 1.
In the profile projection 22 according to
Figure 2, the three profile bodies 221 have a slender rectangular outline and are of constant height over their entire length. As a result, their tread surface 4 is substantially parallel to the outer face (which is not shown) of the sole 1. The individual profile bodies 221 subtend an angle of about 35 to 40"to one another.
The profile projection 32 shown in Figure 3 corresponds in outline substantially to that of Figure 2. However, the height of the profile bodies 321, at the end at which they are joined to one another, is only half as great as at the other end, so that a tread surface 5 which rises at an angle in the direction of divergence of the profile bodies 321 results.
The profile bodies 421 of the profile projection 42 according to Figure 4 have the outline of a slender regular lozenge or rhombus. Here again the individual profile bodies 421 are equiangularly arranged, as in the embodiments according to Figures 2 and 3, so that the two outer profile bodies 421 are located
symmetrically to the central axis of the middle profile body. Because of the rhombic outline, the profile bodies 421 terminate, at both ends, in a sharp edge which however is only pronounced at the free end, whilst due to the joining together of the profile bodies 421 obtuse edges result at the other end. The tapering and termination in a sharp edge assist the deformability of the profile body 421 and its tendency to tip about its longitudinal axis which in Figure 4 is indicated for one of the profile bodies 421.The tendency to tip which produces the splaying effect described earlier, is to be expected if a force acts in the direction of the arrow 7, the splaying being indicated by the arrow 8.
In Figure 4, a pronounced recess may be seen between each of the outer profile bodies 421 and the middle profile body, which recess also assists the tendency of the profile bodies to tip. However, the recess is not absolutely essential since the tapering of the profile bodies 421 in itself already results in a sufficient splaying effect. Instead of this recess, it is possible for all three profile bodies to be joined up to the middle edge of the lozenge, so that this results in three triangular profile bodies joined together, and in a substantially greater tread surface 4 of the profile projection.
The profile projection 52 according to
Figure 5 resembles, in construction and function, that of Figure 4. However, the outline of the profile body 521 is lanceolated or of a slender leaf shape, with points at both ends.
It is a feature common to the profile pro-jections according to Figures 2 to 5 that-their lateral delimiting surfaces are substantially at right angles to the outer face of the out- sole 1, so that when they are used on soft
ground they display the gripping character of
studs. Furthermore, they have a relatively
large tread surface 4 or 5, the main surface
of which lies in the region of the joined ends
of the profile bodies. This part of the tread
surface is particularly load-bearing when the
sole is used on hard ground and also in a
sense acts as a slide surface if the particular profile projection is stressed in a direction in which the splaying effect described does not manifest itself.The function as a slide surface becomes particularly advantageous when, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment in Figure 3, the tread surface 5 rises from the joined ends of the profile bodies in the direction of the other ends, that is to say extends slopingly out from the outer face of the outsole 1. It will be understood that all embodiments of the profile projection according to
Figures 2 to 5 can correspondingly be provided with a sloping tread surface 5.
In the case of the sole shown in Figure 1, it is advantageous to construct the profile projections 2, 3, located in the inner ball
region, with a tread surface 4 which is parallel
to the outer face of the sole. The remaining
profile projections 2, 3 can have a sloping
tread surface 5. This measure assists the turning characteristics of the sole and
reduces the wear which is particularly
pronounced at the inner ball of the foot of
the wearer.
In order to ensure that the sole according
to the invention can also be used advanta
geously on soft ground, the height of the pro
file projections should be not less than 4 to
5 mm so that their function corresponds to
that of a stud. An advantageous length of the
individual profile bodies, for this height, is
12 mm, but a greater or lesser length is also
feasible. Favourable conditions, with an
advantageous action both on hard ground on
and soft ground are achieved if the profile projections are such that if arranged next to one another and behind one another, as shown in
Figure 1, from 50 to 60 projections can be located on the entire outsole. To this extent, the representation in Figure 1 corresponds approximately to life-size.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
A sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; and each angle having a value such that all profile acute
bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800.
2. A sole for a sports shoe comprising
an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on
said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800; and the height of at least some of the profile bodies of each profile projection above the outer face of the sole increasing towards the said second ends of the profile bodies.
3. A sole according to claim 2, wherein the elongate profile bodies each have a tread surface which slopes relative to the outer face of the sole.
4. A sole according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the said profile projections are disposed near the periphery of the outsole member and there are further profile projections located in the region of the inner ball of the foot of the wearer, said further profile projections having a tread surface of the profile bodies which is parallel to the outer face of the outsole member.
5. A sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800; and each profile body tapering towards its said second end.
6. A sole according to claim 5, wherein the profile bodies terminate in an edge.
7. A sole according to claim 6, wherein the profile bodies are of a slender rhombic outline.
8. A sole according to claim 6, wherein the profile bodies are of a lanceolated outline.
9. A sole according to claim 6, wherein the profile bodies are of a triangular outline.
10. A sole according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the profile bodies have the outline of a slender rectangular shape.
11. A sole according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongate pro
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (19)
- **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.sole 1, so that when they are used on soft ground they display the gripping character of studs. Furthermore, they have a relatively large tread surface 4 or 5, the main surface of which lies in the region of the joined ends of the profile bodies. This part of the tread surface is particularly load-bearing when the sole is used on hard ground and also in a sense acts as a slide surface if the particular profile projection is stressed in a direction in which the splaying effect described does not manifest itself.The function as a slide surface becomes particularly advantageous when, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment in Figure 3, the tread surface 5 rises from the joined ends of the profile bodies in the direction of the other ends, that is to say extends slopingly out from the outer face of the outsole 1. It will be understood that all embodiments of the profile projection according to Figures 2 to 5 can correspondingly be provided with a sloping tread surface 5.In the case of the sole shown in Figure 1, it is advantageous to construct the profile projections 2, 3, located in the inner ball region, with a tread surface 4 which is parallel to the outer face of the sole. The remaining profile projections 2, 3 can have a sloping tread surface 5. This measure assists the turning characteristics of the sole and reduces the wear which is particularly pronounced at the inner ball of the foot of the wearer.In order to ensure that the sole according to the invention can also be used advanta geously on soft ground, the height of the pro file projections should be not less than 4 to5 mm so that their function corresponds to that of a stud. An advantageous length of the individual profile bodies, for this height, is12 mm, but a greater or lesser length is also feasible. Favourable conditions, with an advantageous action both on hard ground on and soft ground are achieved if the profile projections are such that if arranged next to one another and behind one another, as shown in Figure 1, from 50 to 60 projections can be located on the entire outsole. To this extent, the representation in Figure 1 corresponds approximately to life-size.WHAT I CLAIM IS: A sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; and each angle having a value such that all profile acute bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800.
- 2. A sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800; and the height of at least some of the profile bodies of each profile projection above the outer face of the sole increasing towards the said second ends of the profile bodies.
- 3. A sole according to claim 2, wherein the elongate profile bodies each have a tread surface which slopes relative to the outer face of the sole.
- 4. A sole according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the said profile projections are disposed near the periphery of the outsole member and there are further profile projections located in the region of the inner ball of the foot of the wearer, said further profile projections having a tread surface of the profile bodies which is parallel to the outer face of the outsole member.
- 5. A sole for a sports shoe comprising an outsole member of resilient material having an outer face; and a plurality of deformable ground-engaging profile projections projecting from various locations on said outer face; said profile projections each comprising three or four elongate profile bodies each having first and second ends; the said first ends of the profile bodies of each profile projection being joined to, or located close to, one another and forming acute angles between their longitudinal axes; each acute angle having a value such that all profile bodies of each profile projection are disposed within a sector of less than 1800; and each profile body tapering towards its said second end.
- 6. A sole according to claim 5, wherein the profile bodies terminate in an edge.
- 7. A sole according to claim 6, wherein the profile bodies are of a slender rhombic outline.
- 8. A sole according to claim 6, wherein the profile bodies are of a lanceolated outline.
- 9. A sole according to claim 6, wherein the profile bodies are of a triangular outline.
- 10. A sole according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the profile bodies have the outline of a slender rectangular shape.
- 11. A sole according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongate profile bodies are joined to one another at one end of said axis of symmetry from which they extend in a diverging manner, so that they form a one-piece profile projection.
- 12. A sole according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the profile projections are formed by groups of three elongate profile bodies.
- 13. A sole according to any preceding claim, wherein the majority of the profile projections on the front sole are located with the profile bodies arranged so that said direction extends towards the heel and there are some of the profile projections on the rear sole located with said direction extending towards the toe.
- 14. A sole according to any preceding claim, wherein some profile projections are located along the edge of the sole with the said direction extending laterally of the sole.
- 15. A sole according to any preceding claim, wherein the profile projections are integral with the outsole member.
- 16. A sole according to any preceding claim, wherein the lateral surfaces which delimit the profile bodies are substantially at right angles to the outer face of the outsole.
- 17. A sports shoe sole substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
- 18. A sole according to claim 17 modified substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in any one of Figures 2 to 5.
- 19. A sports shoe provided with a sole according to any preceding claim.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB340578A GB1587382A (en) | 1978-01-27 | 1978-01-27 | Sole for a sports shoe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB340578A GB1587382A (en) | 1978-01-27 | 1978-01-27 | Sole for a sports shoe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1587382A true GB1587382A (en) | 1981-04-01 |
Family
ID=9757720
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB340578A Expired GB1587382A (en) | 1978-01-27 | 1978-01-27 | Sole for a sports shoe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1587382A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2127671A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1984-04-18 | Brian Cook | Non-slip outer foot-coverings |
| GB2332136A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-06-16 | Softspikes Inc | Cleat |
| EP1025771A3 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2001-11-28 | adidas International B.V. | Spike for an athletic shoe |
| US6834445B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2004-12-28 | Softspikes, Llc | Shoe cleat with improved traction |
| US6834446B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-12-28 | Softspikes, Llc | Indexable shoe cleat with improved traction |
-
1978
- 1978-01-27 GB GB340578A patent/GB1587382A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2127671A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1984-04-18 | Brian Cook | Non-slip outer foot-coverings |
| GB2332136A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-06-16 | Softspikes Inc | Cleat |
| US6023860A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2000-02-15 | Softspikes, Inc. | Athletic shoe cleat |
| US6167641B1 (en) | 1997-12-11 | 2001-01-02 | Softspikes, Inc. | Athletic shoe cleat |
| US6305104B1 (en) | 1997-12-11 | 2001-10-23 | Mcmullin Faris W. | Athletic shoe cleat |
| GB2332136B (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2002-07-17 | Softspikes Inc | Athletic shoe cleat |
| EP1025771A3 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2001-11-28 | adidas International B.V. | Spike for an athletic shoe |
| US6834445B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2004-12-28 | Softspikes, Llc | Shoe cleat with improved traction |
| US6834446B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-12-28 | Softspikes, Llc | Indexable shoe cleat with improved traction |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |