GB1586469A - Vehicle engine cooling systems - Google Patents

Vehicle engine cooling systems Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1586469A
GB1586469A GB45820/76A GB4582076A GB1586469A GB 1586469 A GB1586469 A GB 1586469A GB 45820/76 A GB45820/76 A GB 45820/76A GB 4582076 A GB4582076 A GB 4582076A GB 1586469 A GB1586469 A GB 1586469A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
store material
transfer fluid
heat
vehicle engine
engine cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB45820/76A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority to GB45820/76A priority Critical patent/GB1586469A/en
Priority to DE19772749030 priority patent/DE2749030A1/en
Priority to FR7732928A priority patent/FR2370236A1/en
Publication of GB1586469A publication Critical patent/GB1586469A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO VEHICLE ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMS (71) I, THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE, Whitehall, London, SW1A 2HB, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to a vehicle engine cooling system.
Vehicle engine cooling systems of conventional circulatory - fluid type are generally designed to have sufficient capacity to permit continuous removal of the maximum amount of heat that may be generated by the engine during peak load conditions. If these thermal peaks occur only infrequently as is often the case, average heat output rarely being more than 50% of peak heat output, the resulting cooling system is unnecessarily large for a considerable proportion of the full working cycle.
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle engine cooling system which can adapt to various cooling demands throughout the full working cycle of the engine so as to dissipate heat continuously at a relatively constant rate. Such a system may then be of a relatively small size, sufficient only for dissipating the average heat generated.
According to the present invention a vehicle engine cooling system having a circulatory transfer fluid for transporting heat from the engine to a first heat exchanger operative between the transfer fluid and atmosphere includes a second heat exchanger operative between the transfer fluid and a store material, the store material being selected to have a phase transition temperature within the temperature range imposed upon the transfer fluid by the engine.
The store material is able to absorb and store comparatively large amounts of heat at the phase transition temperature by virtue of its latent heat of fusion, i.e. the heat required to change from solid to liquid at the same temperature, or alternatively, its latent heat of vaporisation.
In operation, when the heat output of the engine is high and the first heat exchanger becomes heavily loaded, the temperature of the transfer fluid rises until it reaches the phase transition temperature of the store material, whereupon further heat input to the transfer fluid from the engine is rapidly absorbed from the transfer fluid by phase transition of the store material. The heat thus transferred to the store material is stored as latent heat of fusion or of vaporisa tion until such time as the heat output of the vehicle engine decreases permitting the transfer fluid temperature to fall below the phase transition temperature, thereby reversing the phase transition and releasing the stored heat back to the transfer fluid for normal transference to the atmosphere via the first heat exchanger.
The total heat storage capacity needed for a specific vehicle engine cooling system may be calculated from a knowledge of the peak and average output of the engine. A suitable store material is then selected, preferably having a phase transition temperature which is close to the average temperature imparted to the transfer fluid by the engine, and having a specific latent heat of fusion, or vaporisation, which is as high as possible.
The higher the specific latent heat of the store material, the smaller the quantity that is required, and total weight is simply determined by dividing the necessary total storage capacity by the latent heat of fusion, or vaporisation, of the selected store material.
By way of example methyl fumarate, a material having a melting point of 102"C and a latent heat of fusion of 242kJ/Kg, is particularly suitable as a store material for the cooling system of a heavy duty vehicle operating in a hot climate.
Preferably the second heat exchanger has exchange surfaces arranged to be as extensive as possible to facilitate rapid heat exchange between the transfer fluid and the store material, and conveniently the exchange sufaces may be convoluted to define numerous thin platelets of the store material. Alternatively the transfer fluid may be circulated through an array of finned tubes, the spaces between the fins being packed with the store material. For example, a conventional vehicle engine radiator totally immersed in store material instead of in air would provide a heat storage matrix of suitably extensive exchange surface area.
Change of phase of the store material is of course accompanied by a change in volume and hence the heat storage matrix must be housed in an outer container which is capable of accomodating the volume change. The container may be flexible or alternatively, when a solid/liquid phase change is employed, the container may be vented to air. The volume change accompanying a solid/liquid phase change is less than that of a liquid/gas phase change and for this reason the choice of a store material to operate at its melting point is to be preferred.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the Figures accompanying the provisional specification, of which Figure 1 is a diagram of a vehicle engine cooling system including a part-longitudinal section of a heat storage matrix, Figure 2 is a transverse section of the heat storage matrix taken on the line II-II of Figure 1 and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the heat storage matrix, sectioned at line III-III of Figure 2.
The heat storage matrix illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a distribution tank 1 into which circulating coolant or transfer fluid 9 flows, via an inlet pipe 2, from a conventional coolant circuit 12 of an engine 10 and associated air cooled radiator 11, which radiator constitutes the first heat exchanger. The transfer fluid 9 is distributed from the tank 1 into a parallel array of narrow tubes 3, which constitute the second heat exchanger, leading to a common collection tank 4 from whence the transfer fluid 9 is returned to the coolant circuit 12 via an outlet pipe 5.
The tubes 3 mutually bear a stack of heat transfer fins 6, perpendicularly arranged with respect to the tubes 3 and evenly spaced along the tube lengths. The complete matrix of tubes 3 and fins 6 together with the tanks 1 and 4 are totally embedded in a store material 7 contained in a flexible-walled container 8, the store material 7 being selected to have a phase transition temperature approximately equal to the mean running temperature of the coolant circuit 12.
For example, methyl fumarate may be used for a system having a mean running temperature of about 102"C.
Embedment of the finned-tube matrix is of course readily achieved whilst the store material 7 is in its molten phase.
An enlarged section of the embedded matrix (Figure 3) illustrates the effect of heat transfer from the transfer fluid 9 via the tubes 3 and the fins 6 to the store material 7.
The section is drawn to show the store material 7 in two co-existing phases, i.e.
molten store material 7a and solid store material 7b having a common interface 7c, which interface will be at the fusion temperature of the specific store material. As more heat is transferred to the store material from the transfer fluid, the interface 7c will gradually recede from the surrounding heat transfer surfaces. When however transfer fluid entering the tubes 3 is at a lower temperature than the molten store material 7a the heat transfer process is reversed, the molten store material 7a gradually returning to the solid state (7b) and the disgorged heat being carried away by the transfer fluid 9 for disposal via the radiator 11.
It will of course be apparent that many other arrangements of a vehicle engine cooling system according to the present invention are possible, for example, the outer container of the heat storage matrix may itself be arranged to discharge heat to the vehicle body or to the air and may be further provided with internal fins, intrusive into the store material and regularly interspaced with the heat exchanger fins.
WHAT I CLAIM IS: 1. A vehicle engine cooling sytem having a circulatory transfer fluid for transporting heat from the engine to a first heat exchanger operative between the transfer fluid and atmosphere, wherein a second heat exchanger operative between the transfer fluid and a store material is included, the store material being selected to have a phase transition temperature within the temperature range imposed upon the transfer fluid by the engine.
2. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claim 1 in which the store material has a phase transition temperature which is approximately equal to the mean temperature imparted to the transfer fluid by the engine.
3. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 in which the phase transition temperature of the store material is its vaporisation temperature.
4. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 in which the phase transition temperature of the store material is its fusion temperature.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (11)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. Preferably the second heat exchanger has exchange surfaces arranged to be as extensive as possible to facilitate rapid heat exchange between the transfer fluid and the store material, and conveniently the exchange sufaces may be convoluted to define numerous thin platelets of the store material. Alternatively the transfer fluid may be circulated through an array of finned tubes, the spaces between the fins being packed with the store material. For example, a conventional vehicle engine radiator totally immersed in store material instead of in air would provide a heat storage matrix of suitably extensive exchange surface area. Change of phase of the store material is of course accompanied by a change in volume and hence the heat storage matrix must be housed in an outer container which is capable of accomodating the volume change. The container may be flexible or alternatively, when a solid/liquid phase change is employed, the container may be vented to air. The volume change accompanying a solid/liquid phase change is less than that of a liquid/gas phase change and for this reason the choice of a store material to operate at its melting point is to be preferred. An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the Figures accompanying the provisional specification, of which Figure 1 is a diagram of a vehicle engine cooling system including a part-longitudinal section of a heat storage matrix, Figure 2 is a transverse section of the heat storage matrix taken on the line II-II of Figure 1 and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the heat storage matrix, sectioned at line III-III of Figure 2. The heat storage matrix illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a distribution tank 1 into which circulating coolant or transfer fluid 9 flows, via an inlet pipe 2, from a conventional coolant circuit 12 of an engine 10 and associated air cooled radiator 11, which radiator constitutes the first heat exchanger. The transfer fluid 9 is distributed from the tank 1 into a parallel array of narrow tubes 3, which constitute the second heat exchanger, leading to a common collection tank 4 from whence the transfer fluid 9 is returned to the coolant circuit 12 via an outlet pipe 5. The tubes 3 mutually bear a stack of heat transfer fins 6, perpendicularly arranged with respect to the tubes 3 and evenly spaced along the tube lengths. The complete matrix of tubes 3 and fins 6 together with the tanks 1 and 4 are totally embedded in a store material 7 contained in a flexible-walled container 8, the store material 7 being selected to have a phase transition temperature approximately equal to the mean running temperature of the coolant circuit 12. For example, methyl fumarate may be used for a system having a mean running temperature of about 102"C. Embedment of the finned-tube matrix is of course readily achieved whilst the store material 7 is in its molten phase. An enlarged section of the embedded matrix (Figure 3) illustrates the effect of heat transfer from the transfer fluid 9 via the tubes 3 and the fins 6 to the store material 7. The section is drawn to show the store material 7 in two co-existing phases, i.e. molten store material 7a and solid store material 7b having a common interface 7c, which interface will be at the fusion temperature of the specific store material. As more heat is transferred to the store material from the transfer fluid, the interface 7c will gradually recede from the surrounding heat transfer surfaces. When however transfer fluid entering the tubes 3 is at a lower temperature than the molten store material 7a the heat transfer process is reversed, the molten store material 7a gradually returning to the solid state (7b) and the disgorged heat being carried away by the transfer fluid 9 for disposal via the radiator 11. It will of course be apparent that many other arrangements of a vehicle engine cooling system according to the present invention are possible, for example, the outer container of the heat storage matrix may itself be arranged to discharge heat to the vehicle body or to the air and may be further provided with internal fins, intrusive into the store material and regularly interspaced with the heat exchanger fins. WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. A vehicle engine cooling sytem having a circulatory transfer fluid for transporting heat from the engine to a first heat exchanger operative between the transfer fluid and atmosphere, wherein a second heat exchanger operative between the transfer fluid and a store material is included, the store material being selected to have a phase transition temperature within the temperature range imposed upon the transfer fluid by the engine.
2. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claim 1 in which the store material has a phase transition temperature which is approximately equal to the mean temperature imparted to the transfer fluid by the engine.
3. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 in which the phase transition temperature of the store material is its vaporisation temperature.
4. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 in which the phase transition temperature of the store material is its fusion temperature.
5. A vehicle engine cooling system as
claimed in Claim 4 in which the fusion temperature of the store material is greater than 0 C.
6. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claim 5 in which the fusion temperature of the store material is not less than 100"C.
7. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in Claim 6 in which the store material is methyl fumarate.
8. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 wherein the store material is enclosed within a flexible outer container.
9. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 7 wherein the store material is housed in a vented outer container.
10. A vehicle engine cooling system as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 9 wherein the second heat exchanger includes one or more externally finned tubes intimately surrounded by the store material, through which tubes the transfer fluid is arranged to circulate.
11. A vehicle engine cooling system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the figures accompanying the provisional specification.
GB45820/76A 1976-11-03 1976-11-03 Vehicle engine cooling systems Expired GB1586469A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB45820/76A GB1586469A (en) 1976-11-03 1976-11-03 Vehicle engine cooling systems
DE19772749030 DE2749030A1 (en) 1976-11-03 1977-11-02 HEAT REMOVAL DEVICE
FR7732928A FR2370236A1 (en) 1976-11-03 1977-11-02 HEAT TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB45820/76A GB1586469A (en) 1976-11-03 1976-11-03 Vehicle engine cooling systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1586469A true GB1586469A (en) 1981-03-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB45820/76A Expired GB1586469A (en) 1976-11-03 1976-11-03 Vehicle engine cooling systems

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DE (1) DE2749030A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2370236A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1586469A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2125156A (en) * 1982-08-12 1984-02-29 Ford Motor Co Heat storage in motor vehicles
EP1424531A2 (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-06-02 Valeo Climatisation Thermally inert heat exchanger for circuit of heat transfer fluid, particularly of vehicles
US8973396B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2015-03-10 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
CN106196611A (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-12-07 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 Phase-change heat storage type water heater heat exchange device and water heater
FR3043187A1 (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-05 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMAL BATTERY WITH LATENT HEAT FOR AUTOMOBILE

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT356846B (en) * 1978-07-20 1980-05-27 Holztrattner Heinrich CLOSED CONTAINER FOR STORING AND / OR GENERATING HEAT OR COLD WITH BUILT-IN CHAMBERS AND TUBES
DE3268296D1 (en) * 1981-09-11 1986-02-13 Hitachi Ltd Heat-storing apparatus
DE3918941C2 (en) * 1988-06-15 1998-04-30 Gerd Hoermansdoerfer Use of 1,12-diaminododecane as a storage medium for motor vehicle latent heat storage
DE19953113C1 (en) * 1999-11-04 2000-12-07 Alfred Schneider Latent heat store has outside surfaces of heat exchanger and/or inside surface of container for heat storage medium provided with sharp edges and/or points
US7735461B2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2010-06-15 Aqwest Llc Engine cooling system with overload handling capability
FR2943775B1 (en) * 2009-03-24 2012-07-13 Valeo Systemes Thermiques STORAGE EXCHANGER HAVING STORER MATERIAL AND AIR CONDITIONING LOOP OR COOLING CIRCUIT COMPRISING SUCH EXCHANGER.
FR3034182B1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2018-10-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE HAVING A HEAT PUMP AND MCP FLUID EXCHANGER AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLING THE SAME
FR3067101B1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2020-01-10 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMAL MODULE COMPRISING A HOUSING AND A HEAT EXCHANGER

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2125156A (en) * 1982-08-12 1984-02-29 Ford Motor Co Heat storage in motor vehicles
EP1424531A2 (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-06-02 Valeo Climatisation Thermally inert heat exchanger for circuit of heat transfer fluid, particularly of vehicles
FR2847973A1 (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-06-04 Valeo Climatisation HEAT EXCHANGER WITH THERMAL INERTIA FOR HEAT FLUID CIRCUIT, ESPECIALLY A MOTOR VEHICLE.
EP1424531A3 (en) * 2002-11-29 2005-09-14 Valeo Climatisation Thermally inert heat exchanger for circuit of heat transfer fluid, particularly of vehicles
US7156156B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2007-01-02 Valeo Climatisation Heat exchanger with thermal inertia for a heat transfer fluid circuit, particularly of a motor vehicle
US8973395B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2015-03-10 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
US8973396B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2015-03-10 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
US8978411B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2015-03-17 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
US9032757B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2015-05-19 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
US10132549B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2018-11-20 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
US11029073B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2021-06-08 Denso Corporation Cold-storage heat exchanger
CN106196611A (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-12-07 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 Phase-change heat storage type water heater heat exchange device and water heater
FR3043187A1 (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-05 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMAL BATTERY WITH LATENT HEAT FOR AUTOMOBILE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2749030A1 (en) 1978-05-18
FR2370236A1 (en) 1978-06-02

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